Dependence of Transportation on Industry in Croatia

The transportation sector is the lifeblood of an economy. It is divided into three principal categories, i.e., modes of transportation: air, land, and water. This paper analyzes the post-financial crisis value added data for the Croatian economy (2008–2015) by analyzing the dependence of three categories of the transportation sector on the cumulative of all other sectors, and on the manufacturing sector in particular. The value added of the three categories of the transportation sector is progressively dependent on the value added of the cumulative industry. This may be due to the progressive dependence of the gross national product on transport because of specialization and division of labor resulting in economies of density due to network and agglomeration effects.

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The Contribution of Pakistan's Large Scale Manufacturing Industries Towards Gross National Product at World Prices

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v13i1pp.1-12 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

A. R. Kemal

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gross National Product ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Manufacturing Industries ◽

National Product ◽

Official Exchange Rate ◽

Domestic Prices ◽

Tax Holidays

Over the period 1949/50 to 1970/71, Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing sector grew at a compound rate of more than 15 per cent. Its share of GNP increased during this period from 1.5 per cent to 9.4 per cent. Various factors contributed to this growth, not the least of which were the various incentives provided to the manufacturing sector via tariffs, restrictive import licensing, tax holidays and an overvalued official exchange rate. Recently, several studies, and most notably an OECD study by Little, Scitovsky and Scott [10] (hereafter referred to as LSS) questioned the meaning of the growth rates and sectoral shares of manufacturing sector when the goods produced in these sectors are valued at prices distorted by various subsidy and trade restricting policies. They concluded that a better measure of the manu¬facturing sector's contribution could be obtained by valuing a country's gross national product not at domestic prices but at world prices—i.e. the prices that would obtain in the country were there no trade tax or quotas.

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Short-Term Employment Functions in Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v17i3pp.333-344 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 333-344

Author(s):

Karamat Ali

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Gross National Product ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Manufacturing Industries ◽

National Product ◽

Short Term ◽

Total Employment ◽

Industrial Growth ◽

Main Indicator ◽

Percentage Share

The manufacturing sector has played an important role in the economic development of Pakistan. The main indicator of industrial growth—the percentage share of manufacturing in Gross National Product—has been increasing. However, the percentage of employment in manufacturing has decreased. "The share of manufacturing in GNP has increased from 8.1 percent in 1950 to 16.0 percent in 1968. But employment in manufacturing sector declined from 15.0 percent of total employment to 14.3 percent in 1965 [5, p.212].

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Assessment of Financial Investors’ Assets Level and Importance on Financial Market in Poland

Przedsiebiorczosc i Zarzadzanie ◽

10.1515/eam-2015-0015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 31-44

Author(s):

Paweł Trippner

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

Financial Market ◽

Capital Market ◽

Gross National Product ◽

Pension Funds ◽

National Product ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Investment Funds ◽

Investment Portfolios

AbstractThe main purpose of the submitted article is the estimation of financial investors’ potential in Poland. There are four groups of collective investors on financial market in Poland like Banks, Insurance companies, Investment funds and Open Pension Funds, which have been analyzed. Their importance on financial market and especially on capital market in Poland is still rising. The dynamics of their assets value in 2009 – 2013 periods has been analyzed. Financial investors’ assets and Gross National Product in Poland ratio has been calculated. The influence of the financial crisis and post-crisis time on the investment portfolios structure has been also reviewed.

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Output, Value Added and Employment in the Small Scale Textile Industry

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v14i1pp.120-134 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 120-134

Author(s):

Seemin Anwar

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Large Scale ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

National Income ◽

Value Added ◽

National Product ◽

Small Scale ◽

National Accounts ◽

Rate Of Increase

The small scale manufacturing sector is in many ways the step-child of Pakistan's national income accounts. A number of sample surveys of the output and employment characteristics of small industries have been conducted, but no attempt has been made to apply these surveys, in a systematic fashion, to the measurement of the growth of output of this sector. In the absence of better information, compilers of Pakistan's national accounts simply assume that the small scale sector's contribution to the national product grows at the same rate as the population. However, given the rapid structural changes in large scale industry and the sharp fluctuations in the past decade in the rate of increase in the gross national product, it is unlikely that the small scale sector grew at such a uniform rate. The small scale manufacturing sector encompasses a wide array of highly differentiated economic activities and separate estimates of the value added annually by each of these activities is not feasible, in large part because the establishments in this sector rarely keep systematic records even for major items such as sales or employment. Even if firms kept records, it would be extremely difficult to monitor the thousands of existing establishments, much less keep track of firms leaving or entering the sector. Thus, any effort at sampling or regular census-taking in the small scale sector is likely to provide insufficient information from which to construct an annual index of production.

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