scholarly journals The Contribution of Pakistan's Large Scale Manufacturing Industries Towards Gross National Product at World Prices

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
National Product ◽  
Official Exchange Rate ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Tax Holidays

Over the period 1949/50 to 1970/71, Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing sector grew at a compound rate of more than 15 per cent. Its share of GNP increased during this period from 1.5 per cent to 9.4 per cent. Various factors contributed to this growth, not the least of which were the various incentives provided to the manufacturing sector via tariffs, restrictive import licensing, tax holidays and an overvalued official exchange rate. Recently, several studies, and most notably an OECD study by Little, Scitovsky and Scott [10] (hereafter referred to as LSS) questioned the meaning of the growth rates and sectoral shares of manufacturing sector when the goods produced in these sectors are valued at prices distorted by various subsidy and trade restricting policies. They concluded that a better measure of the manu¬facturing sector's contribution could be obtained by valuing a country's gross national product not at domestic prices but at world prices—i.e. the prices that would obtain in the country were there no trade tax or quotas.

scholarly journals Short-Term Employment Functions in Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Karamat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
National Product ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Percentage Share

The manufacturing sector has played an important role in the economic development of Pakistan. The main indicator of industrial growth—the percentage share of manufacturing in Gross National Product—has been increasing. However, the percentage of employment in manufacturing has decreased. "The share of manufacturing in GNP has increased from 8.1 percent in 1950 to 16.0 percent in 1968. But employment in manufacturing sector declined from 15.0 percent of total employment to 14.3 percent in 1965 [5, p.212].

Manufacturing Industries Transfer Trend in China 1999 - 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 2284-2287
Author(s):  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Wei Dou ◽  
Ya Qiong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Industrial Transfer ◽  
Industrial Competitiveness ◽  
Western Development ◽  
The Absolute

Construction of the regional industrial competitiveness coefficient model to measure and evaluate the dynamic trend of industrial transfer between the manufacturing industries of the eastern, central and western regions since its formal implementation of the western development strategy in 1999, China, the results show that from 2000 to 2010 the absolute superiority of the eastern part of the manufacturing sector is still obvious, even to expand, and the East Midwest gap has not narrowed, as well as the expansion of large-scale industrial transfer and did not happen.

scholarly journals An ecological view of New Developmentalism: a proposal of integration

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
GIULIO GUARINI ◽  
JOSÉ LUIS OREIRO
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Capital Controls ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Ecological View ◽  
Dual Mandate

ABSTRACT Article aims to integrate New Developmentalism with Ecological View by means of the concepts of Ecological Structural Change (ESC) and Eco-Developmental Class-Coalition (EDCC). ESC means to increase the share of green manufacturing sector in GDP and employment for increasing the environmental efficiency of the economy. Exchange rate overvaluation caused by Dutch disease and growth with foreign savings can harm green manufacturing industries even more than brown manufacturing industries. ESC needs the existence of an EDCC that can be made difficult to occur if exchange rate over-valuation is not removed through taxes over commodities exports, capital controls and a dual mandate for the Central Bank.

scholarly journals Dependence of Transportation on Industry in Croatia

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Davor Mance ◽  
Borna Debelić ◽  
Alen Jugović
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
National Product ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Agglomeration Effects

The transportation sector is the lifeblood of an economy. It is divided into three principal categories, i.e., modes of transportation: air, land, and water. This paper analyzes the post-financial crisis value added data for the Croatian economy (2008–2015) by analyzing the dependence of three categories of the transportation sector on the cumulative of all other sectors, and on the manufacturing sector in particular. The value added of the three categories of the transportation sector is progressively dependent on the value added of the cumulative industry. This may be due to the progressive dependence of the gross national product on transport because of specialization and division of labor resulting in economies of density due to network and agglomeration effects.

scholarly journals Analysis of Inter-industry Relations in Pakistan: Some Further Experiments with the 1975-76 Data

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-670
Author(s):  
Aftab Ali Syed
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Industry Relations

Input-Output (1-0) tables of Pakistan's economy for the year 1975-76 were published by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE) in 1983. They delineated the structure of production of 118 industries together with the disposition of their output by five categories of final demand: consumption expenditures; gross fixed capital formation; changes in stocks; exports; and re-exports. Import have been shown to be absorbed as intermediate inputs as well as destined for final consumption. The present author presented an analytical paper [3], based on the said data-base, in which despite the useful industrial details captured, the predominant agrarian nature of Pakistan's economy was emphasized. Agricultural sector's contribution to the total gross domestic product (CDP) at factor cost amounted to 22.1 percent. Although the 1-0 tables identified some 81 manufacturing industries - both large-scale and small-scale - there were only seven industries whose contribution to the total CDP was of any significance. The manufacturing sector, as a whole, contributed only about 11.7 percent of the total CDP. Service industries, construction and the like still account for the rest of the CDP.

Measuring the performance of small, medium and large manufacturing in Punjab: A bootstrapped Malmquist index analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Iqbal ◽  
Rana Tahir Naveed ◽  
Ahmad Mohmad Albassami ◽  
MahsaMoshfegyan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Operation And Management

The manufacturing sector has played a pivotal role for the development of the economies. It generates jobs, earn foreign reserves by exports and serves domestic economy as well. Given the importance of manufacturing sector, the performance measurement of this sector has been the main interest of economists, researchers and policymakers. The objective of the present study is to measure the performance of small, medium and large scale manufacturing industries. We utilized non-parametric approach to measure the performance by using survey panel data during 1995-2005. Further, for hypotheses testing, we use bootstrapping approach to test the null of insignificant change in the performance measures. We found that small and large scale manufacturing industries do not significantly change their technological frontier during the study period, while, both are highly efficient due to the better operation and management. Further, for high efficiency, the contribution of scale efficiency is larger as compare to the operation and management in case of large scale manufacturing industries. On the other hand, medium scale industries significantly shifted their technological frontier and adopted new technology or innovations, this sector is also efficient due to the better operation and management. However, the performance of all these manufacturing industries in terms of productivity change is not satisfactory. We conclude that by and large, the manufacturing industry has been endeavoring to improve its efficiency by expanding production with the help of available resources and administrative strategies. The conspicuous element is that the firms are reluctant to put resources into R&D which can shift production frontier upward. Keywords: Small, Medium and Large manufacturing, Performance, DEA, Bootstrapping, Punjab

scholarly journals An Analysis of Production Relations in the Large-scale Textile Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail J. Malik ◽  
Mohammad Mushtaq ◽  
Hina Nazli
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Textile Manufacturing ◽  
Production Relations ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This paper attempts to determine econometrically the underlying production relations for the large-scale textile manufacturing sector of Pakistan, based on data available from the siX most recent censuses of large-scale manufacturing industries. The cOllariance model is used for pooling the provincial data. Testing for alternative forms reveals that the CES production function with constant-returns-to-scale most adequately explains the underlying production structure. The estimates of the elasticity of substitution are significantly different from zero in all cases, implying significant and efficient employment generation possibilities.

scholarly journals Substitution Elasticities in the Large- Scale Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Substitution Elasticities ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Substitution Elasticity

This paper examines substitution elasticities between capital and labour in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. It is found that whereas the substitution possibilities between the capital intensive and labour intensive techniques of production are rather limited, the substitution possibilities between various activities do exist. It is also found that changes in capital-labour ratio have a significant influence on the substitution elasticity and as such CES estimates, in general, are biased.

scholarly journals State of Technology and Productivity in Pakistan’s Manufacturing Industries: Some Strategic Directions to Build Technological Competence

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Mahmood ◽  
Rehana Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Technology System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status

Historically, Pakistan’s economic growth record, especially of the manufacturing sector, has been quite satisfactory. However, since the late 1980s Pakistan has been facing a slow growth of manufacturing industries, particularly of the large-scale manufacturing units. This has led some economists to express the apprehension that perhaps de-industrialisation is taking place in the country. A careful analysis of the causes of this sluggish growth suggests that one of the main contributory factors is the slow growth in total factor productivity (TFP)—the best overall measure of competitiveness. What has caused this productivity slow-down? For Pakistan there is clear evidence of a relationship between the growth in total factor productivity and the ailing S & T apparatus. The results presented in the study also lend support to the hypothesis that knowledge capital, human capital, openness, and government policies are crucial determinants of total factor productivity growth. Given a liberal economic environment in the country, which is essential to improve efficiency and productivity, the paper offers four strategic directions in order to improve the status of the S & T system in Pakistan: (1) augment the public sector S & T apparatus with the private sector funding and oversight; (2) take measures to upgrade scientific research institutions to the international standard; (3) streamline the technology creation, absorption, and diffusion system; and (4) enhance the demand for S & T in industries. These strategic directions are designed in such a manner that they work together towards a series of phased reforms, which can create incentives and market-based mechanisms to enhance the technology system without relying on a radical shift in the governance element of the bureaucracy.

Are "Consistent Time Series Data Relating to Pakistan's Large-Scale Manufacturing Industries" Inconsistent: A Comment

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Ole David Koht Norbye
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Sectoral Growth

In the Spring 1976 issue, The Pakistan Development Review published an article by A. R. Kemal [2] on "Consistent Time Series Data Relating to Pakistan's Large-Scale Manufacturing Industries" (hereafter referred to as Kemal I). That article was followed by a second article [3] in the Winter 1976 issue of the same journal, entitled "Sectoral Growth Rates and Efficiency of Factor Use in Large-Scale Manufacturing Sector in West Pakistan" (here¬after referred to as Kemal II). These two articles had very significant impact because they purport to present more realistic figures describing the development of Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing sector during the period 1959-1960 to 1969-1970. This was a period in which that sector grew rapidly and was subject to strong structural changes. Fresh data for the large-scale manufacturing sector during that critical period could therefore lead to a reinterpretation of Pakistan's economic history during the 1960's. The purpose of the two Kemal articles appears to have been to provide such a new statistical picture for large-scale manufacturing, and the study on which they were based was financed by the Planning Commis¬sion, Government of Pakistan.

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