Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Cognitive Training (VRCT) and Computer-Based Cognitive Training (CBCT) for Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT) and conventional computer-based cognitive training (CBCT) in five specific cognitive domains (i.e., global cognitive function (GCF), memory (Mem), executive function (EF), language (Lang) and visuospatial skills (VS)) of individuals with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 320 studies were yielded from five electronic databases. Eighteen randomized controlled trials met the PRISMA criteria, with 10 related to VRCT and 8 related to CBCT. A random-effect model was used in determining the main effect of cognitive training in five specific cognitive domains. VRCT provided the largest effect size on VS and Lang while the smallest on EF. CBCT provided the largest effect size on Mem and Lang while the smallest on EF. VRCT and CBCT generate an opposite effect on VS. VRCT outweighs CBCT in treatment effectiveness of GCF, EF, Lang and VS. More immersive and interactive experiences in VRCT may help individuals with MCI better engage in real-life experiences, which supports skill generalization and reduces external distractions. CBCT tends to improve Mem but no definite conclusions can be made. Further investigation with more stringent research design and specific protocol are required to reach consensus about the optimum intervention regime.

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Effects of virtual reality cognitive training in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry ◽

10.1002/gps.5603 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dongmei Zhong ◽

Liangying Chen ◽

Yongshen Feng ◽

Rui Song ◽

Likui Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Meta Analysis

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The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment among Chinese People: A Meta-Analysis

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000512597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 79-91

Author(s):

Yan Deng ◽

Siqi Zhao ◽

Guangwen Cheng ◽

Jiajia Yang ◽

Benchao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Chinese Elderly ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) induced the majority number of dementia patients. The prevalence of MCI in China varied across studies with different screening tools and diagnostic criteria. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled MCI prevalence among the population aged 55 years and older in China. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang, CQVIP, and CBMdisc were searched for studies on prevalence of MCI among Chinese elderly between January 1, 1980, and February 10, 2020. The quality assessment was conducted via external validity, internal validity, and informativity, the pooled prevalence was calculated through the random-effect model, and the homogeneity was evaluated by Cochran’s Q test and I2. Results: Fifty-three studies with 123,766 subjects were included. The pooled prevalence of MCI among Chinese elderly was 15.4% (95% CI: 13.5–17.4%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the prevalence calculated with different screening tools was 20.2% (95% CI: 15.1–25.9%) for Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and 13.0% (95% CI: 10.7–15.5%) for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). According to different diagnostic criteria, the prevalence was 14.8% (95% CI: 12.2–17.6%) for Petersen criteria, 15.0% (95% CI: 12.7–17.5%) for DSM-IV, and 21.2% (95% CI: 17.5–25.2%) for Chinese Expert Consensus on Cognitive Impairment (CECCI). Besides, women, older adults, illiterate people, rural residents, and those who lived with unhealthy lifestyles and morbidity showed higher prevalence. Conclusions: The prevalence of MCI in China was 15.4%, which varied by demographics, lifestyles, morbidity, screening tools, and diagnostic criteria. In further studies, screening tools and diagnosis criteria should be considered when estimating MCI prevalence.

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A Preliminary Study on the Feasibility of Using a Virtual Reality Cognitive Training Application for Remote Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-160518 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 619-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Stelios Zygouris ◽

Konstantinos Ntovas ◽

Dimitrios Giakoumis ◽

Konstantinos Votis ◽

Stefanos Doumpoulakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Remote Detection ◽

Preliminary Study

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Meta-analysis of Virtual Reality Based on Delaying Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease ◽

10.1097/nmd.0000000000001426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Guanqun Chao ◽

Liying Chen

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Meta Analysis

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The effectiveness of virtual reality for people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a meta-analysis

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-019-2180-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Oksoo Kim ◽

Yanghee Pang ◽

Jung-Hee Kim

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Meta Analysis

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Effects of virtual reality-based spatial cognitive training on hippocampal function of older adults with mild cognitive impairment

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610220001131 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jin-Hyuck Park

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Spatial Cognition ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Cognitive Intervention ◽

Hippocampal Function

ABSTRACT Background: To date, there is a controversy on effects of cognitive intervention to maintain or improve hippocampal function for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: The main objective of this study was to exam effects of virtual reality-based spatial cognitive training (VR-SCT) using VR on hippocampal function of older adults with MCI. Method: Fifty-six older adults with MCI were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EG) that received the VR-SCT or the waitlist control group (CG) for a total of 24 sessions. To investigate effects of the VR-SCT on spatial cognition and episodic memory, the Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Block Design Test (WAIS-BDT) and the Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) were used. Results: During the sessions, the training performances gradually increased (p < .001). After the intervention, the EG showed significant greater improvements in the WAIS-BDT (p < .001, η2 = .667) and recall of the SVLT (p < .05, η2 =.094) compared to the CG but in recognition of the SVLT (p > .05, η2 =.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the VR-SCT might be clinically beneficial to enhance spatial cognition and episodic memory of older adults with MCI.

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