scholarly journals The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment among Chinese People: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Yan Deng ◽  
Siqi Zhao ◽  
Guangwen Cheng ◽  
Jiajia Yang ◽  
Benchao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Chinese Elderly ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) induced the majority number of dementia patients. The prevalence of MCI in China varied across studies with different screening tools and diagnostic criteria. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled MCI prevalence among the population aged 55 years and older in China. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang, CQVIP, and CBMdisc were searched for studies on prevalence of MCI among Chinese elderly between January 1, 1980, and February 10, 2020. The quality assessment was conducted via external validity, internal validity, and informativity, the pooled prevalence was calculated through the random-effect model, and the homogeneity was evaluated by Cochran’s <i>Q</i> test and <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fifty-three studies with 123,766 subjects were included. The pooled prevalence of MCI among Chinese elderly was 15.4% (95% CI: 13.5–17.4%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the prevalence calculated with different screening tools was 20.2% (95% CI: 15.1–25.9%) for Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and 13.0% (95% CI: 10.7–15.5%) for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). According to different diagnostic criteria, the prevalence was 14.8% (95% CI: 12.2–17.6%) for Petersen criteria, 15.0% (95% CI: 12.7–17.5%) for DSM-IV, and 21.2% (95% CI: 17.5–25.2%) for Chinese Expert Consensus on Cognitive Impairment (CECCI). Besides, women, older adults, illiterate people, rural residents, and those who lived with unhealthy lifestyles and morbidity showed higher prevalence. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The prevalence of MCI in China was 15.4%, which varied by demographics, lifestyles, morbidity, screening tools, and diagnostic criteria. In further studies, screening tools and diagnosis criteria should be considered when estimating MCI prevalence.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Chinese Populations Aged over 55 years: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Chaojie Liu ◽  
Dehua Yu ◽  
Sally Fawkes ◽  
Jia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype. This study aims to synthesise the prevalence results of MCI and aMCI in community-dwelling populations in China through a meta-analysis and systematic review.Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. English and Chinese studies published before 1 March 2020 were searched from ten electronic bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the prevalence of MCI and aMCI, followed by subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analyses.Results: A total of 41 studies with 112,632 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The Chinese community-dwelling populations over 55 years old had a pooled prevalence of 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6%, 14.2%] for MCI and 10.9% [95% CI: 7.7%, 15.4%] for aMCI, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) generated the highest MCI prevalence (13.5%), followed by the Petersen criteria (12.9%), and the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria (10.3%). Women, rural residents, and those who lived alone and had low levels of education had higher MCI prevalence than others. ​Conclusion：Higher MCI prevalence was identified in community-dwelling populations in China compared with some other countries, possibly due to more relaxed criteria being adopted for confirming the diagnosis. The study shows that aMCI accounts for 66.5% of MCI, which is consistent with findings of studies undertaken elsewhere.Systematic review registration number： PROSPERO CRD42019134686

scholarly journals Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Chinese populations aged over 55 years: a meta-analysis and systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Chaojie Liu ◽  
Dehua Yu ◽  
Sally Fawkes ◽  
Jia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype. This study aims to synthesise the prevalence results of MCI and aMCI in community-dwelling populations in China through a meta-analysis and systematic review.Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. English and Chinese studies published before 1 March 2020 were searched from ten electronic bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the prevalence of MCI and aMCI, followed by sub-group analyses and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analyses.Results: A total of 41 studies with 112,632 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The Chinese community-dwelling populations over 55 years old had a pooled prevalence of 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6%, 14.2%] for MCI and 10.9% [95% CI: 7.7%, 15.4%] for aMCI, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) generated the highest MCI prevalence (13.5%), followed by the Petersen criteria (12.9%), and the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria (10.3%). Women, rural residents, and those who lived alone and had low levels of education had higher MCI prevalence than others. ​Conclusion：Higher MCI prevalence was identified in community-dwelling populations in China compared with some other countries, possibly due to more relaxed criteria being adopted for confirming the diagnosis. The study shows that aMCI accounts for 66.5% of MCI, which is consistent with findings of studies undertaken elsewhere.Systematic review registration number：PROSPERO CRD42019134686

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Interventions on Cognitive Adaptations for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Hong-Bum Eun ◽  
Seung-Soo Baek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Effect Model

PURPOSE: Old adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at high risk for developing dementia. Exercise is a promising intervention for cognitive decline. This study evaluated the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive adaptation for older adults with MCI and attempted to identify which specific modality of exercise is more effective.METHODS: National Assembly library, Research information sharing service, Google scholar databases from 1 January 2010 to 31 Oct 2020 were utilized for searching articles related to research purpose. Meta-analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 using the fixed-effect model for the available data without significant heterogeneity, or the random-effect model was used if appropriate.RESULTS:Through meta-analysis in 13 studies, the combination of aerobic and resistance movements significantly improved cognitive ability and showed that intervention in a particular week and time is of paramount importance to improving cognitive function.CONCLUSIONS: The Combination of aerobic and resistance exercise led to an improvement in cognitive ability and had a positive effect with a middle effect size on cognitive function in older adults with MCI.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Chinese populations aged over 55 years: a meta-analysis and systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Chaojie Liu ◽  
Dehua Yu ◽  
Sally Fawkes ◽  
Jia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype. This study aims to synthesise the prevalence results of MCI and aMCI in community-dwelling populations in China through a meta-analysis and systematic review. Methods The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. English and Chinese studies published before 1 March 2020 were searched from ten electronic bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the prevalence of MCI and aMCI, followed by sub-group analyses and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analyses. Results A total of 41 studies with 112,632 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The Chinese community-dwelling populations over 55 years old had a pooled prevalence of 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6, 14.2%] for MCI and 10.9% [95% CI, 7.7, 15.4%] for aMCI, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) generated the highest MCI prevalence (13.5%), followed by the Petersen criteria (12.9%), and the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria (10.3%). Women, rural residents, and those who lived alone and had low levels of education had higher MCI prevalence than others. Conclusion Higher MCI prevalence was identified in community-dwelling older adult populations in China compared with some other countries, possibly due to more broadened criteria being adopted for confirming the diagnosis. The study shows that aMCI accounts for 66.5% of MCI, which is consistent with findings of studies undertaken elsewhere. Systematic review registration number PROSPERO CRD42019134686.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Chinese populations aged over 55 years: a meta-analysis and systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Chaojie Liu ◽  
Dehua Yu ◽  
Sally Fawkes ◽  
Jia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype. This study aims to synthesise the prevalence results of MCI and aMCI in community-dwelling populations in China through a meta-analysis and systematic review.Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. English and Chinese studies published before 1 March 2020 were searched from ten electronic bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the prevalence of MCI and aMCI, followed by sub-group analyses and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analyses.Results: A total of 41 studies with 112,632 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The Chinese community-dwelling populations over 55 years old had a pooled prevalence of 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6%, 14.2%] for MCI and 10.9% [95% CI: 7.7%, 15.4%] for aMCI, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) generated the highest MCI prevalence (13.5%), followed by the Petersen criteria (12.9%), and the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria (10.3%). Women, rural residents, and those who lived alone and had low levels of education had higher MCI prevalence than others. ​Conclusion: Higher MCI prevalence was identified in community-dwelling older adult populations in China compared with some other countries, possibly due to more relaxed criteria being adopted for confirming the diagnosis. The study shows that aMCI accounts for 66.5% of MCI, which is consistent with findings of studies undertaken elsewhere.Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42019134686

scholarly journals Magnitude and determinants of neural tube defect in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Atlaw ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Kenbon Seyoum ◽  
Damtew Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of disorders that arise from the failure of the neural tube close between 21 and 28 days after conception. About 90% of neural tube defects and 95% of death due to these defects occurs in low-income countries. Since these NTDs cause considerable morbidity and mortality, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of NTDs in Africa. Methods The protocol of this study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO number: CRD42020149356). All major databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar search engine were systematically searched. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa, and Cochran’s Q-statistics and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between included studies. Publication bias was assessed using Begg ’s tests, and the association between determinant factors and NTDs was estimated using a random-effect model. Results Of the total 2679 articles, 37 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa was 50.71 per 10,000 births (95% CI: 48.03, 53.44). Folic acid supplementation (AOR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19–0.85), maternal exposure to pesticide (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.04–10.39), mothers with a previous history of stillbirth (AOR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.99–5.65) and maternal exposure to x-ray radiation (AOR 2.34; 95% CI: 1.27–4.31) were found to be determinants of NTDs. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa was found to be high. Maternal exposure to pesticides and x-ray radiation were significantly associated with NTDs. Folic acid supplementation before and within the first month of pregnancy was found to be a protective factor for NTDs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexual violence in Ethiopian workplaces: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Dile Worke ◽  
Zewdie Birhanu Koricha ◽  
Gurmesa Tura Debelew
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Workplace sexual violence is a significant public health problem in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, except for individual studies with varying prevalence rates in different occupations, there are no national prevalence studies conducted in workplace settings in Ethiopia. Appropriate estimation of the problem is essential to formulate health service plans most fitted for workplaces. Hence, this review and meta-analysis intended to estimate the national pooled prevalence of workplace sexual violence in Ethiopia. Methods The databases used were; PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and African Journals Online. For a critical appraisal of the papers, we used the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument for cross-sectional studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using comprehensive meta-analysis and MetaXL software. Descriptive information of studies was presented in narrative form, and quantitative results were presented in forest plots. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were employed to test heterogeneity across studies. A random-effect model computed the pooled estimate prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. Results The pooled prevalence of workplace sexual violence was 22% (95% CI 17%, 28%). The pooled prevalence was 14.1% (95% CI 10.4%, 18.9%) for attempted rape, 8% (95% CI 5.7%, 11.1%) for rape, and 33.2% (95% CI 24.1%, 43.7%) for sexual harassment. The pooled prevalence was the highest among female university staffs 49% (95% CI 45%, 56%), and among commercial sex workers 28% (95% CI 3%, 59%). Conclusions This analysis revealed that the prevalence of sexual violence and sexual harassment in Ethiopian workplaces is high. It was also exceptionally high among female faculty staff, commercial sex workers, and workplaces in Tigray National regional state. Thus, concerned stakeholders must design and implement effective interventions to prevent workplace sexual violence in workplaces in Ethiopia and provide necessary support and care to the victims.

scholarly journals A continuum of executive function deficits in early subcortical vascular cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Kenji Sudo ◽  
Patricia Amado ◽  
Gilberto Sousa Alves ◽  
Jerson Laks ◽  
Eliasz Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment

ABSTRACT. Background. Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment (SVCI) is a clinical continuum of vascular-related cognitive impairment, including Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment (VaMCI) and Vascular Dementia. Deficits in Executive Function (EF) are hallmarks of the disorder, but the best methods to assess this function have yet to be determined. The insidious and almost predictable course of SVCI and the multidimensional concept of EF suggest that a temporal dissociation of impairments in EF domains exists early in the disorder. Objective: This study aims to review and analyze data from the literature about performance of VaMCI patients on the most used EF tests through a meta-analytic approach. Methods: Medline, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO were searched, using the terms: “vascular mild cognitive impairment” OR “vascular cognitive impairment no dementia” OR “vascular mild neurocognitive disorder” AND “dysexecutive” OR “executive function”. Meta-analyses were conducted for each of the selected tests, using random-effect models. Results: Systematic review showed major discrepancies among the results of the studies included. Meta-analyses evidenced poorer performance on the Trail-Making Test part B and the Stroop color test by VaMCI patients compared to controls. Conclusion: A continuum of EF impairments has been proposed in SVCI. Early deficits appear to occur in cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among school children of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamirat Hailegebreil
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Family Size ◽  
School Children ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background: Ethiopia is the second populous countries in Africa where millions of children are affected by malnutrition. Several original works are available online about child malnutrition in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to summarize the existing epidemiological data on undernutrition and possible determinants among school children in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using open access articles which report prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness from PubMed Central, Scopus and Science direct. From 358 articles accessed online, 39 of them were eligible for this meta-analysis. The heterogeneities among studies were evaluated using I2 test and the pooled prevalence was calculated using a random effect model. Results: A total of 24, 716 school children were included in 39 eligible articles for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness among school children in Ethiopia were 23.1% (95% CI: 19.0 - 27.0%) and 22% (95% CI: 17% - 26%), respectively. The risk of stunting was increased among the student with meal frequency ≤ 3 times a day (OR= 3.02, 95% CI: 1.90 - 4.14), age > 10 years (OR= 2.16, 95% CI: 1.47 - 2.85) and family size ≥ 5 (OR= 1.88, 95% CI: 1.40 - 2.35). Similarly, the risk of wasting/thinness was increased with male sex (OR= 2.06, 95% CI: 1.54 - 2.58), low family income (OR= 2.16, 95% CI: 1.30 - 3.01) and age > 10 years (OR= 1.78, 95% CI: 0.74 - 2.82). High heterogeneity about the prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness was observed among studies included in this meta-analysis (I2 > 98.6). Conclusions: This study showed that stunting and wasting/thinness are common nutritional problems in school children in Ethiopia. Large family size, male sex and age above 10 years were consistently associated with stunting and wasting/thinness in children. The finding of this study highlights the importance of new strategies to reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia. Keywords: stunting, wasting, thinness, undernutrition, systematic review, meta-analysis

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Ethiopian Population: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sintayehu Ambachew ◽  
Aklilu Endalamaw ◽  
Belete Biadgo ◽  
Abebaw Worede ◽  
Mulugeta Melku
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background: The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of hyperglycemia/insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and all-cause mortality. The burden of metabolic syndrome is emerging alarmingly in low-and middle income countries like Ethiopia. This is the protocol to determine the pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Ethiopian population.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis will include original articles of observational studies published in the English language. Searches will be carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Africa Journals up to April 2019. A Fixed/Random-effect model will be used to estimate the pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Ethiopia. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I² statistic. Sub-group analysis will also be conducted based on sex, study subjects, and methodological differences. Funnel plots and egger’s and Begg’s test will be used to asses publication bias.Ethics and dissemination: The review is based on published data; therefore, ethical approval is not required. The systematic review and meta-analysis will summarize the existing data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Ethiopian population. This provides the empirical evidence necessary for researchers, policy-makers, and public health stakeholders to derive health-promoting policies, allocate resources, and set priorities for monitoring future trends. The final result will be presented at annual scientific meetings, conferences, and seminars. Moreover, it will also be published in the peer-reviewed reputable journal. We also plan to review every 5 years to provide updated information.Protocol registration number: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018090944)

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