scholarly journals Double Layer Dynamic Game Bidding Mechanism Based on Multi-Agent Technology for Virtual Power Plant and Internal Distributed Energy Resource

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Gao ◽  
Xiaojie Zhou ◽  
Jiafeng Ren ◽  
Xiuna Wang ◽  
Dongwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Agent Technology ◽  
Bidding Strategy ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Multi Agent

As renewable energies become the main direction of global energy development in the future, Virtual Power Plant (VPP) becomes a regional multi-energy aggregation model for large-scale integration of distributed generation into the power grid. It also provides an important way for distributed energy resources (DER) to participate in electricity market transactions. Firstly, the basic concept of VPP is outlined, and various uncertainties within VPP are modeled. Secondly, using multi-agent technology and Stackelberg dynamic game theory, a double-layer nested dynamic game bidding model including VPP and its internal DERs is designed. The lower layer is a bidding game for VPP internal market including DER. VPP is the leader and each DER is a subagent that acts as a follower to maximize its profit. Each subagent uses the particle swarm algorithm (PSA) to determine the optimal offer coefficient, and VPP carries out internal market clearing with the minimum variance of unit profit according to the quoting results. Then, the subagents renew the game to update the bidding strategy based on the outcomes of the external and internal markets. The upper layer is the external market bidding game. The trading center (TC) is the leader and VPP is the agent and the follower. The game is played with the goal of maximum self-interest. The agent uses genetic algorithms to determine the optimal bid strategy, and the TC carries out market clearance with the goal of maximizing social benefits according to the quotation results. Each agent renews the game to update the bidding strategy based on the clearing result and the reporting of the subagents. The dynamic game is repeated until the optimal equilibrium solution is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the model is verified by taking the IEEE30-bus system as an example.

scholarly journals Optimal Dispatch Strategy of Virtual Power Plant for Day-Ahead Market Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3814
Author(s):  
Poushali Pal ◽  
Parvathy Ayalur Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Devabalaji Kaliaperumal Rukmani ◽  
S. Joseph Antony ◽  
Simon Ocheme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Optimal Dispatch ◽  
Market Framework

Renewable energy sources prevail as a clean energy source and their penetration in the power sector is increasing day by day due to the growing concern for climate action. However, the intermittent nature of the renewable energy based-power generation questions the grid security, especially when the utilized source is solar radiation or wind flow. The intermittency of the renewable generation can be met by the integration of distributed energy resources. The virtual power plant (VPP) is a new concept which aggregates the capacities of various distributed energy resources, handles controllable and uncontrollable loads, integrates storage devices and empowers participation as an individual power plant in the electricity market. The VPP as an energy management system (EMS) should optimally dispatch the power to its consumers. This research work is proposed to analyze the optimal scheduling of generation in VPP for the day-ahead market framework using the beetle antenna search (BAS) algorithm under various scenarios. A case study is considered for this analysis in which the constituting energy resources include a photovoltaic solar panel (PV), micro-turbine (MT), wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC), battery energy storage system (BESS) and controllable loads. The real-time hourly load curves are considered in this work. Three different scenarios are considered for the optimal dispatch of generation in the VPP to analyze the performance of the proposed technique. The uncertainties of the solar irradiation and the wind speed are modeled using the beta distribution method and Weibull distribution method, respectively. The performance of the proposed method is compared with other evolutionary algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the genetic algorithm (GA). Among these above-mentioned algorithms, the proposed BAS algorithm shows the best scheduling with the minimum operating cost of generation.

scholarly journals Blockchain-Based Decentralized Energy Management Platform for Residential Distributed Energy Resources in A Virtual Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Qing Yang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Taotao Wang ◽  
Shengli Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Management Platform

The advent of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as distributed renewables, energy storage, electric vehicles, and controllable loads, brings a significantly disruptive and transformational impact on the centralized power system. It is widely accepted that a paradigm shift to a decentralized power system with bidirectional power flow is necessary to the integration of DERs. The virtual power plant (VPP) emerges as a promising paradigm for managing DERs to participate in the power system. In this paper, we develop a blockchain-based VPP energy management platform to facilitate a rich set of transactive energy activities among residential users with renewables, energy storage, and flexible loads in a VPP. Specifically, users can interact with each other to trade energy for mutual benefits and provide network services, such as feed-in energy, reserve, and demand response, through the VPP. To respect the users’ independence and preserve their privacy, we design a decentralized optimization algorithm to optimize the users’ energy scheduling, energy trading, and network services. Then we develop a prototype blockchain network for VPP energy management and implement the proposed algorithm on the blockchain network. By experiments using real-world data trace, we validated the feasibility and e_ectiveness of our algorithm and the blockchain system. The simulation results demonstrate that our blockchain-based VPP energy management platform reduces the users’ cost by up to 38.6% and reduces the overall system cost by 11.2%.

scholarly journals An approach to balance state of charges of distributed batteries in virtual power plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Duc Huu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Virtual Power Plants ◽  
Balance State ◽  
The Difference

Small distributed energy sources could be aggregated to form a virtual power plant (VPP) in order to overall improve technical and market issues. VPPs should be composed of several distributed batteries (DB) to solve the problem of intermittency due to wind and solar. This paper presents an approach to balance state of charge batteries. It is therefore to improve the lifetime of batteries in VPPs. According to the proposed method, the real-time SOC of DB will be tracking on the balancing SOC determined in VPP. During operation, the difference of SOC among DBs will be shrunk and finally the share of exchange power among DB is equal. Moreover, the duration time to achieve the balancing SOC can be determined by adjusting the exponent parameter of SOC in the presented function.

scholarly journals A Case Study on Distributed Energy Resources and Energy-Storage Systems in a Virtual Power Plant Concept: Technical Aspects

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sikorski ◽  
Michal Jasiński ◽  
Edyta Ropuszyńska-Surma ◽  
Magdalena Węglarz ◽  
Dominika Kaczorowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Virtual Power Plant

The article presents calculations and power flow of a real virtual power plant (VPP), containing a fragment of low and medium voltage distribution network. The VPP contains a hydropower plant (HPP), a photovoltaic system (PV) and energy storage system (ESS). The purpose of this article is to summarize the requirements for connection of generating units to the grid. Paper discusses the impact of the requirements on the maximum installed capacity of distributed energy resource (DER) systems and on the parameters of the energy storage unit. Firstly, a comprehensive review of VPP definitions, aims, as well as the characteristics of the investigated case study of the VPP project is presented. Then, requirements related to the regulation, protection and integration of DER and ESS with power systems are discussed. Finally, investigations related to influence of DER and ESS on power network condition are presented. One of the outcomes of the paper is the method of identifying the maximum power capacity of DER and ESS in accordance with technical network requirements. The applied method uses analytic calculations, as well as simulations using Matlab environment, combined with real measurement data. The obtained results allow the influence of the operating conditions of particular DER and ESS on power flow and voltage condition to be identified, the maximum power capacity of ESS intended for the planed VPP to be determined, as well as the influence of power control strategies implemented in a PV power plant on resources available for the planning and control of a VPP to be specified. Technical limitations of the DER and ESS are used as input conditions for the economic simulations presented in the accompanying paper, which is focused on investigations of economic efficiency.

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