Application hybrid GSAPSO Technique for AGC in Inter Connected Power System with Generation Rate Constant

An attempt has been taken in this work to effectively implement the combination of GSA and PSO (hGSA-PSO) technique towards AGC in two-area inter-connected power systems with generation rate constraint (GRC) is considered. For the design and analysis, a initial attempt has been taken to optimize parameters of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in two area non-reheat thermal power system employing GSA and hGSA-PSO algorithm with ITAE objective function. A sensitivity studies carried out for the robustness of the system by changing the operating condition and variation of the parameter and generation rate constant (GRC= ±0.05 and ±0.025) is considered. The performances of the proposed controller has been evaluated with those of some previously published optimization techniques such as GA and BOFA based optimized controller parameters for the same power system. This study of the present work is extended to two area multi sources power system to test the robustness analysis of the system by comparing the hGSA-PSO optimized to PI controller with same structure of system by selecting with and without GRC for showing the dynamic performance analysis of the system in term of settling time and overshoot.

On Controllability for Linear Differential-Algebraic Control Systems Using Equivalent Form

We investigate different concepts related to the controllability of linear constant coefficient differentialalgebraic equations. Concepts like impulse controllability, controllability at infinity, strong and complete controllability are described and defined by using an equivalent form for linear time-invariant singular systems. Some real-life problems are given to illustrate the presented theory.

Overlapping Decentralized Controller Design for Descriptor-type Systems with Distributed Time-delay

Decentralized controller design using overlapping decompositions is considered for descriptor-type systems with distributed time-delay. The approach is based on the principle of extension. In this approach, a given large-scale system is decomposed overlappingly into a number of subsystems and expanded such that the overlapping parts appear as disjoint. A decentralized controller is then designed for the expanded system. This controller is then contracted for implementation on the original system. It is shown that if the decentralized controllers are designed to stabilize the expanded system and to achieve certain performance, then the contracted controller, which would have an overlapping decentralized structure, will stabilize the original system and will achieve corresponding performance

Fully Graph Sensitivity Solution of the Switched Circuits by Two-graph

The most general parameter of the electronic circuit is its sensitivity. Sensitivity analysis helps circuit designers to determine boundaries to predict the variations that a particular design variable will generate in a target specifications, if it differs from what is previously assumed. There are two basic methods for calculating the sensitivity: matrix methods and graph methods. The method described in this article is based on a graph, that contains separate input ad output nodes for each phase. This makes it possible to determine the transmission sensitivity even between partial switching phases. The described fully-graph method is suitable for switched current circuits and switched capacitors circuits, too

Finite-time Stochastic Stability and Stabilization for Uncertain Discrete-time Stochastic Systems with Time-varying Delay

This paper deals with the problems of finite-time stochastic stability and stabilization for discrete-time stochastic systems with parametric uncertainties and time-varying delay. Using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method, some sufficient conditions of finite-time stochastic stability for a class of discrete-time stochastic uncertain systems are established in term of matrix inequalities. Then, a new criterion is proposed to ensure the closed-loop system is finite-time stochastically stable. The controller gain is designed. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

An Optimal Design of a Small Photovoltaic Plant with Cost Minimization based on a Real Database of PV Panels and Inverters

The penetration of renewable energy sources and the development of autonomous power systems for the supply of isolated consumers find applications such as covering energy needs in lighthouses, small islands, monasteries, and even isolated special industrial facilities. Power plant cost is a major limitation in the development of these systems. For example, although the electromechanical cost of photovoltaic plants has been significantly reduced in recent years, however the land cost is not considered, which is a significant expenditure. In this paper, the real problem of an autonomous power station design for the supply of the shoreline electrode substation on the Stachtorroi islet of Attica, is taken as the starting point. The electrode substation is part of the Attica-Crete high voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical interconnection project. For the above problem, an overall evaluation algorithm for a photovoltaic (PV) plant is proposed that considers the technical characteristics of the plant, the installation and operating costs (including land costs in addition to electromechanical costs and efficiency of each of the plants components), as well as the actual commercial data of the individual key elements (PV panels, inverters) of various companies, choosing the optimal system through exhaustive search depending on the required power and the deflated capital reduction interest rate

A Mobile Green Power Source for Emergency and Special Purposes Using Solar and Wind Power

In this project, a mobile, renewable, and versatile generation unit is designed. It utilizes solar and wind energy resources which make it usable in any location. The power source can effectively support emergency situations, such as hurricane, wildfire, earthquake, as well as special events such as remote training. It can provide at least 3.7kW to run multiple tools used during search and rescue situations. Specifically, the unit has seven 5-VDC 2-A DC/USB outlets, two AC 120-V 15-A outlets, and four 6-W LED lights which serve diverse equipment and devices. Its battery system could potentially run on its own for 12 hours when supplying 1kW. The unit is housed in a normally-sized trailer with the total weight of around 10,000 lbs. It is very versatile as it can be towed by any popular truck to diverse locations. Simulation has shown that the unit works properly and all design expectations have been met. The use of this green power source will help save lives while keeping our air clean

Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Band Pass Filters using the Floating Admittance Matrix Method

This article aims to develop a band pass filter's mathematical model using the Floating Admittance Matrix (FAM) method. The use of the conventional methods of analysis based KCL, KVL, Thevenin's, Norton's depends on the type of the particular circuit. The proposed mathematical modeling using the floating admittance matrix method is unique, and the same can be used for all types of circuits. This method uses the partitioning technique for large network. The sum property of all the elements of any row or any column equal to zero provides the assurance to proceed further for analysis or re-observe the very first equation. This saves time and energy. The FAM method presented here is so simple that anybody with slight knowledge of electronics but understating the matrix maneuvering, can analyze any circuit to derive all types of transfer functions. The mathematical modeling using the FAM method provides leverage to the designer to comfortably adjust their design at any stage of analysis. These statements provide compelling reasons for the adoption of the proposed process and demonstrate its benefits

Implementation of a Low Power Boost Converter in-line with a Rectifier for RF Energy Harvesting Application

With the growing requirement of RF coverage, harvesting and management of the associated power along with the conversion of energy into appropriate form is essential. It makes the design of relevant rectifier systems an important aspect. Attainment of a high percentage conversion efficiency (PCE) at lower input power, may not be enough if it is not supported by a DC-DC converter. A boost converter plays a significant role for managing the harvested energy for further utilization. This paper presents a simple, low power, high frequency boost converter for specific target storages or applications. It achieves a peak efficiency of 93% at a very low input power of -12dBm with the use of only two MOSFETs and for smaller value of inductance making the design feasible. Moreover it achieves a very good transient settling time of 5.5μs

Impact of Membrane Resistance on Width and Amplitude of Spikes in Different Injected Currents in One Spiking Neural Model

Neurons in the brain as the elementary processing units and nervous system play a key role. If a neuron gets a proper stimulus, it produces action potentials (spikes) that are transferred along its axon. Reaching the end of the neuron, other neurons or muscle cells may be activated [1]. The effect of neural morphology along with thickness of dendrites and passive electrical parameters on the spikes width and amplitude can be investigated by analytical and numerical investigations of spiking models. The impact of mentioned proper stimulus may be degraded by passing time. In this paper, it is tried to add the effective parameter ’membrane resistance’ in well-known Hodgkin-Huxley model with four dimensions to compare several outputs due to changing resistance and various injected current. The goal of this paper has been to measure spikes changes or even how to determine current threshold when resistance is not constant (non-linear time dependant) result of different factors.