Assessing the Performance of the European Natural Gas Network for Selected Supply Disruption Scenarios Using Open-Source Information

Natural gas covers more than 20% of Europe’s primary energy demand. A potential disruption could lead to supply shortages with severe consequences for the European economy and society. History shows that such a vast and complex network system is prone to exogenous and endogenous disruptions. A dedicated large-scale dataset of the European natural gas network from publicly available information sources is assembled first. The spatial coverage, completeness and resolution allows analyzing the behavior of this geospatial infrastructure network (including consumption) and its components under likely disruptive events, such as earthquakes, and/or technical failures. Using the developed system state simulation engine, the disruption impact is mapped. The results show that storage facilities cannot in all cases compensate for a pipeline disruption. Moreover, critical pipelines, such as the Transitgas pipeline crossing the Alps and the Trans-Mediterranean pipeline bringing natural gas from Northern Africa, are identified. To analyze the pipelines with high impact on the system performance, a detailed scenario analysis using a Monte Carlo simulation resulting in supply grade mapping is conducted and presented for the case of Italy. Overall, it can be concluded that locations with a dead-end, sole supply, and without storage facility nearby, are remarkably exposed to natural gas supply losses.

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Effect of the Implementation of Carbon Capture Systems on the Environmental, Energy and Economic Performance of the Brazilian Electricity Matrix

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12020331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Claudia Sanchez Moore ◽

Luiz Kulay

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Calcium Looping ◽

Primary Energy Demand ◽

Cost Of Energy

This study examined the effect of Carbon Capture and Storage units on the environmental, energy and economic performance of the Brazilian electric grid. Four scenarios were established considering the coupling of Calcium Looping (CaL) processes to capture CO2 emitted from thermoelectric using coal and natural gas: S1: the current condition of the Brazilian grid; S2 and S3: Brazilian grid with CaL applied individually to coal (TEC) and gas (TGN) operated thermoelectric; and S4: CaL is simultaneously coupled to both sources. Global warming potential (GWP) expressed the environmental dimension, Primary Energy Demand (PED) was the energy indicator and Levelised Cost of Energy described the economic range. Attributional Life Cycle Assessment for generation of 1.0 MWh was applied in the analysis. None of the scenarios accumulated the best indexes in all dimensions. Regarding GWP, S4 totals the positive effects of using CaL to reduce CO2 from TEC and TGN, but the CH4 emissions increased due to its energy requirements. As for PED, S1 and S2 are similar and presented higher performances than S3 and S4. The price of natural gas compromises the use of CaL in TGN. A combined verification of the three analysis dimensions, proved that S2 was the best option of the series due to the homogeneity of its indices. The installation of CaL in TECs and TGNs was effective to capture and store CO2 emissions, but the costs of this system should be reduced and its energy efficiency still needs to be improved.

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GIS-based techno-economic optimisation of a regional supply chain for large-scale deployment of bio-SNG in a natural gas network

Applied Energy ◽

10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 250 ◽

pp. 1036-1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alessandro Singlitico ◽

Ian Kilgallon ◽

Jamie Goggins ◽

Rory F.D. Monaghan

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gas Network ◽

Natural Gas Network

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In search of a sustainable hydrogen economy: How a large-scale transition to hydrogen may affect the primary energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.011 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 736-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

J HETLAND ◽

G MULDER

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Large Scale ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Hydrogen Economy ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Scale Transition ◽

Primary Energy Demand

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Analysis of the Role of the Latvian Natural Gas Network for the use of Future Energy Systems: Hydrogen from Res

Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences ◽

10.2478/lpts-2021-0027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 214-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Kleperis ◽

D. Boss ◽

A. Mezulis ◽

L. Zemite ◽

P. Lesnicenoks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Emission Sources ◽

Gas Network ◽

Carbon Neutrality ◽

Natural Gas Network

Abstract As EU is steadily moving in the direction of emission reduction, each country must develop plans to decarbonise the transport and energy sectors. In Latvia, transport sector is one of the biggest emission sources. The heating applications come next. Both require carbon containing fuels and a transfer to carbon neutral fuel is necessary; therefore, hydrogen may be the answer to achieve the overall EU targets. As Latvia has renewable energy sources, some production, storage and use of hydrogen are possible. Currently clear guidelines for Latvia have been investigated. The existing natural gas network may be used for two tasks: large-scale hydrogen transportation and decarbonisation of natural gas network. To open the natural gas networks for hydrogen, the first evaluations are made and a possible scenario for hydrogen implementation in network supplying consumers in the household sector is analysed to evaluate decarbonisation with an overarching goal of carbon neutrality.

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Low Temperature Magnetocaloric Materials for Cryogenic Gas Liquefaction by Magnetic Cooling Technique

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.833.176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 833 ◽

pp. 176-180

Author(s):

Sergey Taskaev ◽

Vladimir Khovaylo ◽

Maxim Ulyanov ◽

Dmitriy Bataev ◽

Ekaterina Danilova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Short Review ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Primary Energy Demand ◽

Magnetic Cooling ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Materials Used

Natural gas is rapidly gaining in geopolitical importance. Gas has grown from a marginal fuel in regionally disconnected markets to an energy source that is transported across great distances for consumption in many different economic sectors. Natural gas is the fuel of choice for consumers seeking for relatively low environmental impacts. As a result, the world’s gas consumption is projected to more than double over the next three decades, rising from 23 – 28 % of the total primary energy demand by 2030 and surpassing coal as the world's number two energy source and potentially overtaking oil's share in many large industrialized economies. This paper is devoted to a short review of materials used in the novel approach to natural gas liquefaction – magnetic cooling process.

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