scholarly journals Impacts of Initial Sugar, Nitrogen and Calcium Carbonate on Butanol Fermentation from Sugarcane Molasses by Clostridium beijerinckii

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patthranit Narueworanon ◽  
Lakkana Laopaiboon ◽  
Niphaphat Phukoetphim ◽  
Pattana Laopaiboon

Low-cost nitrogen sources, i.e., dried spent yeast (DSY), rice bran (RB), soybean meal (SM), urea and ammonium sulfate were used for batch butanol fermentation from sugarcane molasses by Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461 under anaerobic conditions. Among these five low-cost nitrogen sources, DSY at 1.53 g/L (nitrogen content equal to that of 1 g/L of yeast extract) was found to be the most suitable. At an initial sugar level of 60 g/L, the maximum butanol concentration (PB), productivity (QB) and yield (YB/S) were 11.19 g/L, 0.23 g/L·h and 0.31 g/g, respectively. To improve the butanol production, the concentrations of initial sugar, DSY and calcium carbonate were varied using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design. It was found that the optimal conditions for high butanol production were initial sugar, 50 g/L; DSY, 6 g/L and calcium carbonate, 6.6 g/L. Under these conditions, the highest experimental PB, QB and YB/S values were 11.38 g/L, 0.32 g/L·h and 0.40 g/g, respectively with 50% sugar consumption (SC). The PB with neither DSY nor CaCO3 was only 8.53 g/L. When an in situ gas stripping system was connected to the fermenter to remove butanol produced during the fermentation, the PB was increased to 15.33 g/L, whereas the YB/S (0.39 g/g) was not changed. However, the QB was decreased to 0.21 g/L·h with 75% SC.

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Xue ◽  
Jingbo Zhao ◽  
Fangfang Liu ◽  
Congcong Lu ◽  
Shang-Tian Yang ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Santos F. Ponce ◽  
João Moreira Neto ◽  
Sérgio Santos De Jesus ◽  
Júlio César de Carvalho Miranda ◽  
Rubens Maciel Filho ◽  
...  

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Patthranit Narueworanon ◽  
Lakkana Laopaiboon ◽  
Pattana Laopaiboon

Immobilized Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461 was used to enhance the butanol production efficiency from sugarcane molasses. Lotus stalk (LS) pieces were used as carriers for cell immobilization. Sugarcane molasses containing 50 g/L of sugar supplemented with 1 g/L of yeast extract was found to be an appropriate medium for bacterial cell immobilization on the LS pieces. Carrier size (4, 12 and 20 mm in length) and carrier loading (1:15, 1:30 and 1:45, w/v) were optimized for high levels of butanol production using response surface methodology (RSM). The batch fermentation was carried out under anaerobic conditions in 1 L screw-capped bottles at 37 °C and an agitation rate of 150 rpm. It was found that the optimum conditions for the butanol production were the carrier size of 4 mm and carrier loading of 1:31 (w/v). Under these conditions, the butanol concentration (PB) was 12.89 g/L, corresponding to the butanol productivity (QB) of 0.36 g/L∙h and butanol yield (YB/S) of 0.36 g/g. These values were higher than those using free cells (PB, 10.20 g/L, QB, 0.28 g/L∙h and YB/S, 0.32 g/g). In addition, it was found that a 24 h incubation time for cell immobilization was appropriate for the immobilization process, which was confirmed by the results of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and specific surface area measurement. When the fermentation using the immobilized cells was carried out in a stirred-tank reactor (STR), column reactor (CR) and CR coupled with STR, the results showed that all reactors could be used to produce butanol production from the immobilized cells on LS pieces. However, the PB using CR and CR coupled with STR were only 75% and 45% of those using the screw-capped bottle and STR.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084
Author(s):  
Doo-Geun Lee ◽  
Jong-Min Jeon ◽  
Yung-Hun Yang ◽  
Yong-Su Jin ◽  
Jeong-Jun Yoon

Author(s):  
S. Q. Xiao ◽  
S. Baden ◽  
A. H. Heuer

The avian eggshell is one of the most rapidly mineralizing biological systems known. In situ, 5g of calcium carbonate are crystallized in less than 20 hrs to fabricate the shell. Although there have been much work about the formation of eggshells, controversy about the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the calcite crystals, and their texture in the eggshell, still remain unclear. In this report the microstructure and microchemistry of avian eggshells have been analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Fresh white and dry brown eggshells were broken and fixed in Karnosky's fixative (kaltitanden) for 2 hrs, then rinsed in distilled H2O. Small speckles of the eggshells were embedded in Spurr medium and thin sections were made ultramicrotome.The crystalline part of eggshells are composed of many small plate-like calcite grains, whose plate normals are approximately parallel to the shell surface. The sizes of the grains are about 0.3×0.3×1 μm3 (Fig.l). These grains are not as closely packed as man-made polycrystalline metals and ceramics, and small gaps between adjacent grains are visible indicating the absence of conventional grain boundaries.


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