scholarly journals Load Curtailment Optimization Using the PSO Algorithm for Enhancing the Reliability of Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3236
Author(s):  
Laura M. Cruz ◽  
David L. Alvarez ◽  
Ameena S. Al-Sumaiti ◽  
Sergio Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Short Processing Time ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Load Curtailment

Power systems are susceptible to disturbances due to their nature. These disturbances can cause overloads or even contingencies of greater impact. In case of an extreme situation, load curtailment is considered the last resort for reducing the contingency impact, its activation being necessary to avoid the collapse of the system. However, load shedding systems seldom work optimally and cause either excessive or insufficient reduction of the load. To resolve this issue, the present paper proposes a methodology to enhance the load curtailment management in medium voltage distribution systems using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This optimization seeks to minimize the amount of load to be cut off. Restrictions on the optimization problem consist of the security operation margins of both loading and voltage of the system elements. Heuristic optimization algorithms were chosen, since they are considered an online basis (allowing a short processing time) to solve the formulated load curtailment optimization problem. Best performances regarding optimal value and processing time were obtained using a PSO algorithm, qualifying the technique as the most appropriate for this study. To assess the methodology, the CIGRE MV distribution network benchmark was used, assuming dynamic load profiles during an entire week. Results show that it is possible to determine the optimal unattended power of the system. This way, improvements in the minimization of the expected energy not supplied (ENS) as well as the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIDI) at specific hours of the day were made.

Planning of Distribution System with High Penetration Level for Distributed Generation in Smart Grid

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Tajik
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
High Penetration

Nowadays, the utilization of renewable energy resources in distribution systems (DSs) has been rapidly increased. Since distribution generation (DG) use renewable resources (i.e., biomass, wind and solar) are emerging as proper solutions for electricity generation. Regarding the tremendous deployment of DG, common distribution networks are undergoing a transition to DSs, and the common planning methods have become traditional in the high penetration level. Indeed, in conformity with the voltage violation challenge of these resources, this problem must be dealt with too. So, due to the high penetration of DG resources and nonlinear nature of most industrial loads, the planning of DG installation has become an important issue in power systems. The goal of this paper is to determine the planning of DG in distribution systems through smart grid to minimize losses and control grid factors. In this regard, the present work intending to propose a suitable method for the planning of DSs, the key properties of DS planning problem are evaluated from the various aspects, such as the allocation of DGs, and planning, and high-level uncertainties. Also depending on these analyses, this universal literature review addressed the updated study associated with DS planning. In this work, an operational design has been prepared for a higher performance of the power distribution system in the presence of DG. Artificial neural network (ANN) has been used as a method for voltage monitoring and generation output optimization. The findings of the study show that the proposed method can be utilized as a technique to improve the process of the distribution system under various penetration levels and in the presence of DG. Also, the findings revealed that the optimal use of ANN method leads to more controllable and apparent DS.

scholarly journals Scenario-Based Network Reconfiguration and Renewable Energy Resources Integration in Large-Scale Distribution Systems Considering Parameters Uncertainty

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ziad M. Ali ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed Diaaeldin ◽  
Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem ◽  
Ahmed El-Rafei ◽  
Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
Power Loss Reduction

Renewable energy integration has been recently promoted by many countries as a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. In many research works, the optimal allocation of distributed generations (DGs) has been modeled mathematically as a DG injecting power without considering its intermittent nature. In this work, a novel probabilistic bilevel multi-objective nonlinear programming optimization problem is formulated to maximize the penetration of renewable distributed generations via distribution network reconfiguration while ensuring the thermal line and voltage limits. Moreover, solar, wind, and load uncertainties are considered in this paper to provide a more realistic mathematical programming model for the optimization problem under study. Case studies are conducted on the 16-, 59-, 69-, 83-, 415-, and 880-node distribution networks, where the 59- and 83-node distribution networks are real distribution networks in Cairo and Taiwan, respectively. The obtained results validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach in maximizing the hosting capacity of DGs and power loss reduction by greater than 17% and 74%, respectively, for the studied distribution networks.

scholarly journals Impacts of the Inclusion of Distributed Generation on Congestion of Distribution Networks and in the Islanding Operation Capability

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Jose David Beltrán Gallego ◽  
Leidy Daniela Castro Montilla ◽  
Alexandra Castro Valencia ◽  
Camilo Augusto Giraldo Muñoz ◽  
Dahiana López García
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Islanding Operation ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
The Impact

The growing demand for electricity in the world has led to power systems having to constantly increase their generation capacity and expand their transmission and distribution systems. Consequently, distributed generation has positioned as a technology able to integrate generation close to consumption centers, freeing up capacity in the transport systems, which can be translated into a deferral of investments in network expansion. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of the inclusion of distributed generation in the congestion of a typical distribution network and evaluates the potential of providing the island operation capability ancillary service in a section of the system to identify the possible challenges and benefits that the development of this technical support service could have in typical Colombian distribution networks.

scholarly journals A Review of methodologies for Fault Location Techniques in Distribution Power System

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abbas ◽  
Mazyed Al-Tak
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Test System ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Location Methods ◽  
The Impact

Since recent societies become more hooked into electricity, a higher level of power supply continuity is required from power systems. The expansion of those systems makes them liable to electrical faults and several failures are raised due to totally different causes, like the lightning strike, power system element failure caused by mechanical aging as well as human mistakes. These conditions impact the stability of the power as well as lead to costly maintenance and loss of output. This article examines the latest technologies and strategies to determine the location of faults in medium voltage distribution systems. The aim is to classify and assess different strategies in order to determine the best recommended models in practice or for further improvement. Several ways to locate failures in distribution networks have therefore been established. Because faults are unpredictable, quick fault location as well as isolating are necessary to reduce the impact of faults in distribution networks as well as removing the emergency condition from the entire system. This study also includes a comprehensive evaluation of several defect location methods depending on the algorithm employed, the input, the test system, the characteristics retrieved, and the degree of complexity. In order to gain further insight into the strengths and limitations of each method and also comparative analysis is carried out. Then the main problems of the fault location methods in distribution network are briefly expounded

scholarly journals Optimal Operational Scheduling of Reconfigurable Microgrids in Presence of Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Yaprakdal ◽  
Mustafa Baysal ◽  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Dispatch

Passive distribution networks are being converted into active ones by incorporating distributed means of energy generation, consumption, and storage, and the formation of so-called microgrids (MGs). As the next generation of MGs, reconfigurable microgrids (RMGs) are still in early phase studies, and require further research. RMGs facilitate the integration of distributed generators (DGs) into distribution systems and enable a reconfigurable network topology by the help of remote-controlled switches (RCSs). This paper proposes a day-ahead operational scheduling framework for RMGs by simultaneously making an optimal reconfiguration plan and dispatching controllable distributed generation units (DGUs) considering power loss minimization as an objective. A hybrid approach combining conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) and selective PSO (SPSO) methods (PSO&SPSO) is suggested for solving this combinatorial, non-linear, and NP-hard complex optimization problem. PSO-based methods are primarily considered here for our optimization problem, since they are efficient for power system optimization problems, easy to code, have a faster convergence rate, and have a substructure that is suitable for parallel calculation rather than other optimization methods. In order to evaluate the suggested method’s performance, it is applied to an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system that is considered as an RMG. One-hour resolution of the simultaneous network reconfiguration (NR) and the optimal dispatch (OD) of distributed DGs are carried out prior to this main study in order to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach by comparing relevant recent studies in the literature.

scholarly journals A Chronological Literature Review of Electric Vehicle Interactions with Power Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3016
Author(s):  
Andrés Arias-Londoño ◽  
Oscar Danilo Montoya ◽  
Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Vehicle To Grid

In the last decade, the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) has been largely promoted. This development has increased challenges in the power systems in the context of planning and operation due to the massive amount of recharge needed for EVs. Furthermore, EVs may also offer new opportunities and can be used to support the grid to provide auxiliary services. In this regard, and considering the research around EVs and power grids, this paper presents a chronological background review of EVs and their interactions with power systems, particularly electric distribution networks, considering publications from the IEEE Xplore database. The review is extended from 1973 to 2019 and is developed via systematic classification using key categories that describe the types of interactions between EVs and power grids. These interactions are in the framework of the power quality, study of scenarios, electricity markets, demand response, demand management, power system stability, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept, and optimal location of battery swap and charging stations.

scholarly journals Applying Hybrid PSO to Optimize Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination in Variable Network Topologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Ta Yang ◽  
An Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Constrained Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Test System ◽  
Dial Setting ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
Network Topologies

In power systems, determining the values of time dial setting (TDS) and the plug setting (PS) for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is an extremely constrained optimization problem that has been previously described and solved as a nonlinear programming problem. Optimization coordination problems of near-end faults and far-end faults occurring simultaneously in circuits with various topologies, including fixed and variable network topologies, are considered in this study. The aim of this study was to apply the Nelder-Mead (NM) simplex search method and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to solve this optimization problem. The proposed NM-PSO method has the advantage of NM algorithm, with a quicker movement toward optimal solution, as well as the advantage of PSO algorithm in the ability to obtain globally optimal solution. Neither a conventional PSO nor the proposed NM-PSO method is capable of dealing with constrained optimization problems. Therefore, we use the gradient-based repair method embedded in a conventional PSO and the proposed NM-PSO. This study used an IEEE 8-bus test system as a case study to compare the convergence performance of the proposed NM-PSO method and a conventional PSO approach. The results demonstrate that a robust and optimal solution can be obtained efficiently by implementing the proposal.

scholarly journals Power flow in radial distribution systems in the presence of harmonics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Milovanović ◽  
Jordan Radosavljević ◽  
Bojan Perović ◽  
Milorad Dragičević
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Flow Problem ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Harmonic Power ◽  
Power Flow Problem

This paper presents the results of power flow calculations in the presence of harmonics in radial distribution systemsobtained using the decoupled harmonic power flow (DHPF) algorithm. In this algorithm, the interaction among the harmonicfrequencies is assumed to be negligible and hence the calculations are separately performed for every harmonic order of interest. Adetailed methodology for calculating current and voltage high order harmonics, harmonic losses and total harmonic distortion ofvoltage of the electrical distribution networks in the frequency domain is presented. The standard backward/forward sweep method isused for solving the power flow problem at the fundamental frequency. Furthermore, some practical and approximated models ofnetwork components in harmonic analysis are given. The performance of the DHPF approach is studied and evaluated on two standardtest systems with nonlinear loads, the distorted IEEE 18-bus and IEEE 33-bus. Nonlinear loads are treated as harmonic current sourcesthat inject harmonic currents into the system. The DHPF algorithm is verified by comparing its results with those generated bysoftware tools for the analysis of transmission, distribution and industrial power systems (i.g. ETAP and PCFLO). Simulation resultsshow the accuracy and efficiency of the applied procedure for solving the harmonic power flow problem.

scholarly journals Modeling and Validation of a Directional Overcurrent Relay as an Island Interconnection Device

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wandry R. Faria ◽  
Jonas V. Souza ◽  
Rodrigo B. Otto ◽  
Benvindo R. Pereira Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Test System ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Overcurrent Relay

The growing number of decentralized generators in the distribution systems and the consequent increase in the penetration level in the networks have prompted the inclusion of this scenario in researches involving the planning of electrical power systems. The planning of protection systems for distribution networks considering distributed generators requires adaptations in the approach due to modifications in characteristics of the network, such as passivity and unidirectional power flow. Furthermore, the insertion of generators in distribution networks allows the implementation of new operation methods, such as the possibility of disconnecting some loads from the main feeder and supplying them through distributed generators. The island operation can improve the service continuity indexes, as well as reduce the costs of non-supplied energy. Although the island operation is widely proposed in the literature as a means to improve the system's reliability, the simulation of a protective device to intentionally island a region and the verification of its limitations is not. In this paper, we present the modeling of a directional overcurrent relay through ATP-EMTP, and its employment as a device for island interconnection, analyzing its zone of non-operation. CIGRE 14-bus test system is used to conduct short-circuit tests with the variation of resistance and type of fault applied. Theresults show the effectiveness of the device, which is able to identify all faults with real impact on the network, placing the region in island operation in less than 20 ms.

scholarly journals Assessment by Simulation of Different Topological Integration of Solar Photovoltaic Plant in Medium Voltage Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Milon Uddin ◽  
Mushfiqur Rahman ◽  
Md. Tanzid Ridwan Hossain ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant

Fossil fuels are diminishing day by day and are being utilized for various purposes like transportation, electricity generation, cooking and other uses which emits harmful gases. Global warming is increasing due to greenhouse gases. Sunlight is abundant compared to fossil fuels. Photovoltaic (PV) power plant could be one of the best techniques to lessen using of fossil fuels. Effect of different topological integration of solar photovoltaic plant in medium voltage distribution network had been analyzed in this research. Analysis had been done based on 1. loadability (capability of an electrical grid to run the connected load) 2. maximum power input. Fractioning (a way of splitting the total photovoltaic power generation into different size and number of plant) generation effect of PV generators in distribution systems had been found by a comparative study. Results show that change in loadability was due to placement and fraction of solar power plant in various buses. In addition, maximum input power of PV system varied with the placement of generation units among picked buses. Interaction among PV systems, and induction machine had been carried out and the result shows that interaction among PV and induction machine was different in terms of loadability because of fractioning. It had been found that change of loadability occurred due to fractioning and distribution of photovoltaic systems on different types of designed topology.

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