scholarly journals Jump Linear Quadratic Control for Microgrids with Commercial Loads

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4997
Author(s):  
Maryam Khanbaghi ◽  
Aleksandar Zecevic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Local Generation

Due to the aging power-grid infrastructure and increased usage of renewable energies, microgrids (μGrids) have emerged as a promising paradigm. It is reasonable to expect that they will become one of the fundamental building blocks of a smart grid, since effective energy transfer and coordination of μGrids could help maintain the stability and reliability of the regional large-scale power-grid. From the control perspective, one of the key objectives of μGrids is load management using local generation and storage for optimized performance. Accomplishing this task can be challenging, however, particularly in situations where local generation is unpredictable both in quality and in availability. This paper proposes to address that problem by developing a new optimal energy management scheme, which meets the requirements of supply and demand. The method that will be described in the following models μGrids as a stochastic hybrid dynamic system. Jump linear theory is used to maximize storage and renewable energy usage, and Markov chain theory is applied to model the intermittent generation of renewable energy based on real data. Although the model itself is quite general, we will focus exclusively on solar energy, and will define the performance measure accordingly. We will demonstrate that the optimal solution in this case is a state feedback law with a piecewise constant gain. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of such an approach.

scholarly journals Transmission Line Congestion Management for Large-scale Renewable Energy Access to Power Grid with DSM

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 ◽  
pp. 072037
Author(s):  
Zhengfu Liu ◽  
Qifu Lu ◽  
Xiangyu Kong ◽  
Hongxing Wang ◽  
Chao Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Energy Access

scholarly journals A Study on Optimal Power System Reinforcement Measures Following Renewable Energy Expansion

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5929
Author(s):  
Hyuk-Il Kwon ◽  
Yun-Sung Cho ◽  
Sang-Min Choi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reinforcement Measures

Renewable energy generation capacity in Korea is expected to reach about 63.8 GW by 2030 based on calculations using values from a power plan survey (Korea’s renewable energy power generation project plan implemented in September 2017) and the “3020” implementation plan prescribed in the 8th Basic Plan for Long-Term Electricity Supply and Demand that was announced in 2017. In order for the electrical grid to accommodate this capacity, an appropriate power system reinforcement plan is critical. In this paper, a variety of scenarios are constructed involving renewable energy capacity, interconnection measures and reinforcement measures. Based on these scenarios, the impacts of large-scale renewable energy connections on the future power systems are analyzed and a reinforcement plan is proposed based on the system assessment results. First, the scenarios are categorized according to their renewable energy interconnection capacity and electricity supply and demand, from which a database is established. A dynamic model based on inverter-based resources is applied to the scenarios here. The transmission lines, high-voltage direct current and flexible alternating current transmission systems are reinforced to increase the stability and capabilities of the power systems considered here. Reinforcement measures are derived for each stage of renewable penetration based on static and dynamic analysis processes. As a result, when large-scale renewable energy has penetrated some areas in the future in Korean power systems, the most stable systems could be optimally configured by applying interconnection measure two and reinforcement measure two as described here. To verify the performance of the proposed methodology, in this paper, comprehensive tests are performed based on predicted large-scale power systems in 2026 and 2031. Database creation and simulation are performed semi-automatically here using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) and Python.

scholarly journals The Practice and Potential of Renewable Energy Localisation: Results from a UK Field Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Boait ◽  
J. Richard Snape ◽  
Robin Morris ◽  
Jo Hamilton ◽  
Sarah Darby
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Regular User ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Local Generation

The adaptation of electricity demand to match the non-despatchable nature of renewable generation is one of the key challenges of the energy transition. We describe a UK field trial in 48 homes of an approach to this problem aimed at directly matching local supply and demand. This combined a community-based business model with social engagement and demand response technology employing both thermal and electrical energy storage. A proportion of these homes (14) were equipped with rooftop photovoltaics (PV) amounting to a total of 45 kWp; the business model enabled the remaining 34 homes to consume the electricity exported from the PV-equipped dwellings at a favourably low tariff in the context of a time-of-day tariff scheme. We report on the useful financial return achieved by all participants, their overall experience of the trial, and the proportion of local generation consumed locally. The energy storage devices were controlled, with user oversight, to respond automatically to signals indicating the availability of low cost electricity either from the photovoltaics or the time of day grid tariff. A substantial response was observed in the resulting demand profile from these controls, less so from demand scheduling methods which required regular user configuration. Finally results are reported from a follow-up fully commercial implementation of the concept showing the viability of the business model. We conclude that the sustainability of the transition to renewable energy can be strengthened with a community-oriented approach as demonstrated in the trial that supports users through technological change and improves return on investment by matching local generation and consumption.

Short-Term Forecast and Error Analysis of Wind Power Based on Weight Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Qin ◽  
Shan Song ◽  
Bin Shi ◽  
Zhen Jian Xie ◽  
Li Wei Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Forecast ◽  
Term Forecast ◽  
Weight Factors

For power grid with large-scale wind energy, the short-term wind power prediction is important to the grid’s scheduling and stable operating. The overall short-term forecast for wind power connected to the grid relies on the wind velocity and historical power data. Firstly, K-means clustering is introduced to model the power grid, so that the relationship between wind velocity and power can be perfectly described. Considering that there are multiple factors contributing to the prediction of wind velocity and power, we use real data of 15 wind generating set to obtain dependable weight factors of all those dimensions. With the support of mass data, the prediction of power is proved by several measurements (ME, MRE, MAE, RMSE) to be accurate.

scholarly journals Optimization of energy storage and system flexibility in the context of the energy transition: Germany’s power grid as a case study

BMC Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo K. K. Maia ◽  
Edwin Zondervan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Phase Out

AbstractIn this work we explore the ramifications of incoming changes brought by the energy transition, most notably the increased penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) and phase-out of nuclear and other conventional electricity sources. The power grid will require additional flexibility capabilities to accommodate such changes, as the mismatch between generation and demand is bound to increase. Through mathematical modeling and optimization, we simulate the German power grid and investigate the requirements of on-grid large-scale storage. Different scenarios are evaluated up to 2050, when 80% of the gross electricity consumption is planned to be provided by renewable energy. Dispatchable power plants will play a key role in the transition to an energy mix with high shares of VRE. Around 120 GW of additional large-scale storage are required until 2050. Between the electrochemical technologies evaluated, lithium-ion was the best candidate. A strong reliance on dispatchables was observed, in case the commissioning of VRE plants goes slower than planned. Energy curtailment increases with VRE shares, with up to 14 TWh curtailed in high VRE scenarios in 2050.

scholarly journals Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gorjão ◽  
Richard Jumar ◽  
Heiko Maass ◽  
Veit Hagenmeyer ◽  
G. Cigdem Yalcin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System

Abstract The electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community. Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances. However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly. Here, we analyse an open data base of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents. The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences. We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law. Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour. Overall, the presented open data base and analyses may constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.

Study of Economical Operation of Power Grid Considering the Integration of Large-scale Renewable Energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3847-3851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhe ◽  
Wu Naihu ◽  
Zhang Dandan ◽  
Zeng Ming ◽  
Duan Kaiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Grid
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