scholarly journals Exergy Evaluation of a Water Distribution System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6221
Author(s):  
Jedrzej Bylka ◽  
Tomasz Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System

The water supply system is one of the most important elements in a city. Currently, many cities struggle with a water deficit problem. Water is a commonly available resource and constitutes the majority of land cover; however, its quality, in many cases, makes it impossible to use as drinking water. To treat and distribute water, it is necessary to supply a certain amount of energy to the system. An important goal of water utility operators is to assess the energy efficiency of the processes and components. Energy assessments are usually limited to the calculation of energy dissipation (sometimes called “energy loss”). From a physical point of view, the formulation of “energy loss” is incorrect; energy in water transport systems is not consumed but only transformed (dissipated) into other, less usable forms. In the water supply process, the quality of energy—exergy (ability to convert into another form)—is consumed; hence, a new evaluation approach is needed. The motivation for this study was the fact that there are no tools for exergy evaluation of water distribution systems. A model of the exergy balances for a water distribution system was proposed, which was tested for the selected case studies of a water supply system and a water treatment station. The tool developed allows us to identify the places with the highest exergy destructions. In the analysed case studies, the highest exergy destruction results from excess pressure (3939 kWh in a water supply system and 1082 kWh in a water treatment plant). The exergy analysis is more accurate for assessing the system compared to the commonly used energy-based methods. The result can be used for assessing and planning water supply system modernisation.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Rural Water Supply System Using Loop 4.0 and Water Gems V8i for Nava Shihora Zone 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2258-2266
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Rural Water

The study presents the hydraulic design and analysis of Rural Water Distribution System (WDS) for Nava shihora region of zone 1 of the state of Gujarat, India. Water supply distribution system is designed for this study for population estimated for future 30 years. LOOP 4.0 and Water Gems v8i software have been used and the results are compared to determine the economical size of pipes for water distribution system. The economical size of pipes of water supply distribution system is designed by considering the constraints; residual pressure at each node, velocity of flow in pipe, head loos in pipes, material of pipes, elevated service reservoir level, peak factor and available commercial pipe diameters. Further water distribution system has been analyzed for extended period simulation (EPS) for the present population scenario for intermittent water supply using Water Gems v8i. Further water supply system is analyzed the residual chlorine concentration at nodes and in the pipe links and also the total cost of water supply system of rural region is estimated.

scholarly journals Risk management of water distribution system in Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05020
Author(s):  
Artur Khachatryan ◽  
Emil Khachatryan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Magnitude

Risks in the water distribution system in the Armenian village of Noratus, have been assessed and treated following a risk management study based on the ISO 31 000:2009 standards, but extended for a strategic and long term level of analysis. The main goal is to ensure the safety of the whole water supply system. The brief description of the region as well as the current condition of the water supply system is given in order to clarify system features. The risk management here presented approach is now implemented in the Noratus network. Simulation have been performed using the AWARE-P software platform with the purpose of identifying critical components in the network and the asset probability of structural failure, as inputs for risk quantification. Then the risk magnitude is evaluated with the introduction of risk matrix. The phases of risk estimation and treatment are also carried out to propose the solutions for risk level reduction.

Functional Reliability Analysis of Post-Earthquake Water Supply System

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 1551-1554
Author(s):  
Shuang Hua He
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
First Order Second Moment ◽  
Functional Reliability ◽  
Dependent Demand

Conventional demand-driven models of water supply system are formulated under the assumption that nodal demands are statistic constants, which is not suitable for the cases where nodal pressure is not sufficient for supplying the required demand. An efficient approach for pressure-dependent demand analysis was developed to simulate the hydraulic states of the network for low pressure scenarios, and the mean-first-order-second-moment method was introduced to do the functional reliability analysis of post-earthquake water supply system, which can be applied to further study for seismic performance control analysis of water distribution system.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation Planning of Water Distribution neTwork through a Reliability – Based Risk Assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna D'Ercole ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
Gema Raspati ◽  
Paolo Bertola ◽  
Rita Maria Ugarelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Support Tool

The management of existing water distribution system (WDS) is challenged by ageing of infrastructure, population growth, increasing of urbanization, climate change impacts and environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need for integrated solutions that support decision makers to plan today, while taking into account the effect of these factors in the mid and long term. The paper is part of a more comprehensive project, where advanced hydraulic analysis for WDS is coupled with a dynamic resources input-output analysis model. The proposed modeling solution can be used to optimize the performance of a water supply system while considering also the energy consumption and consequently the environmental impacts. Therefore, as a support tool in the management of a water supply system also in the intervention planning. Here a possible application is presented for rehabilitation/replacement planning while maximizing the network mechanical reliability and minimizing risk of unsupplied demand and pressure deficit, under given economic constraints.

scholarly journals Optimal reconstruction of historical water supply to a distribution system: B. Applications

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Aral ◽  
J. Guan ◽  
M. L. Maslia ◽  
J. B. Sautner ◽  
R. E. Gillig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Toxic Substances

In a recently completed case-control epidemiological study, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS) with support from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) documented an association between prenatal exposure to a specific contaminated community water source and leukaemia in female children. An important and necessary step in the epidemiological study was the reconstruction of the historical water supply strategy of the water distribution system serving the Dover Township area, New Jersey. The sensitivity of solutions to: (1) pressure and pattern factor constraints, (2) allowable operational extremes of water levels in the storage tanks, and (3) the non-uniqueness of the water supply solution are analysed in detail. The computational results show that the proposed approach yields satisfactory results for the complete set of monthly simulations and sensitivity analyses, providing a consistent approach for identifying the historical water supply strategy of the water distribution system. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the alternative strategy obtained from the revised objective function and the variation of constraints did not yield significantly different water supply characteristics. The overall analysis demonstrates that the progressive optimality genetic algorithm (POGA) developed to solve the optimization problem is an effective and efficient algorithm for the reconstruction of water supply strategies in water distribution systems.

scholarly journals Management of water distribution systems in PDA conditions using isolation valves: case studies of real networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fiorini Morosini ◽  
O. Caruso ◽  
P. Veltri
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
System Management ◽  
System Control

Abstract The current paper reports on a case study investigating water distribution system management in emergency conditions when it is necessary to seal off a zone with isolation valves to allow repair. In these conditions, the pressure-driven analysis (PDA) is considered to be the most efficient approach for the analysis of a water distribution network (WDN), as it takes into account whether the head in a node is adequate to ensure service. The topics of this paper are innovative because, until now, previous approaches were based on the analysis of the network behaviour in normal conditions. In emergency conditions, it is possible to measure the reliable functioning of the system by defining an objective function (OF) that helps to choose the optimal number of additional valves in order to obtain adequate system control. The OF takes into account the new network topology by excluding the zone where the broken pipe is located. The results show that the solution did not improve significantly when the number of valves reached a threshold. The procedure applied to other real case studies seems to confirm the efficiency of the methodology even if further examination of other cases in different conditions is necessary.

scholarly journals Promoting equitable water distribution system from Melamchi Water Supply Project in Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2964-2970
Author(s):  
D. P. Ayadi ◽  
A. Rai ◽  
A. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Key Issues

Abstract The effective and efficient supply of drinking water resources are key to its long-term use and access. In recent decades, the population of Kathmandu Valley has exploded owing to several factors. The water supply system here has also undergone remarkable changes and efforts have been made to enhance its equitable distribution. The major effort, of course, is the Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP). As the project approaches completion of its first phase, we would like to point out several key issues for the water distribution system here and express our opinions on promoting equitable water distribution. For this we conducted a thorough literature review and found that improvement in the water distribution network and water tariff in the valley, along with promotion of alternative mitigation options, are the focal issues for promoting an equitable water distribution system in Kathmandu Valley.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation Planning of Water Distribution Network through a Reliability – Based Risk Assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna D'Ercole ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
Gema Raspati ◽  
Paolo Bertola ◽  
Rita Maria Ugarelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Support Tool

The management of existing water distribution system (WDS) is challenged by ageing of infrastructure, population growth, increasing of urbanization, climate change impacts and environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need for integrated solutions that support decision makers to plan today, while taking into account the effect of these factors in the mid and long term. The paper is part of a more comprehensive project, where advanced hydraulic analysis for WDS is coupled with a dynamic resources input-output analysis model. The proposed modeling solution can be used to optimize the performance of a water supply system while considering also the energy consumption and consequently the environmental impacts. Therefore, as a support tool in the management of a water supply system also in the intervention planning. Here a possible application is presented for rehabilitation/replacement planning while maximizing the network mechanical reliability and minimizing risk of unsupplied demand and pressure deficit, under given economic constraints.

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