Approach to Define the Reliability of Safety-Related Machine Learning Based Functions in Highly Automated Driving

Current standards cannot cover the safety requirements of machine learning based functions used in highly automated driving. Because of the opacity of neural networks, some self-driving functions cannot be developed following the V-model. These functions require the expansion of the standards. This paper focuses on this gap and defines functional reliability for such functions to help the future standards control the quality of machine learning based functions. As an example, reliability functions for pedestrian detection are built. Since the quality criteria in computer vision do not consider safety, new approaches for expression and evaluation of this reliability are designed.

The Sine Modified Lindley Distribution

The paper contributes majorly in the development of a flexible trigonometric extension of the well-known modified Lindley distribution. More precisely, we use features from the sine generalized family of distributions to create an original one-parameter survival distribution, called the sine modified Lindley distribution. As the main motivational fact, it provides an attractive alternative to the Lindley and modified Lindley distributions; it may be better able to model lifetime phenomena presenting data of leptokurtic nature. In the first part of the paper, we introduce it conceptually and discuss its key characteristics, such as functional, reliability, and moment analysis. Then, an applied study is conducted. The usefulness, applicability, and agility of the sine modified Lindley distribution are illustrated through a detailed study using simulation. Two real data sets from the engineering and climate sectors are analyzed. As a result, the sine modified Lindley model is proven to have a superior match to important models, such as the Lindley, modified Lindley, sine exponential, and sine Lindley models, based on goodness-of-fit criteria of importance.

Psychology of Professional Activity: Psychophysiological and Psycho-Pedagogical Directions of Research (On the 90-Th Anniversary of the Birth of V. A. Bodrov)

The article presents the key ideas and the main results of the psychophysiological and psycho-pedagogical studies in the psychology of professional activity – a direction of psychological research created and developed by V.A. Bodrov. Some key concepts has been analyzed – work performance, work and functional reliability, professiogenesis. The professiogenetic approach to the professional development have been described. The ability of work motivation development is discussed.

Investigation of the structural and functional reliability of the motion control and navigation system of a small spacecraft in the conditions of its multi-mode operation

In the course of the design, creation and application of complex multi-mode systems, which undoubtedly include the motion control system of small spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth, when choosing the configuration of elements and connections between them, as well as the parameters of the system, it is advisable to explore the possibilities of using dynamic operation modes significantly affecting the structural and functional reliability of the system. Based on the new original concept of the parametric genome of the complex multi-mode object structure, introduced by the authors, the article describes the results of the studies of the influence of various options for activating the modes of operation on the structural and functional reliability of the motion control and navigation system of the small spacecraft “Aist-2D”. To assess the structural and functional reliability of the system under study integral indicators have been introduced. At the same time, the possibility of involving joint activation of the modes of operation, the equivalence of the intensities of utilizing the activation of the modes of operation and the homogeneity of the traffic control system were taken into account.

Diagnosis of hearing deficiency using EEG based AEP signals: CWT and improved-VGG16 pipeline

Hearing deficiency is the world’s most common sensation of impairment and impedes human communication and learning. Early and precise hearing diagnosis using electroencephalogram (EEG) is referred to as the optimum strategy to deal with this issue. Among a wide range of EEG control signals, the most relevant modality for hearing loss diagnosis is auditory evoked potential (AEP) which is produced in the brain’s cortex area through an auditory stimulus. This study aims to develop a robust intelligent auditory sensation system utilizing a pre-train deep learning framework by analyzing and evaluating the functional reliability of the hearing based on the AEP response. First, the raw AEP data is transformed into time-frequency images through the wavelet transformation. Then, lower-level functionality is eliminated using a pre-trained network. Here, an improved-VGG16 architecture has been designed based on removing some convolutional layers and adding new layers in the fully connected block. Subsequently, the higher levels of the neural network architecture are fine-tuned using the labelled time-frequency images. Finally, the proposed method’s performance has been validated by a reputed publicly available AEP dataset, recorded from sixteen subjects when they have heard specific auditory stimuli in the left or right ear. The proposed method outperforms the state-of-art studies by improving the classification accuracy to 96.87% (from 57.375%), which indicates that the proposed improved-VGG16 architecture can significantly deal with AEP response in early hearing loss diagnosis.

Functional Reliability of the Employee in Operation Safety Management System Facilities for the Use of Nuclear Energy

Ensuring the safety of operation of particularly radiation-hazardous and nuclear-hazardous industries and facilities in the field of nuclear power is carried out using various methods, one of which is medical professional selection, selection and admission of personnel to perform official duties. The implementation of medical selection measures in the course of medical examinations using lists of medical contraindications is focused on the possibility of issuing permits to perform certain types of activities at the oiae to persons who do not have appropriate diagnoses. The presence of a disease included in the list of medical contraindications, detected during preliminary and periodic medical examinations and psychophysiological examinations, is evidence of late diagnosis and lack of data on pre-nosological disorders that are important for the selection and implementation of preventive rehabilitation and health measures. There was a need to introduce the concept of functional reliability (FR) and methods of its assessment into the practice of medical and psychophysiological support. FR is considered as a property of the functional systems of the employee's body to ensure the performance of prescribed job duties for a certain time and with a given quality, without reducing the psychophysiological adaptation (a person's systemic response to external and internal stimuli and factors aimed at achieving a useful adaptive result to an unacceptable level). The obtained data allowed us to draw a conclusion about the need to take into account the medical component of professional reliability – FR, along with assessments of the motives for choosing a profession and moral qualities, professional competence, compliance of psychological qualities and physical endurance with the requirements of the profession.

Evaluation of the diesel engine’s cylinder unit’s elements functional reliability based on statistical research

Показана важность задачи накοпление инфοрмации пο οтказам элементοв и узлοв современных судовы дизелей в проблеме повышения их функциοнальнοй надежнοсти (ФН) на заключительнοй стадии жизненнοгο цикла (ЖЦ) – этапе техническοй эксплуатации (ТЭ). В настоящей работе приведен комплекс статистических исследοваний οтказοв элементοв цилиндрο-пοршневοй группы современных судοвых дизелей серийных нефтеналивных танкерοв. Был прοизведён сбор информации и анализ οтказοв и причин их вызывающих в прοцессе эксплуатации. Соответственно рассмοтрены урοвни и причинно – следственные связи функциοнальнοй надёжнοсти элементοв цилиндрο-пοршневοй группы главных двигателей судοвοй дизельнοй устанοвки. Предлοжены пοказатели статистическοгο исследοвания для включения в инфοрмациοннο-статистический банк данных для οценки функциοнальнοй надёжнοсти на заключительнοм этапе «жизненнοгο цикла», техническοй эксплуатации. Систематизация и включение информации об отказах ЦПГ судовых дизелей в статистический банк данных по группам транспортных судов, позволяет судоходным компаниям прогнозировать состояния дизелей и осуществить переход на техническое обслуживание дизельных двигателей по фактическому состоянию на заключительном этапе «жизненного цикла». The importance of the task of accumulating information on failures of elements and assemblies of modern ship diesel engines in the problem of increasing their functional reliability (FN) at the final stage of the life cycle (LC) - the stage of technical operation (TE) is shown. Statistical researches of oil tankers main diesel engines cylinder units’ elements failures are revealed in the article. Analysis of malfunctions and its causes while operations are described. Levels of functional reliability of main diesel engines cylinder units’ elements are reviewed. Indexes of statistical research are offered as evaluation signs of functional reliability and same have to be included into info-statistical database which are corresponds to final “lifetime” stage of technical operation. The systematization and inclusion of information on the failures of the CPG of marine diesel engines into the statistical databank by groups of transport vessels allows shipping companies to predict the condition of diesel engines and to make the transition to maintenance of diesel engines based on the actual state at the final stage of the "life cycle".

A mathematical model of the functional reliability of radio electronic means, taking into account their predicted technical condition

The requirement for the adaptability of mathematical models of systems for processing technical information and functionality (SOTIF) of radio electronic means (RES) should be understood as the need to take into account the main features of the RES in the system model, as well as the complexity (a large number of elements, multi-mode, etc.) and a significant difference in elements RES by the nature of the degradation processes occurring in them, manifested in the differences in their probabilistic characteristics of reliability. The mathematical model of SOTIF RES should take into account the fact that, on the one hand, the real properties of the reliability of the RES may change in the process of targeted use under the influence of external factors, and on the other hand, the available information on the reliability of the RES is always incomplete and inaccurate. Therefore, it is necessary that the mathematical model of the system provides for the possibility of entering additional (a posteriori) information and recalculating the previously found optimal terms and volumes of technical impacts. Goal of the work is to form a reflective model of the change in the state of the RES with the features and at the same time the difficulties of the need to use the composition of the distribution laws, including the a priori and empirical (a posteriori) components. An approach is proposed, according to which, as elements of the REM sample, parts of the equipment are distinguished, which are covered by the influence of given preventive operations. The distribution laws of the operating time to failure of the selected elements can be specified by any functions corresponding to increasing (or increasing on average) functions of the failure rates. In the developed model, the empirical component, in turn, includes two components due to structural and parametric failures (structural and parametric components). A mathematical model of the functional reliability of the RES has been developed and the information-significant characteristics of the reliability of the RES have been demonstrated.