pipe replacement
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2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12929
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini

The drive for sustainable societies with more resilient infrastructure networks has catalyzed interest in leakage reduction as a subsequent benefit to energy recovery in water distribution systems. Several researchers have conducted studies and piloted successful energy recovery installations in water distribution systems globally. Challenges remain in the determination of the number, location, and optimal control setting of energy recovery devices. The PERRL 2.0 procedure was developed, employing a genetic algorithm through extended period simulations, to identify and optimize the location and size of hydro-turbine installations for energy recovery. This procedure was applied to the water supply system of the town of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Several suitable locations for pressure reduction, with energy recovery installations between 600 and 800 kWh/day were identified, with the potential to also reduce leakage in the system by 2 to 4%. Coupling the energy recovery installations with a pipe replacement model showed a further reduction in leakage up to a total of above 6% when replacing 10% of the aged pipes within the network. Several solutions were identified on the main supply line and the addition of a basic water balance, to the analysis, was found valuable in preliminarily evaluation and identification of the more sustainable solutions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Bushdiecker ◽  
Jon S. Fischer ◽  
Michael D. Gossett

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Li Xia Zhu ◽  
Jin Heng Luo ◽  
Li Feng Li ◽  
...  

The leakage accident of corrosion perforation occurred in the L245 oil pipeline. After pipe replacement,the defects were analyzed by means of macro analysis, corrosion product analysis, medium composition analysis, chemical composition analysis, mechanical property test and SEM. The results showed that the corrosion perforation was caused by local corrosion, and the synergistic effect of HCO3- and Cl- in transportation medium was the main cause of local corrosion.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ghobadi ◽  
Gimoon Jeong ◽  
Doosun Kang

Water distribution networks (WDNs) comprise a complex network of pipes and are crucial for providing potable water to urban communities. Therefore, WDNs must be carefully managed to avoid problems such as water contamination and service failures; however, this requires a large budget. Because WDN components have different statuses depending on their installation year, location, transmission pressure, and flow rate, it is difficult to plan the rehabilitation schedule within budgetary constraints. This study, therefore, proposes a new pipe replacement scheduling approach to smooth the investment time series based on a life cycle cost (LCC) assessment for a large-scale WDN. The proposed scheduling plan simultaneously considers both the annual budget limitation and the optimum expenditure on the useful life of pipes. A multi-objective optimization problem consisting of three decision-making objectives—minimum imposed LCC on the network, minimum standard deviation of annual investment, and minimum average age of the network—is thus solved using a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal plan. Three scenarios with different pipe replacement time spans and different annual budget constraints are considered accordingly. The results indicate that the proposed scheduling framework provides an efficient water pipe replacement scheduling plan with a smooth management budget.


Author(s):  
Gabriel Pablo Lobo ◽  
Ashok Gadgil

Toxic levels of lead leaching from ageing water distribution infrastructure affect over 5,000 public drinking water systems in the US. Pipe replacement, the most effective solution to this problem, is...


Author(s):  
Brett Snider ◽  
Edward McBean

Over the last two decades, a variety of reports have suggested that watermains in Canada are deteriorating, and break rates are increasing. However, these reports are often limited as the years of break records being utilized are brief; this paper revisits those assessments using over forty-five years of break records and shows that three of the five utilities investigated are experiencing significant decreases in break rates over the past 10 years while the two other utilities are maintaining consistent break rates. These results indicate that these utilities are effectively managing their watermain infrastructure, and suggest watermain infrastructure throughout Canada may be performing better than suggested by cross-sectional survey results. Analyses indicate that on average, 22% of the watermains analysed have exceeded the 0.125 brk/km/yr break rate threshold and may be considered for pipe replacement / rehabilitation. In particular 50% of cast iron pipes installed post-WWII have exceeded a break rate threshold of 0.125 brks/km/yr, suggesting large pipe replacement/rehabilitation of this pipe cohort is required.


Author(s):  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Dan Jia ◽  
Dave Warman ◽  
David L. Johnson ◽  
Steve Rapp

Abstract At least 10 girth weld incidents in newly constructed pipelines are known to have occurred in North America. More than 30 girth weld incidents in newly constructed pipes have been identified worldwide. A review of the North American incidents identified a few main contributing factors: (1) weld strength undermatching, (2) heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening, and (3) elevated stresses/strains from normal settlement and other loads. Weld bevel geometries of manual welding processes that favor plastic straining along the softened HAZ and low strength root passes were also compounding contributing factors. Prior publications focused on the industry practices that led to the formation of those contributing factors. This paper covers the enhanced linepipe specifications and improved welding practice that aim to reduce the risk of similar girth weld incidents, thus leading to more resilient pipelines. The enhanced linepipe specifications include interim recommendations that aim to limit the upper-bound longitudinal strength for a given pipe grade and reduce the linepipe steels’ susceptibility to HAZ softening. The implementation of the interim recommendations is assisted by allowing alternative hoop tensile tests. The improved welding practice includes (1) the selection of welding procedures, including consumables, that minimizes the likelihood of weld strength undermatching and reduces the propensity for HAZ softening and (2) welding procedure qualification tests and requirements for the production of strain-resistant girth welds. The recommendations covered in this paper principally target new pipeline construction projects but are also applicable to pipe replacement projects. It is expected that pipeline operators would incorporate the recommendations in their internal procedures and work with welding contractors to execute the recommendations. The improved linepipe specifications and welding practice are expected to increase the resilience of pipelines subjected to realistic construction and in-service loads. The implementation of the recommendations requires changes to some long-standing industry practices and can only occur with collaborative efforts from all stakeholders.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Muñuzuri ◽  
Cristóbal Ramos ◽  
Alejandro Vázquez ◽  
Luis Onieva

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3024-3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Roy ◽  
Marc A. Edwards

Enhanced corrosion control and replacement of all lead-based pipes are expected to reduce citywide lead exposure by about 72–84%. However, Flint's post-lead pipe era will not result in completely lead free drinking water.


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