scholarly journals A Geothermal Plant from a Time-Scale Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6096
Author(s):  
Jacquelin E. Cobos ◽  
Christen Knudby ◽  
Erik G. Søgaard
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Halide Ions ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Local Geology ◽  
Geothermal Plant

In recent years, geothermal energy use from low-temperature sandstone reservoirs has sharply increased. Nonetheless, the injection of heat-depleted geothermal fluids has not been an easy task because of well/formation damage and operational/economic issues. Sønderborg geothermal plant is a case example of heat-mining from a low-temperature reservoir. It is in the northeast of Sønderborg towards Augustenborg Fjord. The present work takes into consideration the regional and local geology of the Sønderborg area, construction of the wells, field experience and water chemistry. The main issues of the geothermal plant appear to be related to the construction of the wells and reinjection of the heat-depleted brine. Our water chemistry analysis and PHREEQC simulations indicate that geothermal brine was saturated with respect to carbonate and barite minerals. The excess of Ca2+ and SO42− ions could have led to the formation and precipitation of carbonate and sulfate scales. Moreover, the increment of iron concentration over time could suggest the ingress of oxygen and pitting corrosion due to the presence of halide ions.

Low-temperature geothermal energy use in Iceland

Geothermics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Gudmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Use

Geothermal Energy geothermal energy , Nature geothermal energy nature , Use geothermal energy use , and Expectations geothermal energy expectations

2013 ◽  
pp. 772-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Goldstein ◽  
Gerardo Hiriart ◽  
Jeff Tester ◽  
Luis Gutierrez-Negrin ◽  
Ruggero Bertani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Use

Harmonized web-based information systems for shallow geothermal energy use in Austria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Steiner ◽  
Gregor Goetzl ◽  
Martin Fuchsluger ◽  
Alexander Rehbogen
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Shallow Geothermal Energy ◽  
Cover Ratio

<p>Neither regional development, construction projects nor infrastructure development – structural planning does not fully consider energy supply in Austria (yet). The project “Spatial Energy Planning for Heat Transition” is part of the research initiative “Green Energy Lab”, which has a project life-time from June 2018 to May 2021. It aims to provide a sound basis for the integration of heat in private and public planning processes and for the implementation of the energy infrastructure of the future together with energy providers.</p><p>Three Austrian states (Vienna, Styria and Salzburg), their capital cities and pilot-municipalities of all scales work together to provide all information necessary for the implementation of spatial heat-planning – as role model for Austria and other European countries. The GIS-based web-tool “heat-atlas” will provide this harmonized data and serve an information platform for project developers as well as for regional planning, fostering a sustainable use of all available sustainable energy resources and infrastructures to their full extent. The system of the information platform is arbitrarily scalable and is aimed to be expanded to other interested regions of Austria on demand.</p><p>One part of this “heat-atlas” is about shallow geothermal energy and covers vertical closed loop and open loop systems. The Geological Survey of Austria developed new methods to estimate capacity and energy resources as well as to show possible limitations of shallow geothermal energy use on property level. The resource calculations combine location-specific parameters such as thermal conductivity, underground temperature and groundwater availability with system-specific parameters such as mode of operation, operational hours, geometry and threshold values demanded by official regulations.</p><p>The method provides not only information about the maximum amount of energy available on the property, but also about the cover ratio of the demand. So called level-1 maps show the resources for standardized well-doublets and borehole heat exchangers independently of the property. The calculations for level-2 maps consider site-specific properties such as heating and cooling demand, operational hours and size of the property. This enables the estimation of the overall energy resources and the cover ratio of the property.</p><p>The results are shown as maps and as location specific query, which gives a concise summary of all relevant information for one location in form of an automatically generated report. More information about the project is available at http://www.waermeplanung.at/.</p>

scholarly journals Environmental Comparison of Energy Solutions for Heating and Cooling

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Franzén ◽  
Linnéa Nedar ◽  
Maria Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
One Year

Humanity faces several environmental challenges today. The planet has limited resources, and it is necessary to use these resources effectively. This paper examines the environmental impact of three energy solutions for the heating and cooling of buildings. The solutions are conventional district heating and cooling, a smart energy solution for heating and cooling (ectogrid™), and geothermal energy. The ectogrid™ balances energy flows with higher and lower temperatures to reduce the need for supplied energy. The three solutions have been studied for Medicon Village, which is a district in the city of Lund in Sweden. The study shows that the energy use for the conventional system is 12,250 MWh for one year, and emissions are 590 tons of CO2 equivalents. With ectogrid™, the energy use is reduced by 61%, and the emissions are reduced by 12%, compared to the conventional system. With geothermal energy, the energy use is reduced by 70%, and the emissions by 20%. An analysis is also made in a European context, with heating based on natural gas and cooling based on air conditioners. The study shows that the environmental impact would decrease considerably by replacing the carbon dioxide intensive solution with ectogrid™ or geothermal energy.

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