Simple Is Best: Pine Twigs Are Better Than Artificial Lures for Trapping of Pine Weevils in Pitfall Traps

The large pine weevil Hylobius abietis (Linnaeus 1758) is the main pest of coniferous seedlings in Europe and causes substantial damage in areas that have been clear-cut or otherwise disturbed. We compared the efficacy of different attractants for the capture of H. abietis adults in white pitfall traps. The field experiment was performed from mid-April to the end of August 2018 at six plots in Central Europe located in spruce stands that had been clear-cut. At each plot, we compared five attractants: one pine twig with ethanol, Hylodor, alpha-pinene + ethanol, turpentine oil and ethanol (separated), and turpentine oil + ethanol (not separated). Traps without attractant served as a control. Six traps for each attractant or control were distributed at each plot. Of the total number of H. abietis adults trapped, 43.3%, 20.5%, 17.9%, 9.8%, 8.5% and 0.5% were captured in traps with pine twigs with ethanol, alpha-pinene, Hylodor, turpentine, oil + ethanol (separated), turpentine oil + ethanol (combined), and no attractant, respectively. The bottom of each trap contained propylene glycol to kill and preserve beetles. The small number of beetles captured in the control traps confirms that the propylene glycol:water mixture did not influence the trapping of H. abietis. The use of pitfall traps with a suitable attractant (especially pine twigs and ethanol) should be useful for monitoring of H. abietis, because it is simple and cost-effective. The use of such pitfall traps to control H. abietis by mass trapping would require 50 to 100 traps per ha.

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Spatio-temporal distribution of Hylobius abietis in Scots pine stands – implications for pest monitoring

Journal of Pest Science ◽

10.1007/s10340-021-01339-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iwona Skrzecz ◽

Lidia Sukovata ◽

Tomasz Jabłoński ◽

Alicja Sowińska ◽

Hanna Szmidla

Keyword(s):

Temporal Distribution ◽

Hylobius Abietis ◽

Forest Protection ◽

Pine Weevil ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Pest Monitoring ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Scots Pine Stands

AbstractThe protection of reforested areas against the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis is one of the greatest forest management challenges in many European countries. No information exists on the spatial distribution of this pest, which is necessary to assess its abundance and, consequently, to precisely estimate its threat to reforested sites. The aim of this study was to assess the spatio-temporal changes in the number of H. abietis beetles in reforested clear-cut areas (reforestations) and neighbouring Pinus sylvestris stands, from which these beetles are assumed to migrate to the reforestations. In this two-year study, baited traps were used to catch H. abietis beetles in the reforestations and neighbouring stands. The results revealed significantly more beetles in the neighbouring old stands (61–69 years) than in the young stands (5–11 years). The distribution of the beetles in both the old and young stands was inversely dependent on the distance from the stand edge. The large pine weevil migration to the reforestations was most intense in mid-May and early June. In May, most beetles were collected along the edges of the reforestations; in June, their distribution was more regular; and in July, the beetles were more abundant in the central part of the reforestations. These results allow H. abietis monitoring improvement, which is an important element of integrated forest protection.

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Assessment of pine weevil numbers on clear-cut and forest sites with shelter boards and pitfall traps

Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz ◽

10.1007/bf02039130 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 68-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. H. Eidmann

Keyword(s):

Pitfall Traps ◽

Pine Weevil ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Forest Sites

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Non-target Bark Beetles in Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) Pheromone Traps Baited with Host Volatiles

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4329856 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 576-581

Author(s):

Mihai-Leonard DUDUMAN ◽

Nicolai OLENICI

Keyword(s):

Bark Beetles ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Real Effects ◽

Alpha Pinene ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Synthetic Pheromone ◽

Ips Duplicatus ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Pheromone Dispensers

Response of several non-target bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) to different combinations of the northern spruce bark beetleâ€™s synthetic pheromone with the monoterpenes (-)-alpha-pinene and (+)-limonene has been studied in choice experiments in the field with flight barrier traps. The experiments were organized in four Norway spruce stands (40-50 years old) outside its natural area, in the north-east of Romania, where Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) populations had reached an epidemical level. Each experiment had five treatments randomly replicated in six blocks within each experimental plot. Four non-target bark beetle species were captured together with Ips duplicatus: I. typographus (L.) (2611 beetles), Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (184 beetles), Hylastes cunicularius Erichson (107 beetles) and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg) (24 beetles), representing 1.77%, 0.13%, 0.07% and 0.02% respectively of total captures. Beetles of I. typographus were attracted by synthetic pheromone blend of I. duplicatus and have intensified their response in the presence of (-)-alpha-pinene or a combination between (-)-alpha-pinene and (+)-limonene, but the other species have been captured in the traps accidentally. The positive response of I. typographus to the present formulation of I. duplicatus pheromone suggests the possibility to use the pheromone dispensers for both species in the same traps when mass-trapping is the main goal, but new studies should clarify the real effects of putting together pheromone dispensers of I. typographus or P. chalcographus with those of I. duplicatus.

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Effectiveness of combinations of shelterwood, scarification, and feeding barriers to reduce pine weevil damage

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-156 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 64-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Magnus Petersson ◽

Göran Örlander

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Hylobius Abietis ◽

Southern Sweden ◽

Physical Protection ◽

Pine Weevil ◽

Soil Scarification ◽

Pine Weevils ◽

The Individual

In a field experiment in southern Sweden we investigated the single and combined effects of shelterwood, soil scarification, and feeding barriers on pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. The seedlings were planted on four different sites, each consisting of two plots, one clearcut and one with shelterwood (98148 stems/ha). These plots were each subdivided into two parts, one scarified and one left untreated. The seedlings were protected with insecticide or feeding barriers or left as unprotected controls. Three years after planting the mortality due to pine weevil damage was high (88%) for unprotected seedlings on clearcuts with no scarification. The damage-reducing effects of shelterwood, scarification, and physical protection were additive. Using all three methods in combination the mortality due to pine weevil feeding was less than 7% after 3 years. The order of effectiveness of the individual measures for reducing damage by pine weevils was insecticide, scarification, physical protection, and shelterwood. Scarification reduced pine weevil damage equally well on clearcuts as in shelterwoods. However, the effects of scarification were more long lasting in shelterwoods.

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Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit of an Oleochemical Plant through a Cost and Energy Efficiency Approach

ChemEngineering ◽

10.3390/chemengineering5020017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Valli Trisha ◽

Kai Seng Koh ◽

Lik Yin Ng ◽

Vui Soon Chok

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Heat Exchanger ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Capital Cost ◽

Global Market ◽

Annual Saving ◽

Heat Exchanger Network ◽

First Case ◽

Payback Time ◽

Better Than

Limited research of heat integration has been conducted in the oleochemical field. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance of an existing heat exchanger network (HEN) of an oleochemical plant at 600 tonnes per day (TPD) in Malaysia, in which the emphases are placed on the annual saving and reduction in energy consumption. Using commercial HEN numerical software, ASPEN Energy Analyzer v10.0, it was found that the performance of the current HEN in place is excellent, saving over 80% in annual costs and reducing energy consumption by 1,882,711 gigajoule per year (GJ/year). Further analysis of the performance of the HEN was performed to identify the potential optimisation of untapped heating/cooling process streams. Two cases, which are the most cost-effective and energy efficient, were proposed with positive results. However, the second case performed better than the first case, at a lower payback time (0.83 year) and higher annual savings (0.20 million USD/year) with the addition of one heat exchanger at a capital cost of USD 134,620. The first case had a higher payback time (4.64 years), a lower annual saving (0.05 million USD/year) and three additional heaters at a capital cost of USD 193,480. This research has provided a new insight into the oleochemical industry in which retrofitting the HEN can further reduce energy consumption, which in return will reduce the overall production cost of oleochemical commodities. This is particularly crucial in making the product more competitive in its pricing in the global market.

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A validated robust and automatic procedure for vibration analysis of bridge structures using MEMS accelerometers

Journal of Applied Geodesy ◽

10.1515/jag-2020-0010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 327-354

Author(s):

Mohammad Omidalizarandi ◽

Ralf Herrmann ◽

Boris Kargoll ◽

Steffen Marx ◽

Jens-André Paffenholz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibration Analysis ◽

Damping Ratio ◽

Fem Analysis ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Analysis Procedure ◽

Modal Parameters ◽

Bridge Structure ◽

Modal Damping ◽

Mems Accelerometers ◽

Better Than

AbstractToday, short- and long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) of bridge infrastructures and their safe, reliable and cost-effective maintenance has received considerable attention. From a surveying or civil engineer’s point of view, vibration-based SHM can be conducted by inspecting the changes in the global dynamic behaviour of a structure, such as natural frequencies (i. e. eigenfrequencies), mode shapes (i. e. eigenforms) and modal damping, which are known as modal parameters. This research work aims to propose a robust and automatic vibration analysis procedure that is so-called robust time domain modal parameter identification (RT-MPI) technique. It is novel in the sense of automatic and reliable identification of initial eigenfrequencies even closely spaced ones as well as robustly and accurately estimating the modal parameters of a bridge structure using low numbers of cost-effective micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers. To estimate amplitude, frequency, phase shift and damping ratio coefficients, an observation model consisting of: (1) a damped harmonic oscillation model, (2) an autoregressive model of coloured measurement noise and (3) a stochastic model in the form of the heavy-tailed family of scaled t-distributions is employed and jointly adjusted by means of a generalised expectation maximisation algorithm. Multiple MEMS as part of a geo-sensor network were mounted at different positions of a bridge structure which is precalculated by means of a finite element model (FEM) analysis. At the end, the estimated eigenfrequencies and eigenforms are compared and validated by the estimated parameters obtained from acceleration measurements of high-end accelerometers of type PCB ICP quartz, velocity measurements from a geophone and the FEM analysis. Additionally, the estimated eigenfrequencies and modal damping are compared with a well-known covariance driven stochastic subspace identification approach, which reveals the superiority of our proposed approach. We performed an experiment in two case studies with simulated data and real applications of a footbridge structure and a synthetic bridge. The results show that MEMS accelerometers are suitable for detecting all occurring eigenfrequencies depending on a sampling frequency specified. Moreover, the vibration analysis procedure demonstrates that amplitudes can be estimated in submillimetre range accuracy, frequencies with an accuracy better than 0.1 Hz and damping ratio coefficients with an accuracy better than 0.1 and 0.2 % for modal and system damping, respectively.

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