scholarly journals Impact of Climate, Stand Growth Parameters, and Management on Isotopic Composition of Tree Rings in Chestnut Coppices

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Marini ◽  
Giovanna Battipaglia ◽  
Maria Chiara Manetti ◽  
Piermaria Corona ◽  
Manuela Romagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c

Research Highlights: Chestnut trees’ (Castanea sativa Mill.) growth and their responses to climate are influenced by stand-characteristics and managements. This study highlighted that chestnut tree-ring growth is not particularly influenced by climate, while minimum temperature showed a positive relation with both intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) and δ¹8O. Background and Objectives: The aim is to check the responses of chestnut trees to climate conditions and the role of stand structure and management. Materials and Methods: Stands with 12–14-year-old shoots were studied using dendrochronological and isotopic (δ18O and δ13C) approaches. Correlations with climate parameters were investigated and principal component analysis was performed using site-characteristics and tree growth parameters as variables. Results: Correlations between tree-ring width (TRW), tree-ring δ18O, and δ13C-derived intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) revealed stand-dependent effects. The highest Correlations were found between climate and tree-rings’ isotopic composition. Chestnut was sensitive to high-minimum temperature in March and April, with a negative relationship with TRW and a positive relationship with WUEi. δ18O signals were not significantly different among stands. Stand thinning had a positive effect on WUEi after 1–2 years. Stand competition (indicated by shoots/stump and stumps/ha) positively influenced both WUEi and δ¹8O.

Site-level soil moisture controls water-use efficiency improvement and climate response in sugar maple: a dual dendroisotopic study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
R. Dietrich ◽  
F.W. Bell ◽  
M. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Given the large contribution of forests to terrestrial carbon storage, there is a need to resolve the environmental and physiological drivers of tree-level response to rising atmospheric CO2. This study examines how site-level soil moisture influences growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). We construct tree-ring, δ18O, and Δ13C chronologies for trees across a soil moisture gradient in Ontario, Canada, and employ a structural equation modelling approach to ascertain their climatic, ontogenetic, and environmental drivers. Our results support previous evidence for the presence of strong developmental effects in tree-ring isotopic chronologies — in the range of −4.7‰ for Δ13C and +0.8‰ for δ18O — across the tree life span. Additionally, we show that the physiological response of sugar maple to increasing atmospheric CO2 depends on site-level soil moisture variability, with trees only in relatively wet plots exhibiting temporal increases in intrinsic water-use efficiency. These results suggest that trees in wet and mesic plots have experienced temporal increases in stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity, whereas trees in dry plots have experienced decreases in photosynthetic capacity. This study is the first to examine sugar maple physiology using a dendroisotopic approach and broadens our understanding of carbon–water interactions in temperate forests.

scholarly journals 20th-century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: Tree-ring based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin M. Keller ◽  
Sebastian Lienert ◽  
Anil Bozbiyik ◽  
Thomas F. Stocker ◽  
Olga V. Churakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Isotopic Discrimination ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) on annual tree rings offer new opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under changing CO2 and climate, especially in conjunction with process-based biogeochemical model simulations. The isotopic discrimination is indicative of the ratio between the CO2 partial pressure in the intercellular cavities and the atmosphere (ci / ca) and of the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, termed intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We performed isotope-enabled simulations over the industrial period with the land biosphere module (CLM4.5) of the Community Earth System Model and the LPX-Bern dynamic global vegetation model. Results for C3 tree species show good agreement with a global compilation of δ13C measurements on leaves, though modeled 13C discrimination by C3 trees is smaller in arid regions than measured. A compilation of seventy-six tree-ring records, mainly from Europe, boreal Asia, and western North America, suggest on average small 20th-century changes in isotopic discrimination and an increase in iWUE of about 27 % since 1900. LPX-Bern results match these century-scale reconstructions, supporting the idea that the physiology of stomata has evolved to optimize trade-offs between carbon gain by assimilation and water loss. In contrast, CLM4.5 simulates an increase in discrimination and in turn a change in iWUE that is almost twice as large as revealed by the tree-ring data. Factorial simulations show that these changes are mainly in response to rising atmospheric CO2. The results suggest that the down-regulation of ci / ca and of photosynthesis by nitrogen limitation is possibly too strong in the standard setup of CLM4.5 or there may be more fundamental problems associated with the prescribed relationship between conductance and assimilation.

scholarly journals Costs and benefits of photosynthetic stems in desert species from southern California

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleinis Ávila-Lovera ◽  
Roxana Haro ◽  
Exequiel Ezcurra ◽  
Louis S. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Woody plants with green photosynthetic stems are common in dry woodlands with the possible advantages of extra carbon gain, re-assimilation of CO2, and high water-use efficiency. However, their green stem tissue may also incur greater costs of water loss when stomata are closed. Our study focussed on evaluating the costs and benefits of having green stems in desert plants, addressing the water-use efficiency hypothesis. We measured water status, carbon and water exchange, and carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of 15 species in a desert wash scrub in Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA. We found that all woody species that have green stems relied on their green stems as the sole organ for carbon assimilation for most of the study period. Green stems had similar photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) to leaves of the same species. However, Amax, gs and cuticular conductance (gmin) were higher in green stems than in leaves of non-green stemmed species. Carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) was similar in both leaves and green stems, indicating no difference in integrated long-term WUE. Our results raise questions about the possible trade-off between carbon gain and water loss through the cuticle in green stems and how this may affect plant responses to current and future droughts.

scholarly journals 20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2641-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin M. Keller ◽  
Sebastian Lienert ◽  
Anil Bozbiyik ◽  
Thomas F. Stocker ◽  
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Isotopic Discrimination ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) on annual tree rings offer new opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under changing CO2 and climate conditions, especially in conjunction with process-based biogeochemical model simulations. The isotopic discrimination is indicative of the ratio between the CO2 partial pressure in the intercellular cavities and the atmosphere (ci∕ca) and of the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, termed intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We performed isotope-enabled simulations over the industrial period with the land biosphere module (CLM4.5) of the Community Earth System Model and the Land Surface Processes and Exchanges (LPX-Bern) dynamic global vegetation model. Results for C3 tree species show good agreement with a global compilation of δ13C measurements on leaves, though modeled 13C discrimination by C3 trees is smaller in arid regions than measured. A compilation of 76 tree-ring records, mainly from Europe, boreal Asia, and western North America, suggests on average small 20th century changes in isotopic discrimination and in ci∕ca and an increase in iWUE of about 27 % since 1900. LPX-Bern results match these century-scale reconstructions, supporting the idea that the physiology of stomata has evolved to optimize trade-offs between carbon gain by assimilation and water loss by transpiration. In contrast, CLM4.5 simulates an increase in discrimination and in turn a change in iWUE that is almost twice as large as that revealed by the tree-ring data. Factorial simulations show that these changes are mainly in response to rising atmospheric CO2. The results suggest that the downregulation of ci∕ca and of photosynthesis by nitrogen limitation is possibly too strong in the standard setup of CLM4.5 or that there may be problems associated with the implementation of conductance, assimilation, and related adjustment processes on long-term environmental changes.

The GREASE project: Sustainable cultivation of Greco grapevine - Reconstruction of the vines ecophysiological behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica De Micco ◽  
Alessia D'Auria ◽  
Francesco Niccoli ◽  
Francesca Petracca ◽  
Sara De Francesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Pruning Technique

<p>The increasing irregularity in precipitation patterns and frequency of extreme drought events in the Mediterranean area is challenging the sustainability of grapevine production, especially in some areas of southern Italy. Here, being the grapevine mostly rainfed-cultivated, there is a strong demand for cultivation techniques aiming to improve water use efficiency and water stress tolerance.</p><p>Pruning techniques and training system can have an effect on the hydraulic architecture of vines, thus on their hydraulic behavior that is strictly coordinated with photosynthetic efficiency and ultimately contribute to determine yield and grape quality.</p><p>In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether and to what extent a change in pruning technique can influence the efficiency and safety of water flow in vines. In order to pursue this objective, we combined the dendro-sciences approach, analysing tree-ring width and anatomical features of vines subjected to an abrupt change in the pruning technique. The study was conducted within the GREASE project, funded by the Campania Region through the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020, within the framework of the optimization of agricultural practices for improving grapevine resources-use efficiency for the sustainable management of vineyards.</p><p>The study was conducted in a vineyard of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera ‘Greco’ (Feudi di San Gregorio farm) located in southern Italy (Avellino) at a site where the pruning technique was changed in 2004 following the method by Simonit & Sirch (Simonit 2014 Manuale di potatura della vite Ed IA; Sun et al 2008 Am J Bot 95:1498-1505). This method applies pruning cuts oriented in a way to drive vine natural tendency in the branching, to reduce injuries stress, in order to modulate the hydraulic pathway to reduce resistances to flow. Wood cores were extracted by the vines trunk, tree-rings were dated and widths were measured according to dendro-chronological techniques using WinDENDRO software. Then the cores were subjected to thin sectioning to obtain tree-ring series that were analysed through microscopy and subjected to digital image analysis. Wood anatomical traits, linked with hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability, were quantified in each year. The tree-ring series were then annually separated and d<sup>13</sup>C was measured in each year, in order to obtain information on intrinsic water use efficiency. The overall wood anatomical and stable isotope parameters were integrated to reconstruct and interpret past eco-physiological vine behaviour in response to the change in pruning technique also taking into account the inter-annual environmental variability.</p><p>The analysis of wood anatomical functional traits linked with carbon stable isotopes of grapevine tree-ring series confirmed that vineyard management technique can severely affect the vine water use, thus affecting plant growth, productivity and ultimately plant ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.</p><p>All these interactions and their effects on water use should be taken into account when designing management practices in vineyards for sustainable production.</p>

scholarly journals Recent Warming-Induced Tree Growth Enhancement at the Tibetan Treeline and the Link to Improved Water-Use Efficiency

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Xing Pu ◽  
Xiaochun Wang ◽  
Lixin Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Elevation Forests

Tree growth in high-elevation forests may increase as a result of increasing temperatures and CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere (Ca). However, the pattern and the physiological mechanism on how these two factors interact to affect tree growth are still poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes in radial growth and tree-ring δ13C for Picea and Abies trees growing in both treeline and lower-elevation forests on the Tibetan Plateau. We found that the tree growth at the treeline has significantly accelerated during the past several decades but has remained largely stable or slightly declined at lower elevations. Further results based on tree-ring δ13C suggest that intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) was generally higher at the treeline than in lower-elevation forests, although increasing trends of iWUE existed for all sites. This study demonstrated that the synergetic effects of elevated Ca and increasing temperatures have increased tree growth at the treeline but may not lead to enhanced tree growth in lower-elevation forests due to drought stress. These results demonstrate the elevational dependence of tree growth responses to climatic changes in high-elevation forests from a physiologically meaningful perspective.

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