scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Ozone Absorbed through Stomata on Photosynthetic Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Japanese Deciduous Forest Trees: Implications for Ozone Mitigation Policies

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Kinose ◽  
Masahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Hideyuki Matsumura ◽  
Takeshi Izuta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

Photosynthesis by trees is expected to contribute to preventing climate change including global warming. However, the current levels of tropospheric ozone (O3) reduce the uptake of photosynthetic carbon dioxide (CO2) by forest trees in Japan, which is a concern. Furthermore, it is unknown how much O3 should be reduced to prevent plants’ O3-induced damage. The objective of the present study was to assess the negative effects of the current levels of O3 absorbed via stomata and the impact of its mitigation on the CO2 uptake by trees in Japanese forests. Impact assessment, targeted in 2011–2015, was performed for four deciduous broad-leaved trees: Fagus crenata, Quercus serrata, Q. mongolica var. crispula, and Betula platyphylla var. japonica. The assessment was based on species-specific cumulative stomatal O3 uptake (COU) and species-specific responses of annual photosynthetic CO2 uptake to COU. Annual COU differed between the four trees; the average COU of F. crenata, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica var. crispula, and B. platyphylla var. japonica across Japan was 41.7, 26.5, 33.0, and 29.1 mmol m−2, respectively, and the reductions in CO2 uptake by the four trees were 14.0%, 10.6%, 8.6%, and 15.4%, respectively. Further analysis revealed that reducing the atmospheric O3 concentration by approximately 28%, 20%, 17%, and 49% decreased the O3-induced reductions in photosynthetic CO2 uptake to 5% in F. crenata, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica var. crispula, and B. platyphylla var. japonica, respectively. In the near future, implementing mitigation measures for the O3 damage in plants is expected to enhance the photosynthetic capacity of Japanese forest tree species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of O3 Effects on Cumulative Photosynthetic CO2 Uptake in Seedlings of Four Japanese Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Tree Species Based on Stomatal O3 Uptake

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kinose ◽  
Hideyuki Matsumura ◽  
Takeshi Izuta
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Species Specific

The current level of tropospheric ozone (O3) is expected to reduce the net primary production of forest trees. Here, we evaluated the negative effects of O3 on the photosynthetic CO2 uptake of Japanese forest trees species based on their cumulative stomatal O3 uptake, defined as the phytotoxic O3 dose (POD). Seedlings of four representative Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forest tree species (Fagus crenata, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica var. crispula and Betula platyphylla var. japonica) were exposed to different O3 concentrations in open-top chambers for two growing seasons. The photosynthesis–light response curves (A-light curves) and stomatal conductance were measured to estimate the leaf-level cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake (ΣPn_est) and POD, respectively. The whole-plant-level ΣPn_est were highly correlated with the whole-plant dry mass increments over the two growing seasons. Because whole-plant growth is largely determined by the amount of leaf area per plant and net photosynthetic rate per leaf area, this result suggests that leaf-level ΣPn_est, which was estimated from the monthly A-light curves and hourly PPFD, could reflect the cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake of the seedlings per unit leaf area. Although the O3-induced reductions in the leaf-level ΣPn_est were well explained by POD in all four tree species, species-specific responses of leaf-level ΣPn_est to POD were observed. In addition, the flux threshold appropriate for the linear regression of the responses of relative leaf-level ΣPn_est to POD was also species-specific. Therefore, species-specific responses of cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake to POD could be used to accurately evaluate O3 impact on the net primary production of deciduous broad-leaved trees.

scholarly journals On the inadequacy of environment impact assessments for projects in Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park of Goa, India: a peer review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 17387-17454
Author(s):  
Girish Punjabi ◽  
Anisha Jayadevan ◽  
Abhishek Jamalabad ◽  
Nandini Velho ◽  
Madhura Niphadkar-Bandekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
National Board ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Environment Impact Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a regulatory framework adopted since 1994 in India to evaluate the impact and mitigation measures of projects, however, even after 25 years of adoption, EIAs continue to be of inferior quality with respect to biodiversity documentation and assessment of impacts and their mitigation measures.  This questions the credibility of the exercise, as deficient EIAs are habitually used as a basis for project clearances in ecologically sensitive and irreplaceable regions.  The authors reiterate this point by analysing impact assessment documents for three projects: the doubling of the National Highway-4A, doubling of the railway-line from Castlerock to Kulem, and laying of a 400-kV transmission line through the Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in the state of Goa.  Two of these projects were recently granted ‘Wildlife Clearance’ during a virtual meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Board of Wildlife (NBWL) without a thorough assessment of the project impacts.  Assessment reports for the road and railway expansion were found to be deficient on multiple fronts regarding biodiversity assessment and projected impacts, whereas no impact assessment report was available in the public domain for the 400-kV transmission line project.  This paper highlights the biodiversity significance of this protected area complex in the Western Ghats, and highlights the lacunae in biodiversity documentation and inadequacy of mitigation measures in assessment documents for all three diversion projects.  The EIA process needs to improve substantially if India is to protect its natural resources and adhere to environmental protection policies and regulations nationally and globally.

scholarly journals Participatory Approach for More Robust Water Resource Management: Case Study of the Santa Rosa Sub-Watershed of the Philippines

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Brian Alan Johnson ◽  
Rajarshi Dasgupta ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Shamik Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

Due to the cumulative effects of rapid urbanization, population growth and climate change, many inland and coastal water bodies around the world are experiencing severe water pollution. To help make land-use and climate change adaptation policies more effective at a local scale, this study used a combination of participatory approaches and computer simulation modeling. This methodology (called the “Participatory Watershed Land-use Management” (PWLM) approach) consist of four major steps: (a) Scenario analysis, (b) impact assessment, (c) developing adaptation and mitigation measures and its integration in local government policies, and (d) improvement of land use plan. As a test case, we conducted PWLM in the Santa Rosa Sub-watershed of the Philippines, a rapidly urbanizing area outside Metro Manila. The scenario analysis step involved a participatory land-use mapping activity (to understand future likely land-use changes), as well as GCM precipitation and temperature data downscaling (to understand the local climate scenarios). For impact assessment, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool was used to simulate future river water quality (BOD and E. coli) under a Business as Usual (BAU) scenario and several alternative future scenarios considering different drivers and pressures (to 2030). Water samples from the Santa Rosa River in 2015 showed that BOD values ranged from 13 to 52 mg/L; indicating that the river is already moderately to extremely polluted compared to desirable water quality (class B). In the future scenarios, we found that water quality will deteriorate further by 2030 under all scenarios. Population growth was found to have the highest impact on future water quality deterioration, while climate change had the lowest (although not negligible). After the impact assessment, different mitigation measures were suggested in a stakeholder consultation workshop, and of them (enhanced capacity of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and increased sewerage connection rate) were adopted to generate a final scenario including countermeasures. The main benefit of the PWLM approach are its high level of stakeholder involvement (through co-generation of the research) and use of free (for developing countries) software and models, both of which contribute to an enhanced science-policy interface.

scholarly journals Modeling and Mitigation of Noise on the A23 Motorway Using GIS

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
António Carvalho ◽  
Victor Cavaleiro ◽  
António Albuquerque ◽  
Flora Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Noise Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Noise Map

Rendering at the European Directive 2002/49/EC, all EU members have to draw up a strategic noise map for all agglomerations with more than 250,000 inhabitants and for all major airports, roads and railways. A study of environmental impact assessment on motorway A23 in the stretch between Castelo Branco–Alcains (Portugal), based in the impact of the environmental noise, allowed the modeling the noise variation, which can be useful for establishing mitigation measures. The results show that noise model can be a useful tool for the monitoring noise impact in surrounding of motorways.

scholarly journals IMPROVED CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE BY NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES AND BINDING ORGANIC LIQUID

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 688-705
Author(s):  
Safa Waleed SHAKIR ◽  
Ahmed Daham WIHEEB ◽  
Zainab abdulmajeed KHALAF ◽  
Mohd Roslee OTHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Desorption Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
The Impact

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has been the most crucial research issue due to the dangerous impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global warming and climate change. In recent decades, a new absorption technology has been used to get rid of carbon dioxide. This procedure is getting tremendous attention being applied to improve CO2 uptake by using nanofluids. However, other studies are needed to enhance the nanofluid absorption/desorption rate and decrease the requirements of energy through the desorption process. This research aimed to study the influence of addition nanoparticles by determining the enhancement factor of the absorption/desorption rate of carbon dioxide. All nanofluids used in this study prepared by adding nanoparticles with ultrasound treatment without surfactants. The influence of adding nanoparticles to the binding organic liquids (BOL) of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ethanol on the absorption/desorption of CO2 was studied experimentally in a stirring reactor. The nanoparticles of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 were selected, which showed different properties for the investigation. The effect of volume percentage of nanoparticles, type of nanoparticles, and stirring speed on the rate of CO2 absorption and the impact of volume percentage of nanoparticles and type of nanoparticles on the CO2 desorption rate were studied. It has been found that nanoparticles suspended in BOL are a good absorbent in the current MEA infrastructure due to their less corrosive nature and lower energy requirements for regeneration than the current MEA. In this work, carbon dioxide absorption was improved by 11% and carbon dioxide absorption increased by 8.5% from BOL alone. The alumina nanofluid at a concentration of 0.05 absorbed the highest carbon dioxide by 0.061 g/s. In contrast, the iron oxide nano particles at a concentration of 0.01 volume% absorbed the most elevated carbon dioxide of 0.0077 g/s.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN INDIAN CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANORAMA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Holistic Process ◽  
The Impact

Environmental Impact Assessment is just an information gathering exercise carried out by the developer and other bodies which enables a Local Planning Authority to understand the environmental effects of a development. The really important thing about environmental assessments is the emphasis on using the best available sources of objective information and in carrying out a systematic and holistic process which should be bias free and allow the local authority and the whole community to properly understand the impact of the proposed development. Environmental assessment should lead to better standards of development and help to propose proper mitigation measures for the problem areas. Environmental impact assessment is meant to be a systematic process which leads to a final product, the Environmental Statement (ES).

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