scholarly journals Varying Levels of Genetic Control and Phenotypic Plasticity in Timing of Bud Burst, Flower Opening, Leaf Senescence and Leaf Fall in Two Common Gardens of Prunus padus L.

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
Stefaan Moreels
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Prunus Padus ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Genetic Components

Several phenological phases mark the seasonal growth pattern in temperate woody perennials. To gain further insight into the way these phases react on an altering growth environment, we tested whether vegetative and reproductive phenophases in a shrub species respond differentially among different genetic entities and between two different planting sites. We scored leaf bud burst, flower opening, leaf senescence and leaf fall on 267 ramets of Prunus padus L. belonging to 53 genotypes that were sampled in 9 local populations, and that were planted in 2 common gardens in the northern part of Belgium. The data were processed with cumulative logistic regression. The contribution of genetic and non-genetic components to the total variability varied between the four studied seasonal phenophases. The timing of flower opening displayed the smallest relative amount of intragenotypic variance (between ramets), suggesting a stronger genetic control and a lesser need at the individual plant level for plastic fine tuning to the micro-environment. In addition, whereas leaf bud burst showed the highest relative variance at the interpopulation level among all phenophases, probably at least partly attributable to local adaptation, flower opening displayed the highest intergenotypic variance, which may have been promoted more by assortative mating. Spring phenophases were strongly correlated (r = 0.89) as well as the autumnal phenophases (r = 0.72). Flower opening was not correlated with the autumnal phenophases. Timing of leaf bud burst and leaf senescence were negatively correlated, demonstrating that the length of the growing season enlarged or diminished among the studied genotypes. Although the two planting sites were only 24 km apart, all phenophases were advanced at the less exposed site, indicating a phenotypic plastic response. Together, our results suggest that in P. padus, flowering is less sensitive to environmental variation than leaf bud break and may show a lesser impact of a changing environment on this reproductive phenophase.

scholarly journals Differentiation and Non-Linear Responses in Temporal Phenotypic Plasticity of Seasonal Phenophases in a Common Garden of Crataegus monogyna Jacq.

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
Astrid Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Crataegus Monogyna ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Local

Phenology in perennial plants implies the temporal occurrence of biological events throughout the year. Heritable phenotypic plasticity in the timing of the phenophases can be of importance in the adaptation of woody species to a quickly changing environment. We observed the timing of bud burst, flower opening, leaf senescence and leaf fall in two successive years in a common garden of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. in Belgium, consisting of six local and five non-local provenances. Data were processed with cumulative logistic mixed models. Strong auto-correlation was present among the spring phenophases as well as among the autumnal phenophases, with spring phenophases being negatively correlated with fall phenophases. The strongest between-provenance differentiation was found for the timing of bud burst in spring, followed by flower opening and finally by leaf senescence and leaf fall. Warmer spring temperatures in March 2017 advanced the timing of bud burst, and to a lesser extent of flower opening, in all provenances compared to 2016. However, the advancement was non-linear among the provenances, with the lower latitude provenances being relatively less early and the higher elevation provenances being more late than the local provenances in this year. It can be hypothesized that non-local provenances display larger temporal phenotypic plastic responses in the timing of their spring phenophases compared to local provenances when temperatures in the common garden deviate more from their home-sites.

scholarly journals QTL x environment interactions underlie ionome divergence in switchgrass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Alice MacQueen ◽  
Jason Bonnette ◽  
Felix B Fritschi ◽  
David B Lowry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Organisms

Abstract Ionomics measures elemental concentrations in biological organisms and provides a snapshot of physiology under different conditions. In this study, we evaluate genetic variation of the ionome in outbred, perennial switchgrass in three environments across the species’ native range, and explore patterns of genotype-by-environment interactions. We grew 725 clonally replicated genotypes of a large full sib family from a four-way linkage mapping population, created from deeply diverged upland and lowland switchgrass ecotypes, at three common gardens. Concentrations of 18 mineral elements were determined in whole post-anthesis tillers using ion coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These measurements were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) with and without QTL-by-environment interactions (QTLxE) using a multi-environment QTL mapping approach. We found that element concentrations varied significantly both within and between switchgrass ecotypes, and GxE was present at both the trait and QTL level. Concentrations of 14 of the 18 elements were under some genetic control, and 77 QTL were detected for these elements. 74% of QTL colocalized multiple elements, half of QTL exhibited significant QTLxE, and roughly equal numbers of QTL had significant differences in magnitude and sign of their effects across environments. The switchgrass ionome is under moderate genetic control and by loci with highly variable effects across environments.

Fine-tuning the art of genetic control

2007 ◽  
Vol 194 (2604) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Linda Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Fine Tuning

Genetic control of bud phenology in pole-size trees and seedlings of coastal Douglas-fir

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
W.T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Bud Phenology ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Lateral Branches

The extent to which bud phenology is genetically controlled and related to growth traits was examined in seedlings and pole-size trees of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Data on bud burst, bud set, and stem growth were collected from pole-size trees of 60 open-pollinated families growing in four plantations, and from seedlings of 45 of these same families growing in three trials. In both age-classes, bud burst was under moderate to strong genetic control (h2 ≥ 0.44) and family breeding values were stable across test environments, indicating that this trait could be readily altered in breeding programs. Bud set was inherited strongly in pole-size trees (h2 = 0.81) but weakly in seedlings (h2 < 0.30). Both bud burst and bud set were positively correlated with growth in seedlings and pole-size trees. Thus, selection for greater growth at either age-class is expected to delay bud burst and bud set. We also evaluated the accuracy of two alternatives for assessing bud burst phenology in pole-size trees compared with the traditional method. We show that bud-burst date on lateral branches can be used to accurately rank both individuals and families for bud-burst date on less accessible leader shoots. In addition, we found that families can be ranked for mean bud-burst date by the proportion of trees per family that have flushed on a given scoring day. This method is only effective, however, when between 25 and 75% of all trees in the test have flushed at the time of scoring.

scholarly journals Phenological Plasticity and Adaptive Potential of Sugar Maple Populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
guo xiali ◽  
Valentina Buttò ◽  
Yann Surget-Groba ◽  
Jian-Guo Huang ◽  
Sylvain Delagrange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Common Gardens

Abstract Global changes affect the growing conditions of terrestrial ecosystems, mismatching the phenological adaptation of plants to local climates at mid and high latitudes. Their long lifespan and slow reproductive cycles prevent trees from tracking the quick shift in their usual climatic conditions, thus endangering the survival of local populations. In this study, we explored the phenological plasticity and adaptive potential of bud burst in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings from 30 Canadian origins with contrasting climates planted in two common gardens near and at the northern boundary of the species range. Bud development and leafing occurred in April-May, with complete bud burst lasting between 21 and 29 days. On average, bud swelling differed by 12 days between common gardens. However, this difference decreased to 4 days for complete leafing. Both factors site and seed origin affected bud burst, which represented the phenological plasticity and adaptation of sugar maple, respectively. Overall, the former (7.4–88.3%) contributed more than the latter (9.2–25.5%) to the variance in bud burst, despite the wide climatic range among the provenance origins compared with that at the two common gardens. Adaptation to local conditions provide the genetic tools for the survival of species across wide climatic ranges. Plasticity enables physiological responses of individuals to quick environmental changes. Our study demonstrated the major role of plasticity in bud phenology, and revealed the importance of investing resources in mechanisms dealing with the climatic challenges due to inter-annual variations in weather events.

Shoot responses of young red pine to watering applied over two seasons

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Early Fall

Young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) trees were grown under three watering treatments from late summer until early fall and under two watering treatments again the next spring. Size of apical buds, date of bud swell and bud burst in the spring, number of needle fascicles on the new shoots, shoot length, and needle-fascicle spacing were related to the first treatments. Most of these plant responses were correlated with bud size, and the correlations were unaffected by the spring watering treatments. The effect of treatments was on magnitude only, i.e. on mean sizes or mean numbers of the plant organs.In all cases in this experiment watering treatments during elongation had no effect on the results. Therefore in a species such as red pine, with determinate height growth, environment during bud formation played an important role in determining later shoot responses by acting on the bud size.Possibly the relationships reported here are genetically characteristic, unalterable by environment or at least by water alone. In this case the effect of environment on the trees was a proportionate increase or decrease in the size or number of plant organs.

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