scholarly journals How Timber Harvest Affects the Structure and Diversity of a Montane Forest in Southern Mexico

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Nayely Martínez-Meléndez ◽  
Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial ◽  
Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi ◽  
Manuel J. Cach-Pérez ◽  
José G. García-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Timber Extraction

Timber extraction directly affects forest structure by opening the canopy, reducing the density and volume of dominant species, and transforming the composition, diversity, and functioning of the forest. We analyze the richness, diversity, and basal area of tree species in a pine–oak montane forest under two stages of the Silvicultural Development Method (thinning and liberation cut treatments) in comparison with remnants of forest considered to be control treatment in the Ocotones forest. Timber extraction began 14 years previously but its effect on the tree structure has not been studied to date in this area. We quantified and measured all the trees with a diameter at breast height >5 cm in 12 0.1 ha circular plots in each treatment. Diversity (Hill numbers) and the importance value index were calculated in each treatment. Observed species richness did not differ between treatments; Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. and Quercus sapotifolia Liebm. were the dominant species regardless of treatment. The principal differences in density and basal area among the treatments were found between the small oaks and small pines. In general, tree density recovered in managed areas because of newly recruited pines and re-sprouting oaks. Although no significant reduction in species richness was detected between treatments, species composition and vegetation structure were modified by the extraction of pine timber and the permanence of many large oaks. Silvicultural treatments appear to create conditions favorable to the maintenance of species richness. The silvicultural interventions in the site meet the objectives of timber production, regeneration, and biodiversity conservation; however, the question of how long the forest can maintain its species diversity and structure after timber extraction remains to be addressed.

scholarly journals Floristic composition, diversity and structure of Khaya senegalensis stands in Benue Department, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Awé Djongmo Victor ◽  
Noiha Noumi Valery Valery ◽  
Madou Chantal Chantal ◽  
Zapfack Louis
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

The present work has been done to provide basic data for a better conservation and valorization ofKhaya senegalensis stands in Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. A 100 m x 50 m transectmethod was undertaken to measure floristic diversity through the use of species richness,Shannon index, Pielou equitability, Simpson index, importance value index and importance valuefamily. The vegetation structure is determined by density, basal area and biovolume. Theinventory included trees with a dbh ?10 cm on an area of 1 ha per plot. A total of 6743individuals distributed in 24 families, 33 genera and 54 species were inventoried in all Khayasenegalensis stands studied. Statistical analysis showed significant differences, Shannon index,Simpson index, Pielou equitability, density, basal area, biovolume, species richness, heights class,diameters class, circumferences class but does not certify a significant difference of importancevalue index among in the villages. The undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands is more diverseat Bamé with a Shannon diversity index (ISH=5.87 ± 0.12 bit). The greatest of Pielou equitabilityis observed at Bamé (EQ=0.80 ± 0.01). The largest of Simpson index is recorded at Bamé(D=0.098 ± 0.001). Khaya senegalensis Stands are denser at Bamé (194 ± 3.12 individuals/ha).The basal area and biovolume of Khaya senegalensis stands are very high at Bamé (BA=25.87 ±0.06 m2/ha and Biovolume =15.32 ± 0.012 m3/ha). The species importance value is maximal in allthe studied villages (SIV=300 ± 71.45). The importance value index of species revealed a cleardominance in the undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands are Combretum adenogonium;Acacia senegal; Terminalia laxiflora; Guiera senegalensis; Acacia nilotica; Entada Africana.The vertical structure has three aspects, like the L (Dbh), asymmetric (height) and dissymmetrical(circumference) structures attesting to a strong regeneration of the understory ligneous woods ofKhaya senegalensis stands studied.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Liana Species Richness and Structure following Anthropogenic Disturbance in a Tropical Forest, Ghana

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Addo-Fordjour ◽  
Philip El Duah ◽  
David Kafui Kudjo Agbesi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The study was conducted to determine the factors that influenced liana species richness and structure in forests of different disturbance intensities (high, moderate, and low disturbance forests) in the Southern Scarp Forest Reserve, Ghana. Within each forest, lianas (dbh  cm) were enumerated in six  m2 plots located along transects. Soil physicochemical properties and forest structure were determined within the plots. Liana species richness and abundance were significantly lower in the high disturbance forest () whereas basal area was significantly higher in the low disturbance forest (). Tree abundance and dbh significantly predicted liana species richness and structure in the study (). On the basis of the importance value index, three main liana communities, each corresponding with a forest type, were identified. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that exchangeable magnesium and calcium, and total exchangeable bases were the main soil variables that affected liana species richness. Liana structure was influenced by the above-mentioned soil variables as well as exchangeable potassium and sodium, and pH. The present study has demonstrated that changes in liana species richness and structure following human disturbance may be due to variations in soil properties and forest structure.

scholarly journals Community Composition and Distribution Pattern of Herbaceous Flora in Holi Area of District Chamba in Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-020
Author(s):  
Kehar Singh Thakur ◽  
◽  
Munesh Kumar ◽  
Rajan Bawa ◽  
Anita Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mean

The present study was carried out in Holi Forest Range of district Chamba, which is the north-west district of Himachal Pradesh and is located between latitude 32o17’412’’ to 32o26’541’’N and longitude 76o31’504’’ to 76o35’385’’E. The territory is completely mountainous with altitude varying from about 2,000 feet (610 m) to about 21,000 feet (6,400 m) above the mean sea level. The quantitative information of herbs was collected from different sites i.e., Deol, Kut, Dal, Lahaud Dhar. Frequency (%), Density (plants m-2), Basal Area (cm2), Importance Value Index (IVI) and A/F ratio of plant species at different sites were recorded. Poa alpina was found to have highest frequency (90%) closely followed by Jurinea dolomiaea (80%) and Biebersteinia odora has the lowest frequency of 10%. Poa alpina has the highest density (60.6 plants m-2) at Dal followed by Gentiana kurrooa (35.8 plants m-2). Moschela esculenta was found to have highest basal area (1.234 cm2) at Kut. Viola serpens was the dominant species with highest value of IVI (78.77) closely followed by Poa alpina (65.91), Gentiana kurrooa (65.37) and Jurinea dolomiaea (65.36). Most of the species were distributed randomly followed by contagious pattern of distribution and least species were reported for regular distribution pattern.

scholarly journals Assessment of tree diversity in distinctive deciduous forests of Suruli falls, Southern Western Ghats

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1093
Author(s):  
J Naveenkumar ◽  
Somaiah Sundarapandian
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Southern Western Ghats

A quantitative inventory was conducted in two distinctive tropical deciduous forests at Suruli falls forest of southern Western Ghats.  Two one-hectare plots were established and all trees >10cm DBH measured. Species richness, density, family importance value (FIV) and importance value index (IVI) were calculated and the results varied among the two sites. A total of 777 stems and 52 species were documented in both the sites and moist deciduous forest (MDF) had maximum number species richness and density than dry deciduous forest (DDF). The basal area was higher in MDF (502 stems/ha and 16.52 m2/ha) than in DDF (275 stems/ha and 7.23 m2/ha). However, Shannon and evenness indices showed a negative trend (DDF- 2.62, 0.41 and MDF- 2.37, 0.27). Diameter class-wise distribution of trees showed reverse ‘J shaped’ curve in both the forest types. Pterocarpus marsupium was the mono-dominant species holding one-third of the IVI (113), 27% of the stem density and 30% of the total basal area. DDF site is suspected to recurrence of annual fire. Anogeissus latifolia and Strychnos potatorum were the fire-tolerant species only found in lower diameter class. The maximum species shared contiguous distribution in the deciduous forests. The observed variations in the tree community between the two deciduous forest sites are possibly due to variations in altitude, rainfall, temperature, past disturbance, fire and edaphic characteristics.

scholarly journals TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN A PRISTINE MONTANE FOREST PREVIOUSLY UNTOUCHED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN FOJA MOUNTAINS, PAPUA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Sadili ◽  
Kuswata Kartawinata ◽  
Herwasono Soedjito ◽  
Edy Nasriadi Sambas
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Species Area

ADILI, A., KARTAWINATA, K., SOEDJITO, H. & SAMBAS, E. N. 2018. Tree species diversity in a pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities in Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 17(2): 133‒154. ‒‒ A study on structure and composition of the pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities was conducted at the Foja Mountains in November 2008. We established a one-hectare plot divided into 100 subplots of 10 m × 10 m each. We enumerated all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm which diameters were measured, heights were estimated and habitats were noted. We recorded 59 species, 42 genera and 27 families, comprising 693 trees with the total basal area (BA) of 41.35 m2/ha. The forest had lower species richness compared to those of lowland forests in Kalimantan, and Sumatra and montane forests in West Java. The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index was 3.22. Nothofagus rubra (Importance Value, IV=47.89%) and Parinari corymbosa (IV=40.3%) were the dominant species, constituting the basis for designating the forest as the Nothofagus rubra - Parinari corymbosa association. To date, the dominance of N. rubra is unique to the Foja Mountains, as elsewhere in Papua the montane forests were dominated by N. pullei or other species. The species-area curve indicated a minimal area of 5000 m2. On the family level Fagaceae (IV=53.23%), Chrysobalanaceae (IV=40.53%) and Myristicaceae (IV=26.43%) were dominant. Verti-cally the forest consisted of four strata (A–D). In each stratum Nothofagus rubra, Platea latifolia, Parinari corymbosa and Myristica hollrungii were dominant. The diameter class distribution of Nothofagus rubra, Parinari corymbosa and Platea latifolia led us to assume that these species were regenerating well.

scholarly journals Fuel beds variation of coastal tropical freshwater forested wetlands in three disturbance regimes at La Encrucijada, Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo de Jesús Barrios Calderón ◽  
Dulce Infante Mata ◽  
José Germán Flores Garnica ◽  
Jony Ramiro Torres Velázquez ◽  
Zulia Mayari Sánchez-Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Abstract Background: Tropical freshwater forested wetlands in coastal regions are rapidly disappearing, one of the causes is forest fires. This is caused by high accumulation of fuel beds that can vary in origin and type. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the fuel beds in tropical freshwater forested wetlands with three different level of disturbance at El Castaño, La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve.Methods: Seventeen sampling units were used to described the strates of forest fuel beds (canopy, sub-canopy and understory) in both the vertical and horizontal stratum. Quantity and quality of dead (fallen woody material, surface litterfall and fermented litterfall) fuels were characterized using the planars intersections technique.Results: A total of eight tree species, two shrubs, five lianas and two herbaceous species were found in tropical freshwater forested wetlands. The vertical structure concentrates the highest proportion of trees between 2 and 12 m high, including the first two defined height classes. The horizontal structure denotes a higher percentage of trees with a normal diameter between 2.5 to 7.5 cm (61.4%) of the total. The sites none disturbance presented the highest arboreal density (2,686 ind. ha− 1), however the highest basal area was found in the sites with medium disturbance (39.41 m2 ha− 1). The richness and diversity of species shows that the Fisher, Margalef, Shannon and Simpson α indices were higher in the sites undisturbed, while the Berger-Parker index shows greater dominance in the sites high disturbance. Pachira aquatica Aubl. was the species with the highest importance value index, and contributes the most to the fuel beds. The average accumulation of dead fuel beds was higher in sites with high disturbance (222.18 ± 33.62 t ha− 1), with the largest accumulations of woody fuels occurring in the 1 h, 10 h and 1000 h classes, the latter in a state of fermentation.Conclusions: It’s important to consider the probability of occurrence of surface fires is high. In these tropical freshwater forested wetlands, independent of disturbance, underground fires have the same probability and the intensity will depend on the depth of the organic matter layer. This study contributes define fire-prone areas in these ecosystems. The results are of great importance to design fire prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, North Gorontalo District, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
FAIZAL KASIM ◽  
MIFTAHUL KHAIR KADIM ◽  
SITTI NURSINAR ◽  
ZULKIFLI KARIM ◽  
ALDIN LAMALANGO
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
The Mean

Kasim F, Kadim MK, Nursinar S, Karim Z, Lamalango A. 2019. Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, North Gorontalo District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 259-266. This study aimed to investigate and compare the current status of mangrove areas, as well as the composition and species diversity of mangrove stands in both regions of Dudepo and Ponelo Islands. The results showed that the mangrove areas calculated using the segmentation method in classifying image of Landsat-8 OLI (acquisition on September 2017) were 279.46 ha (Dudepo Island) and 113.35 ha (Ponelo Island) respectively. A total of 13 species of true mangrove were recorded from both islands, using survey method from 9 transect lines (TL), with a distance ranging from 40 to 210 meters (1-6 quadrats) per transect. The mean densities of trees were 2133 ± 329.78 ha-1 (Dudepo Island) and 2111 ± 234.28 ha-1 (Ponelo Island), while those of saplings and seedlings were 58 ± 13.48 ha-1 and 1425 ± 113.96 ha-1 (Dudepo Island), and 79 ± 14.51 ha-1 and 2963 ± 443.22 ha-1 (Ponelo Island). The mean diameter and basal area were 19.73 ± 10.65 cm and 84.22 ± 67.67 m2ha-1 (Dudepo Island), 17.04 ± 1.46 cm and 60.07 ± 15.12 m2ha-1 (Ponelo Island), respectively. The Importance Value Index (IVI) ranged between 3.97-114.87 (Dudepo Island) and 6.04-82.18 (Ponelo Island). The dominant and codominant species based on IVI in both islands were Rhizophora apiculata Blume and R. stylosa Griff. The indexes of diversity, richness, and evenness of mangrove species in both islands were 0.34-1.70, 0.48-1.18, 0.47-0.94 (trees), 0.00-1.10, 0.00-1.82, 0.00-1.00 (saplings), and 0.00.-1.48, 0.00-1.44, 0.72-1.00 (seedlings), respectively. The Bray-Curtis similarity index between Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, based on the overall values of community attributes, was 0.75.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Coccinellidae Predator Pada Beberapa Ekosistem Perkebunan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Siska Chiko Efendi ◽  
Yaherwandi Yaherwandi ◽  
Ade Noferta ◽  
Aditya Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Important Value Index ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
Species Importance

The objectives of this research were to study the species diversity and to determine the dominant species of lady bird beetle predators in high land plantation ecosystem in West Sumatera. The samples were taken by hand collection and sweep net. The data of species diversity were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener index, evenness of species were analyzed by Simpson index, and  dominant species using important value index. The results showed that there were 91 individuals predator found which consisted of 7 species. The highest  species diversity (1.74) and evenness (0.89) were found in Pulau Punjung. The lowest diversity and evennes (1,40) and (0,75) was found in Koto Besar. The highest  species importance value index was 1,00, that was Menochillus sexmaculatus.

scholarly journals Population status of the tree Sacoglottis holdridgei (Humiriaceae) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Luis Guillermo Acosta-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Annual Mortality

<p>Isla del Coco is the only oceanic island in the Eastern Pacific with humid tropical climate. Its forests have a particular structure with a unique array of plant species and high endemism. There are few studies on the flora or forest monitoring on the island.  The population structure of <em>Sacoglottis holdridgei</em> was analyzed using data from six years with data points taken in 2006 and 2012, including sampling of regeneration in 2012.<em> Sacoglottis holdridgei </em>was the most important tree species, presenting in 2012 the highest Importance Value Index (190.7±21.8), abundance (158.5±40.3 Nha<sup>-1</sup> or 39.5 % of the forest) and basal area (15.6 m<sup>2</sup>ha<sup>-1 </sup>or 72.9 % of the forest). It was present in all three height strata with dominance in the highest. Annual mortality was reported at 3.3 % and recruitment at 1.2 %. The diameter distribution of forest fits the inverted <em>J</em> model, but not for the reported species of which only <em>S. holdridgei</em> tends to adjust for DBH&gt;40 cm. Regeneration fitted the inverted<em> J</em> model with values below those reported for continental forests. Even though it was the dominant species, <em>S. holdridgei </em>showed low regeneration values. This particular condition, give way hypotheses related to the introduction of species, species biology and climate change which could influence the future development of <em>S. holdridgei</em> and forests of Isla del Coco.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Vegetation management on private forestland can increase avian species richness and abundance

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse M Wood ◽  
Amy K Tegeler ◽  
Beth E Ross
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Abstract Conservation efforts on private lands are important for biodiversity conservation. On private lands in South Carolina, in the southeastern United States, forestry management practices (prescribed burning, thinning, herbicide application) are used to improve upland pine habitat for wildlife and timber harvest and are incentivized through U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Bill cost-share programs. Because many forest-dependent avian species have habitat requirements created primarily through forest management, data are needed on the effectiveness of these management activities. We studied privately owned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands in the South Carolina Piedmont region. Our objective was to understand how management practices influence avian species richness and abundance at local (forest stand) and landscape levels in relatively small stands (average ~28 ha). We surveyed 49 forest stands during 2 bird breeding seasons with traditional point counts and vegetation surveys. We evaluated the effects of management on pine stand characteristics, avian species richness, and abundance of state-designated bird species of concern. Repeated burning and thinning shifted stand conditions to open pine woodlands with reduced basal area and herbaceous understories. Stands with lower basal area supported greater avian species richness. Some species increased in abundance in response to active management (e.g., Brown-headed Nuthatch [Sitta pusilla] and Indigo Bunting [Passerina cyanea]), but relationships varied. Some species responded positively to increases in forest quantity at a landscape scale (1–5 km; e.g., Northern Bobwhite [Colinus virginianus]). We found species-rich avian communities and species of conservation concern on working timber lands, indicating that incentivized forest management on private lands can provide valuable habitat for wildlife.

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