Floristic composition, diversity and structure of Khaya senegalensis stands in Benue Department, Cameroon

The present work has been done to provide basic data for a better conservation and valorization ofKhaya senegalensis stands in Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. A 100 m x 50 m transectmethod was undertaken to measure floristic diversity through the use of species richness,Shannon index, Pielou equitability, Simpson index, importance value index and importance valuefamily. The vegetation structure is determined by density, basal area and biovolume. Theinventory included trees with a dbh ?10 cm on an area of 1 ha per plot. A total of 6743individuals distributed in 24 families, 33 genera and 54 species were inventoried in all Khayasenegalensis stands studied. Statistical analysis showed significant differences, Shannon index,Simpson index, Pielou equitability, density, basal area, biovolume, species richness, heights class,diameters class, circumferences class but does not certify a significant difference of importancevalue index among in the villages. The undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands is more diverseat Bamé with a Shannon diversity index (ISH=5.87 ± 0.12 bit). The greatest of Pielou equitabilityis observed at Bamé (EQ=0.80 ± 0.01). The largest of Simpson index is recorded at Bamé(D=0.098 ± 0.001). Khaya senegalensis Stands are denser at Bamé (194 ± 3.12 individuals/ha).The basal area and biovolume of Khaya senegalensis stands are very high at Bamé (BA=25.87 ±0.06 m2/ha and Biovolume =15.32 ± 0.012 m3/ha). The species importance value is maximal in allthe studied villages (SIV=300 ± 71.45). The importance value index of species revealed a cleardominance in the undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands are Combretum adenogonium;Acacia senegal; Terminalia laxiflora; Guiera senegalensis; Acacia nilotica; Entada Africana.The vertical structure has three aspects, like the L (Dbh), asymmetric (height) and dissymmetrical(circumference) structures attesting to a strong regeneration of the understory ligneous woods ofKhaya senegalensis stands studied.

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Floristic structure and ecological role of Rourea afzelii stand in three savannah ecosystems from Cameroon

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v8i1.157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11

Author(s):

Awé Djongmo Victor ◽

Noiha Noumi Valery ◽

Zapfack Louis

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Carbon Price ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Ecological Role ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Voluntary Market ◽

Floristic Structure

The present study investigated the floristic structure and ecological role of Rourea afzelii stands insavannah, forest galleries and swampy areas to Cameroon. An 80 m x 50 m transect method wasundertaken to measure floristic diversity using Shannon index, Pielou equitability, Simpson’s indexand the importance value index. The structure of Rourea afzelii stands is determined by density,basal area and biovolume. The results of this study show that Rourea afzelii stands are morediversified in savannah with a Shannon diversity index (ISH =4 ± 0.03bit). The highest log stabilityof Rourea afzelii stands is observed in the savannah (EQ=0.75 ± 0.008). The Simpson index of theRourea afzelii stands is larger in the forest gallery (D=0.088 ± 0.0022). Rourea afzelii Stands aredenser in savannah (113 ± 2.54 individuals/ha). The basal area and biovolume of Rourea afzeliistands are very high in swamp area (St=15.75 ± 0.02 m2/ha, Biov=9.08 ± 0.12 m3/ha). The diametricstructure has an asymmetrical “L” shaped appearance, indicating a strong regeneration of Roureaafzelii Stands in the three sites studied. Rourea afzelii Stands in forest galleries sequestered morecarbon (26.41 ± 0.0015 ton C/ha) than those in savannahs and swampy areas. This valuecorresponds to sequestration of carbon dioxide of 96.92 ± 0.82 ton CO2/ha. Economically, thiscorresponds to the CDM carbon price (290.77± 3.332 Euros/ha), a Voluntary Market Carbon Priceof 455.54 ± 1.908 Euros/ha, a REDD + carbon price of 9692 ± 8.152 Euros/ha. In conclusion, theresults of this study can be used in the context of protection and conservation as well as thedomestication of such a species.

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How Timber Harvest Affects the Structure and Diversity of a Montane Forest in Southern Mexico

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12070895 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 895

Author(s):

Nayely Martínez-Meléndez ◽

Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial ◽

Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi ◽

Manuel J. Cach-Pérez ◽

José G. García-Franco

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Basal Area ◽

Timber Harvest ◽

Montane Forest ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Southern Mexico ◽

Timber Extraction

Timber extraction directly affects forest structure by opening the canopy, reducing the density and volume of dominant species, and transforming the composition, diversity, and functioning of the forest. We analyze the richness, diversity, and basal area of tree species in a pine–oak montane forest under two stages of the Silvicultural Development Method (thinning and liberation cut treatments) in comparison with remnants of forest considered to be control treatment in the Ocotones forest. Timber extraction began 14 years previously but its effect on the tree structure has not been studied to date in this area. We quantified and measured all the trees with a diameter at breast height >5 cm in 12 0.1 ha circular plots in each treatment. Diversity (Hill numbers) and the importance value index were calculated in each treatment. Observed species richness did not differ between treatments; Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. and Quercus sapotifolia Liebm. were the dominant species regardless of treatment. The principal differences in density and basal area among the treatments were found between the small oaks and small pines. In general, tree density recovered in managed areas because of newly recruited pines and re-sprouting oaks. Although no significant reduction in species richness was detected between treatments, species composition and vegetation structure were modified by the extraction of pine timber and the permanence of many large oaks. Silvicultural treatments appear to create conditions favorable to the maintenance of species richness. The silvicultural interventions in the site meet the objectives of timber production, regeneration, and biodiversity conservation; however, the question of how long the forest can maintain its species diversity and structure after timber extraction remains to be addressed.

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Structure, composition and tree diversity in a temperate forest under management

Journal of Enviromental Sciences and Natural Resources ◽

10.35429/jesn.2019.15.5.29.35 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Antonio Mora-Santacruz ◽

María Leonor Román-Miranda ◽

Omar Nungaray-Villalobos ◽

Gerardo Alberto González-Cueva

Keyword(s):

Temperate Forest ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Basal Area ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

A Value ◽

Normal Diameter ◽

Area And Volume

In order to study both diversity indices and structure of forests, which are an essential tool for decision-making in forest management, which show natural successional processes and effects for its management. So the objetive of this study was to evaluate structure and diversity of arboral species in a temperate forest of southern Jalisco state. Five permanent forestry research sites 50 x 50 (2.500 m2) were established, and a census of all tree species was carried out, with normal diameter greater than 7.5 cm. Each individual was measured: height and normal diameter, placing an aluminum plate for identification. We obtained the importance value index (IVI), indices of diversity, richness, and dasometric parameters. There were 17 species, 9 genera and 9 botanical families; the Fagaceae was dominant. Pinus douglasiana presented the highest IVI (57.93%); The Shannon index had a value of 2.0; the index of Margalef was 2.4; the forest has a density of 688 trees ha-1, being the most abundant Styrax ramirezii; Pinus herrerae obtained the highest values in basal area and volume with 30.77 m2 ha-1 and 357,325 m3 ha-1 respectively. The values of diversity are influenced by elements of the cloud forest

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Grazing Effects on Species Composition in Rangelands of Upper Mustang, Nepal

Our Nature ◽

10.3126/on.v3i1.337 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

A. Pokharel

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Wet Season ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Unidentified Species ◽

Palatable Species ◽

Experimental Plots

Conservation and management of rangelands require clear understanding of species composition. The objective of this paper is to show the differences in species composition, abundance, mean cover and height between the grazed and ungrazed plots in a specific pasture of Lo Manthang VDC in Upper Mustang. Two seasons' data were collected during July (wet season) and November (dry season) 2005. Species richness, Importance Value Index (IVI), cover and height of the species compared between grazed and ungrazed plots. Twenty species (17 belonging to 14 families: high-7, medium- 2, low – 6 and non palatable – 2 and 3 unidentified species) were recorded in the experimental plots. Species richness didn’t show any significant difference in between the ungrazed and grazed plots in both the seasons. On the basis of IVI value, Kobresia spp. a highly palatable species is dominant in the ungrazed plots in both the seasons. A significant difference (Chi2, p < 0.05, d.f. = 7) in cover during July indicates that the pasture has some impact of grazing.Key words: Conservation, Grazed and ungrazed plots, Management, Rangeland, Species compositiondoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.337Our Nature (2005) 3: 69-76

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CONTRIBUTION OF AGROFORESTS IN ADAPTATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS: ESTIMATING THE PHYTODIVERSITY AND C SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL IN 8-, 16- AND 24-YEAR-OLD OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS AGROFORESTS IN NORTHERN CAMEROON (TROPICAL AFRICA)

International Journal of Big Data Mining for Global Warming ◽

10.1142/s2630534820500102 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2050010

Author(s):

V. NOIHA NOUMI ◽

P. KOUAM KAMNING ◽

C. KAMDOUM DEMGUIA ◽

L. ZAPFACK

Keyword(s):

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Basal Area ◽

Allometric Equation ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Sequestration Potential

The study aims at assessing the agrobiodiversity and carbon stocks by the pine agroforests in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Cameroon. Five [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m sampling transects were established in each chronosequence, it was undertaken to assess the growth characteristics and biomass. Estimates of stocks of carbon in aboveground biomass, belowground biomass (BGB), total biomass (TB) and CO2 equivalent stock were incorporated in allometric equation based on nondestructive method. A total of 24 species from 23 genera and 17 families were inventoried. Annona senegalensis, Syzygium guineensis and Hymenocardia acida contributed the most to the importance value index (IVI). Density ranged between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] stems/ha; basal area between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2/ha; Shannon index between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] with the highest value for 8-year-old stands; Pielou’s evenness between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] with the lowest value in 24-year-old stands. Aboveground biomass ranged between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] Mg C/ha with the highest value in 16-year-old stands; belowground carbon from [Formula: see text] Mg C/ha to [Formula: see text] Mg C/ha and total carbon from [Formula: see text] Mg C/ha to [Formula: see text] Mg C/ha. The sequestration potential ranged from [Formula: see text] Mg CO[Formula: see text]/ha to [Formula: see text] Mg CO[Formula: see text]/ha. The sequestration rates were 84.77, 49.7 and 28.6 Mg CO[Formula: see text].ha[Formula: see text]yr[Formula: see text] in 8-, 16- and 24-year-old stands, respectively. Although our data reported that pine stands hosted a few number of species; they are true carbon sinks and useful to the REED[Formula: see text] community.

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Factors Influencing Liana Species Richness and Structure following Anthropogenic Disturbance in a Tropical Forest, Ghana

ISRN Forestry ◽

10.1155/2013/920370 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Patrick Addo-Fordjour ◽

Philip El Duah ◽

David Kafui Kudjo Agbesi

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Forest Structure ◽

Forest Type ◽

Basal Area ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Soil Variables ◽

Species Richness And Abundance

The study was conducted to determine the factors that influenced liana species richness and structure in forests of different disturbance intensities (high, moderate, and low disturbance forests) in the Southern Scarp Forest Reserve, Ghana. Within each forest, lianas (dbh cm) were enumerated in six m2 plots located along transects. Soil physicochemical properties and forest structure were determined within the plots. Liana species richness and abundance were significantly lower in the high disturbance forest () whereas basal area was significantly higher in the low disturbance forest (). Tree abundance and dbh significantly predicted liana species richness and structure in the study (). On the basis of the importance value index, three main liana communities, each corresponding with a forest type, were identified. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that exchangeable magnesium and calcium, and total exchangeable bases were the main soil variables that affected liana species richness. Liana structure was influenced by the above-mentioned soil variables as well as exchangeable potassium and sodium, and pH. The present study has demonstrated that changes in liana species richness and structure following human disturbance may be due to variations in soil properties and forest structure.

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Composição florística e estrutural de um componente arbóreo em área de cerrado, Paranã-TO

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i5.3807 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

A. B. M. L. Rêgo ◽

P. B. Souza ◽

R. R. Silva ◽

P. L. Rêgo

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Closed Area ◽

Absolute Density ◽

Density Values ◽

Individual Trees

O Cerrado Brasileiro apresenta uma enorme diversidade de fitofisionomias divididas em formações florestais, savânicas e campestres. Com o objetivo de estudar a composição florística e estrutural de um fragmento de cerrado sensu stricto, a fim de fornecer subsídios para conservação e manejo adequado de áreas similares. Foram instaladas sistematicamente quatro parcelas de 25x100m, sendo que as mesmas foram distanciadas 25 m entre si, perfazendo um total de 1,0 hectare de área amostral. No interior das parcelas, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos, com circunferência a 1,30m do solo (CAP) maior ou igual a 15 cm. Para obtenção dos parâmetros fitossociológicos densidade relativa (DR), densidade absoluta (DA), dominância absoluta (DoA), dominância relativa (DoR), frequência absoluta (FA), frequência relativa (FR), índice de valor de importância (IVI), índice de valor de cobertura (IVC), índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) e Pielou (J). Foram amostrados 245 indivíduos, distribuídos em 29 espécies, 29 gêneros pertencentes a 20 famílias, o que corresponde a uma área basal total de 1,94 m².ha-1 e densidade absoluta estimada de 327 ind.ha-1. As espécies que apresentaram maiores valores de (IVI) foram Qualea parviflora (38,45%), Curatella americana (34,53%), Byrsonima verbascifolia (32,20%), Psidium incanescens (31,89%), Pterodon emarginatus (18,62%) e Anachardium humile (18,34%). Qualea parviflora foi a espécie mais representativa dentro do componente arbóreo o que se conclui aos altos valores de densidade e dominância nos estratos.Floristic composition and structural components of a tree in closed area in the municipality of Parana-Tocantins Abstract: The Brazilian Cerrado presents a huge diversity of vegetation types divided into forests, savannas and country. In order to study the floristic and structural composition of a cerrado fragment in order to provide subsidies for conservation and proper management of similar areas. Systematically they were installed four installments of 25x100 m, being that they were spaced 25 m apart, totaling 1.0 hectare sample area. Inside the plots were sampled every shrub and individual trees with circumference at 1.30 m soil (CAP) greater than or equal to 15 cm. To obtain the Phytosociological relative density parameters (DR), absolute density (DA), absolute dominance (DoA), relative dominance (DoR), absolute frequency (AF), relative frequency (RF), importance value index (IVI) Coverage value index (CVI), Shannon diversity index (H ') and Pielou (J). We sampled 245 individuals belonging to 29 species, 29 genera belonging to 20 families, which corresponds to a basal area of 1.94 m².ha-1 and estimated absolute density of 327 ind.ha-1. The species showing higher values of (IVI) were Qualea parviflora (38.45%), American Curatella (34.53%), Byrsonima verbascifolia (32.20%), Psidium incanescens (31.89%), Pterodon emarginatus (18.62%) and Anachardium humile (18.34%). Qualea parviflora was the most representative species within the arboreal component which is concluded to high density values and dominance in the strata.

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Assessment of tree diversity in distinctive deciduous forests of Suruli falls, Southern Western Ghats

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i4.1879 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1085-1093

Author(s):

J Naveenkumar ◽

Somaiah Sundarapandian

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Western Ghats ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Basal Area ◽

Deciduous Forests ◽

Stem Density ◽

Diameter Class ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Southern Western Ghats

A quantitative inventory was conducted in two distinctive tropical deciduous forests at Suruli falls forest of southern Western Ghats. Two one-hectare plots were established and all trees >10cm DBH measured. Species richness, density, family importance value (FIV) and importance value index (IVI) were calculated and the results varied among the two sites. A total of 777 stems and 52 species were documented in both the sites and moist deciduous forest (MDF) had maximum number species richness and density than dry deciduous forest (DDF). The basal area was higher in MDF (502 stems/ha and 16.52 m2/ha) than in DDF (275 stems/ha and 7.23 m2/ha). However, Shannon and evenness indices showed a negative trend (DDF- 2.62, 0.41 and MDF- 2.37, 0.27). Diameter class-wise distribution of trees showed reverse ‘J shaped’ curve in both the forest types. Pterocarpus marsupium was the mono-dominant species holding one-third of the IVI (113), 27% of the stem density and 30% of the total basal area. DDF site is suspected to recurrence of annual fire. Anogeissus latifolia and Strychnos potatorum were the fire-tolerant species only found in lower diameter class. The maximum species shared contiguous distribution in the deciduous forests. The observed variations in the tree community between the two deciduous forest sites are possibly due to variations in altitude, rainfall, temperature, past disturbance, fire and edaphic characteristics.

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Avifaunal Diversity of Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda Metropolis, Nepal

Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal ◽

10.3126/forestry.v17i0.33624 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 83-101

Author(s):

Santish Bajagain ◽

Santosh Pokhrel ◽

Shishila Baniya ◽

Aavas Pradhan ◽

Surakchya Paudel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Bird Species ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Red List ◽

Line Transect ◽

Simpson Index ◽

Point Count ◽

Bird Habitat

Avifaunal diversity is the measure of species diversity via species richness and evenness. To this aim, avifaunal survey was conducted in the Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda from November 2017 to June 2018. Using line transect and point count methods, 132 species of birds were recorded, representing 15 orders and 44 families. Three species of these birds are in IUCN Red List while 90, 27 and 15 species are residential, visitor and migrant respectively. Higher Shannon diversity index (4.47) and Margalef index (18.78) indicate marked diversity and richness of bird species. A high value calculated for the Simpson index (0.98) represents higher evenness within the species individuals. Although, Pielou’s evenness index (0.92) shows uniformity in the species distribution, Shannon index seems to be influenced by diversity index, species richness and evenness values. The avifaunal diversity in the study area shows the importance of the Institute of Forestry Complex as a suitable bird habitat.

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Struktur Floristik Hutan di Kawasan Lindung Sempadan Sungai dalam Areal Hutan Tanaman Industri

Jurnal Natur Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jnat.10.1.24-30 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Nurul Qomar ◽

Bahdarsyah Bahdarsyah ◽

P Agung Nugroho ◽

Rahmi A Rohaini ◽

Ahmad Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Forest Type ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Acacia Mangium ◽

Basal Area ◽

Pole Density ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Importance Value ◽

Swamp Forest

This study was carried out in riparian conservation forests within a monospecific pulpwood estate in Sorek,Pelalawan District, Riau. The remaining natural forests comprised lowland rainforest (at Sei Buluh and Tolamriversides), mixed swamp forest (at Telayap riverside), and pole forest (at Rangsang riverside). The objective of thecurrent study was to describe the floristic structure of each forest type at the conservation areas in concern.Fifteen transects (width of 20 m) were established at all sites with a total length of 8.080 m. Quadrates plots of 20x 20 m were established with continue on these transect for tree sampling (dbh > 20 cm) and smaller quadrates(10 x 10 m) were nested on each one of the former for pole sampling (dbh 10 – 20 cm). The parameters used in thisstudy were Importance Value (IV), species richness (Margalef Index = R1 and Menhinick Index = R2), and Diversity Index (Shannon = H’ and Simpson = D). Results showed that in tree stratum, the largest basal area (11.25 m2ha-1) and the highest diversity was found at Telayap’s riverside (H’ = 3.70 and D = 0.98). Species richness was most profound at Tolam riverside (R1 = 10.43 and R2 = 2.83). Rangsang’s riverside possessed the highest tree density (105 individuals ha-1) but with the smallest dbh (26.5 cm). This forest was a peat-swamp forest predominating by bintangur (Calophyllum pulcherimum). At the pole stratum, the largest basal area (7.00 m2ha-1) and the highest diversity was found at Tolam riverside (H’ = 3.39 and D = 0.96). Species richness was most profound at Telayap’s riverside (R1 = 8.89 and R2 = 2.64). The highest pole density (380 individuals ha-1) was observed at Sei Buluh’s riverside, in which mempening (Quercus lucida Roxb.) was predominating. Acacia mangium was establishing very well at all sites, indicating its adaptability and potentially invasive feature.

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