scholarly journals Activity of 137Cs and 40K Isotopes in Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Stands of Different Ages in a Selected Area of Eastern Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Strzałek ◽  
Katarzyna Barczak ◽  
Jadwiga Karwowska ◽  
Elżbieta Królak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Growing Age

Research Highlights: a forest is an ecosystem that allows for the assessment of radioactive contamination of the environment over several decades. (1) Background and Objectives: measurements of the activity of the 137Cs isotope in various elements of a forest ecosystem are one of the most important parameters in the assessment of radioisotope contamination. The translocation of 137Cs in the environment is determined by the activity of the natural 40K isotope in soil. The activities of 137Cs and 40K isotopes were assessed in two stands of Betula pendula and Pinus sylvestris, differing in age (30, 50, and 80 years old); (2) Materials and Methods: the research was conducted in one of the forest districts of eastern Poland. Wood, litter, and soil were collected for the tests from the sampling sites. The activity of 137Cs and 40K was determined using the γ-spectrometric method. Based on the activity of these isotopes in wood and soil, the values of translocation factors (TF) were determined; (3) Results: the highest activity of 137Cs was recorded in the wood of the oldest stands, the growth period of which coincided with the time period of intensive testing with nuclear weapons. With the growing age of the stand, the value of TF 137Cs increased, while the value of TF 40K was not dependent on the age of the stands. Birch wood accumulated more 137Cs and 40K isotopes than pine wood. (4) Conclusions: the results show a much greater radioactive contamination of the environment in eastern Poland during the testing with nuclear weapons than after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion. The greater accumulation of radiocesium in birch wood than in pine wood predisposes this species to be more useful when assessing the radioactive contamination of the environment from the past.

scholarly journals Accumulation of 90Sr by Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula in the zone of radioactive contamination (East Ural Radioactive Trace, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Mikhailovskaya ◽  
Vera Pozolotina ◽  
Makar Modorov ◽  
Vladimir Kukarskih ◽  
Valentina Guseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Radioactive Trace

Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Composition of the Wood of Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula and Populus tremula

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
P. Yu. Voronin ◽  
V. A. Mukhin ◽  
T. A. Velivetskaya ◽  
A. V. Ignatiev ◽  
Vl. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Composition

scholarly journals ФІТОТОКСИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ДЕЯКИХ ДЕРЕВНИХ РОСЛИН

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3(43)) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Мегалінська Г. П. ◽  
Пакірбаєва Л. В. ◽  
Білик Ж. І. ◽  
Даниленко Є. В. ◽  
Гатальська Є. О.
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity

The results of the study of phytotoxic effects of water extracts from Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula Roth, Quercus robur L., Picea abies (L.) Karst. P. excelsa Link, Carpinus betulus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus tremula L., Crataegus submollis L. are presented. For а comparison of the phytotoxic activity of the investigated plants was used to measure the change in the intensity of the mitotic division, depending on the concentration of aqueous extraction of plant material (tangent trend curve of cytostatic activity). According to this parameter, the following row of phytotoxic activity of wood species can be ordered: Populus tremula, Betula pendula, Robinia pseudoacacia, Carpinus betulus, Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Pinus sylvestris. Water extract Quercus robur and Picea abies have discovered a phyto-stimulating effect. The results of the study allow us to discuss the possibility of introducing the parameter of the phytotoxicity coefficient to determine the allelopathic effect in the tree-tree system.

Effect of thermomechanical densification of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) on cutting forces and roughness during milling

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Barbara Białowąs ◽  
Karol Szymanowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Modified Wood

Effect of thermomechanical densification of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) on cutting forces and roughness during milling. The paper presents the results of research concerning the assessment of machinability of pine wood thermomechanically compacted. The assessment was made on the basis of the cutting forces and surface roughness after the milling process. Selected properties of native and modified wood were examined. Based on the research, it was found that compacted wood is characterized by higher cutting forces during milling. The surface quality after milling was examined and the roughness index Ra values were determined. The research shows that the modified wood is characterized by a lower Ra value both along and across the grain. Statistical analysis showed that the modification had a statistically significant effect on the values of cutting forces and the physical and mechanical properties of the tested wood.

Birch (Betula pendula) Wood Discolouration during Drying. Effect of Environmental Factors and Wood Location in the Trunk

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Luostarinen ◽  
V. Möttönen ◽  
A. Asikainen ◽  
J. Luostarinen
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Conventional Drying ◽  
Considerable Problem ◽  
Dry Wood

Summary Birch wood discolours during artificial drying, which is a considerable problem for the use of birch as raw material in the mechanical wood industry. In this investigation sample boards of Betula pendula were sawn to the dimensions used as raw material for parquet billets. The variables studied were those that may affect wood discolouration: growing site, felling date, length of the storage period for logs and location of the wood in the trunk. Discoloration of birch wood was studied in conventional and vacuum drying processes. The wood layer of about 2–5 mm under the yellow surface of conventionally dried boards remained light-coloured, while the inner wood of the boards became discoloured. During vacuum drying, however, the inner wood of sample boards clearly became discoloured. The radial location of the wood in the trunk affected the colour of dried wood more than the longitudinal location did. To keep the colour of dry wood as light as possible, it may be best to fell birch in winter and store the wood for several weeks before conventional drying. On the other hand, the lightest coloured wood obtained during vacuum drying was from autumnfelled five weeks stored birches, which may indicate differences in the process of discoloration in these two drying methods.

Nuclear disasters and invisible spectacles

Asian Cinema ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Effects ◽  
Japanese Cinema ◽  
The One

The violence of nuclear catastrophe is fundamentally contradictory. On the one hand, when caused by nuclear weapons, it is highly visible and often spectacular. As is the case with exposure to a large dose of radiation, the consequence of this violence can be instantaneous, too. On the other hand, odourless and invisible, radiation is beyond direct human perception. Furthermore, the deadly effect of radiation often manifests itself gradually over many years or even decades. This paradox of nuclear violence on human lives and the environment, which is simultaneously hypervisible and invisible, poses a particular challenge to film and other types of visual media. In this article, I examine how Japanese cinema has long been struggling with the complex and contradictory relationship between the nuclear question and visual culture. Many Japanese filmmakers, including well-known auteurs like Kurosawa Akira and those who specialize in popular genre movies such as tokusatsu eiga (‘special effects movies’), have tried to overcome the challenge of representing the invisibility of nuclear violence and radioactive contamination of the environment. I discuss how popular Japanese cinema has experimented with various formal and stylistic means to make the invisibility of nuclear violence perceptible or imaginable.

Analysing species-specific light transmission and related crown characteristics of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula using a shoot-level 3D model

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 929-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lintunen ◽  
Pekka Kaitaniemi ◽  
Jari Perttunen ◽  
Risto Sievänen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Ray Casting ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crown Characteristics ◽  
Species Specific

This is a first attempt to analyse species-specific light attenuation in mixed boreal forests created by shoot-level 3D tree models. The models are configurations of real individual Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) trees grown in mixed-forest stands. We study species-specific differences in radiation transmission by using the ray-casting method. Light transmission was found to be higher in dense birch-dominated stands compared with dense pine-dominated stands because of the higher total foliage area and the higher location of foliage in the pine canopy. Transmission of light per leaf area index (LAI) was nevertheless higher in the pine canopy compared with the birch canopy because of foliage clumping. Especially in clumped canopy, species-specific shoot-level light simulations enable a more realistic estimation of light transmission compared with simpler calculations based on LAI and Beer–Lambert’s law. The observed differences in light-transmission characteristics of the studied species may influence the development of target crowns in the neighbourhood. Light attenuation caused by the dense foliage zone in the upper pine canopy could be avoided in dense stands by mixing species with different vertical foliage distributions.

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