scholarly journals Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Leakage from Storage Aquifers

Fluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Heidari ◽  
Hassan Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Saline Aquifers ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Co2 Leakage ◽  
Deep Saline Aquifers ◽  
The Impact

Long-term geological storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers offers the possibility of sustaining access to fossil fuels while reducing emissions. However, prior to implementation, associated risks of CO2 leakage need to be carefully addressed to ensure safety of storage. CO2 storage takes place by several trapping mechanisms that are active on different time scales. The injected CO2 may be trapped under an impermeable rock due to structural trapping. Over time, the contribution of capillary, solubility, and mineral trapping mechanisms come into play. Leaky faults and fractures provide pathways for CO2 to migrate upward toward shallower depths and reduce the effectiveness of storage. Therefore, understanding the transport processes and the impact of various forces such as viscous, capillary and gravity is necessary. In this study, a mechanistic model is developed to investigate the influence of the driving forces on CO2 migration through a water saturated leakage pathway. The developed numerical model is used to determine leakage characteristics for different rock formations from a potential CO2 storage site in central Alberta, Canada. The model allows for preliminary analysis of CO2 leakage and finds applications in screening and site selection for geological storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers.

3D modelling and capacity estimation of potential targets for CO2 storage in the Adriatic Sea, Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-117
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Proietti ◽  
Marko Cvetković ◽  
Bruno Saftić ◽  
Alessia Conti ◽  
Valentina Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Saline Aquifers ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Capacity Estimation

One of the most innovative and effective technologies developed in recent decades for reducing carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere is CCS (Carbon Capture & Storage). It consists of capture, transport and injection of CO2 produced by energy production plants or other industries. The injection takes place in deep geological formations with the suitable geometrical and petrophysical characteristics to permanently trap CO2 in the subsurface, which is called geological storage. In the development process of a potential geological storage site, correct capacity estimation of the injectable volumes of CO2 is one of the most important aspects. There are various approaches to estimate CO2 storage capacities for potential traps, including geometrical equations, dynamic modelling, numerical modelling, and 3D modelling. In this work, generation of three-dimensional petrophysical models and equations for calculation of the storage volumesare used to estimate the effective storage capacity of four potential saline aquifers in the Adriatic Sea offshore. The results show how different saline aquifers, with different lithologies at favourable depths, can host a fair amount of CO2, that will imply a further and more detailed feasibility studies for each of these structures. A detailed analysis is carried out for each saline aquifer identified, varying the parameters of each structure identified, and adapting them for a realistic estimate of potential geological storage capacity.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage

scholarly journals Aquifer-CO2 Leak project: Physicochemical characterization of the CO2 leakage impact on a carbonate shallow freshwater aquifer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anélia Petit ◽  
Adrian Cerepi ◽  
Corinne Loisy ◽  
Olivier Le Roux ◽  
Léna Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Carbonate

<p>This work is part of the Aquifer CO<sub>2</sub>-Leak project, started in 2018 for a 4-years duration and that aims at evaluating the impact of CO<sub>2</sub> leakages from a geological storage site and developing new monitoring tools and methodologies. The present study aims to understand, quantify and model the environmental impact of a CO<sub>2</sub> leak on water quality in the carbonate freshwater aquifer and understanding CO<sub>2</sub>-water-carbonate interactions.</p><p>This research has been performed on an experimental site located in Saint-Emilion (Gironde, France), in an underground quarry within a 30-meter-thick carbonate formation dated to the Upper Oligocene. The facies vary from wackestone to grainstone, and are associated with high values of porosity (from 25 to 45%) and permeability (between 5 and 20 D). A gas mixture, composed of CO<sub>2</sub> (90%), He (9%) and Kr (1%), was injected in the aquifer through a borehole located upstream hydraulic gradient. The total injected volume was 200 liters for 1h30.</p><p>The seven other boreholes downstream in the injection well were fitted with in-situ probes which automatically measured pH, electrical conductivity, and CO<sub>2</sub> fraction. Periodic water samplings have been undertaken, to determine the elementary concentrations by ionic chromatography. The spread of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in the freshwater aquifer has influenced the physicochemical parameters at the various measurement points and thus has been followed in the time.</p><p>The interaction between the CO<sub>2</sub> and the limestones causes the dissolution of the calcite, releasing Ca<sup>2+</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> in the solution, which are distributed between H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>. The comparison of the results before and after the passage of the plume highlights a dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> concentration increase, combined with an increase of electrical conductivity and temperature, as well as a decrease in pH values.</p><p>The evolution of the physicogeochemical signature in the aquifer allow to understand the reactive and transport processes during a migration of a CO<sub>2</sub> plume in a leakage context. The acquisition of these results will make possible to model a leakage in a complex natural reservoir.  Electrical conductivity and pH measurements seem to be excellent indicators for monitoring a gas plume during CO<sub>2</sub> geological storage. The laboratory analyzes lead to better understand the CO<sub>2</sub>-water-carbonate interactions produced at the field scale and the relationships with petrophysical properties.</p><p>Batch measurements study the evolution of the electrical conductivity, monitored as a function of the CO<sub>2 </sub>concentrations. Comparison of experiments using only water, water and sand or water and limestone, have shown that only the presence of carbonate ions allows an increase in this geophysical parameter.</p><p> </p><p>By means of these different tools and measures, the propagation of a CO<sub>2 </sub>leak will be followed through the modification of physicochemical parameters in the aquifer. This should also change the electrical resistivity values across the unsaturated zone. The electrical resistivity tomography should be a complementary tool in order to support these results, and to represent a 3D image plus time of the CO<sub>2</sub> plume.</p>

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Geological CO2 Storage on the Hydrodynamic Field of a Reservoir

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Zhaoxu Mi ◽  
Fugang Wang ◽  
Zhijie Yang ◽  
Xufeng Li ◽  
Yujie Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Field ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Deep Reservoir ◽  
The Impact

CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers is an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. The injection of CO2 inevitably causes a significant pressure increase in reservoirs. When there exist faults which cut through a deep reservoir and shallow aquifer system, there is a risk of the shallow aquifer being impacted by the changes in reservoir hydrodynamic fields. In this paper, a radial model and a 3D model are established by TOUGH2-ECO2N for the reservoir system in the CO2 geological storage demonstration site in the Junggar Basin to analyze the impact of the CO2 injection on the deep reservoir pressure field and the possible influence on the surrounding shallow groundwater sources. According to the results, the influence of CO2 injection on the reservoir pressure field in different periods and different numbers of well is analyzed. The result shows that the number of injection wells has a significant impact on the reservoir pressure field changes. The greater the number of injection wells is, the greater the pressure field changes. However, after the cessation of CO2 injection, the number of injection wells has little impact on the reservoir pressure recovery time. Under the geological conditions of the site and the constant injection pressure, although the CO2 injection has a significant influence on the pressure field in the deep reservoir, the impact on the shallow groundwater source area is minimal and can be neglected and the existing shallow groundwater sources are safe in the given project scenarios.

Assessment of 4D seismic repeatability and CO2 detection limits using a sparse permanent land array at the Aquistore CO2 storage site

Geophysics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. WA1-WA13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. N. Roach ◽  
Donald J. White ◽  
Brian Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Processing Sequence ◽  
Time Migration ◽  
Receiver Array ◽  
Co2 Detection ◽  
4D Seismic ◽  
The Impact

Two 3D time-lapse seismic surveys were acquired in 2012 and 2013 at the Aquistore [Formula: see text] storage site prior to the start of [Formula: see text] injection. Using these surveys, we determined the background time-lapse noise at the site and assessed the feasibility of using a sparse areal permanent receiver array as a monitoring tool. Applying a standard processing sequence to these data, we adequately imaged the reservoir at 3150–3350 m depth. Evaluation of the impact of each processing step on the repeatability revealed a general monotonic increase in similarity between the data sets as a function of processing. The prestack processing sequence reduced the normalized root mean squared difference (nrms) from 1.13 between the raw stacks to 0.13 after poststack time migration. The postmigration cross-equalization sequence further reduced the global nrms to 0.07. A simulation of the changes in seismic response due to a range of [Formula: see text] injection scenarios suggested that [Formula: see text] was detectable within the reservoir at the Aquistore site provided that zones of greater thickness than 6–13 m have reached [Formula: see text] saturations of greater than 5%.

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