scholarly journals Ago1 Affects the Virulence of the Fungal Plant Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Michael Habig ◽  
Klaas Schotanus ◽  
Kim Hufnagel ◽  
Petra Happel ◽  
Eva H. Stukenbrock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Rnai Pathway ◽  
Chromosome Stability ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Rnai Machinery ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogen ◽  
Host Infection

In host-pathogen interactions RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a pivotal mechanism to modify both, the immune responses of the host as well as the pathogenicity and virulence of the pathogen. In addition, in some fungi RNAi is also known to affect chromosome biology via its effect on chromatin conformation. Previous studies reported no effect of the RNAi machinery on the virulence of the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici however the role of RNAi is still poorly understood in this species. Herein, we elucidate whether the RNAi machinery is conserved within the genus Zymoseptoria. Moreover, we conduct functional analyses of Argonaute and Dicer-like proteins and test if the RNAi machinery affects chromosome stability. We show that the RNAi machinery is conserved among closely related Zymoseptoria species while an exceptional pattern of allelic diversity was possibly caused by introgression. The deletion of Ago1 reduced the ability of the fungus to produce asexual propagules in planta in a quantitative matter. Chromosome stability of the accessory chromosome of Z. tritici was not prominently affected by the RNAi machinery. These results indicate, in contrast to previous finding, a role of the RNAi pathway during host infection, but not in the stability of accessory chromosomes in Z. tritici.

scholarly journals Chromatin Dynamics Contribute to the Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Virulence Genes in a Fungal Plant Pathogen

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Meile ◽  
Jules Peter ◽  
Guido Puccetti ◽  
Julien Alassimone ◽  
Bruce A. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Chromatin Modifications ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogen

ABSTRACT Dynamic changes in transcription profiles are key for the success of pathogens in colonizing their hosts. In many pathogens, genes associated with virulence, such as effector genes, are located in regions of the genome that are rich in transposable elements and heterochromatin. The contribution of chromatin modifications to gene expression in pathogens remains largely unknown. Using a combination of a reporter gene-based approach and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that the heterochromatic environment of effector genes in the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is a key regulator of their specific spatiotemporal expression patterns. Enrichment in trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 dictates the repression of effector genes in the absence of the host. Chromatin decondensation during host colonization, featuring a reduction in this repressive modification, indicates a major role for epigenetics in effector gene induction. Our results illustrate that chromatin modifications triggered during host colonization determine the specific expression profile of effector genes at the cellular level and, hence, provide new insights into the regulation of virulence in fungal plant pathogens. IMPORTANCE Fungal plant pathogens possess a large repertoire of genes encoding putative effectors, which are crucial for infection. Many of these genes are expressed at low levels in the absence of the host but are strongly induced at specific stages of the infection. The mechanisms underlying this transcriptional reprogramming remain largely unknown. We investigated the role of the genomic environment and associated chromatin modifications of effector genes in controlling their expression pattern in the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Depending on their genomic location, effector genes are epigenetically repressed in the absence of the host and during the initial stages of infection. Derepression of effector genes occurs mainly during and after penetration of plant leaves and is associated with changes in histone modifications. Our work demonstrates the role of chromatin in shaping the expression of virulence components and, thereby, the interaction between fungal pathogens and their plant hosts.

scholarly journals Small RNA bidirectional crosstalk during the interaction between wheat andZymoseptoria tritici

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Nicolas Bologna ◽  
Javier Palma-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Lower Expression

AbstractCross-kingdom RNAi has been shown to play important roles during plant pathogen interactions. But this cross-kingdom RNAi was still unexplored in the wheat-Zymoseptoria triticipathosystem. Here we performed a detailed analysis of the sRNA bidirectional crosstalk between wheat andZ.tritici. Using a combination of sRNA-seq and mRNA-seq we were able to identify known and novel sRNAs and study their expression and their action on putative targets in both wheat andZ.tritici. We predicted the target genes of all the sRNAs in either wheat orZ.triticitranscriptome and used degradome analysis to validate the cleavage of these gene transcripts. We could not find any clear evidence of a cross-kingdom RNAi in this pathosystem. We also found that the fungal sRNA enrichment was lowerin plantathan duringin vitrogrowth, probably due to the lower expression of the only Dicer gene of the fungus during plant infection. However, we found a downregulation of specific wheat sRNAs during the fungal infection, leading to a boost expression of wheat defense related genes, which may be enhancing the plant defense ability against the pathogen. Additionally, the fungal infection also induced sRNAs regulating the expression of specific wheat genes, including auxin related genes, as an immune response. These results confirm the role of sRNAs in the regulation of wheat defenses duringZ.triticiinfection. Our findings contribute to improve our understanding of the interactions between wheat andZ.tritici.

scholarly journals Development of a rapid multiplex SSR genotyping method to study populations of the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique Gautier ◽  
Thierry C Marcel ◽  
Johann Confais ◽  
Charles Crane ◽  
Gert Kema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Genotyping Method ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogen ◽  
Ssr Genotyping

scholarly journals Morphological changes in response to environmental stresses in the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Sardinha Francisco ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Maria Manuela Zwyssig ◽  
Bruce A. McDonald ◽  
Javier Palma-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogen

Transcriptome analysis unravels RNAi pathways genes and putative expansion of CYP450 gene family in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula(Ishida)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Gupta ◽  
Satnam singh ◽  
Gurmeet Kaur ◽  
Suneet Pandher ◽  
Noorpreet Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Rnai Pathway ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Rnai Machinery ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Amrasca Biguttula Biguttula ◽  
Important Pest

Abstract Amrasca biguttula biguttula is an important pest of cotton and okra in the Indian subcontinent. Presently limited genomic/ transcriptomic information is available for this insect in any open source databases. To initiate molecular studies in this insect, we report first assembled and annotated de novo transcriptome of cotton leafhopper. Out of 75,551 transcripts, 39613 CDS (Coding Sequence) were predicted with 35282 showing positive blast hits with NCBI nr database . From the Gene ontology (GO) analysis, 7431 CDS were annotated. KEGG pathway analysis categorized CDS into 22 different functional categories. The majority of CDS were annotated in signal transduction and transport catabolism pathways. The sequence data was screened for RNAi pathway genes and presence of 37 transcripts associated with this process confirmed the existence of robust RNAi machinery in this insect. The role of core RNAi machinery genes ( Dicer-2 , Ago-2 , Piwi and Staufen ) has been validated through dsRNA feeding studies. The data resource has also been used to identify potential RNAi targets and genes associated with insecticide detoxification specifically CYP 450 family.

scholarly journals Impact of Environmental Factors on Stilbene Biosynthesis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Alessio Valletta ◽  
Lorenzo Maria Iozia ◽  
Francesca Leonelli
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Stilbene Compounds ◽  
Stilbene Biosynthesis ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Stilbenes are a small family of polyphenolic secondary metabolites that can be found in several distantly related plant species. These compounds act as phytoalexins, playing a crucial role in plant defense against phytopathogens, as well as being involved in the adaptation of plants to abiotic environmental factors. Among stilbenes, trans-resveratrol is certainly the most popular and extensively studied for its health properties. In recent years, an increasing number of stilbene compounds were subjected to investigations concerning their bioactivity. This review presents the most updated knowledge of the stilbene biosynthetic pathway, also focusing on the role of several environmental factors in eliciting stilbenes biosynthesis. The effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, ultrasonication, mechanical stress, salt stress, drought, temperature, ozone, and biotic stress are reviewed in the context of enhancing stilbene biosynthesis, both in planta and in plant cell and organ cultures. This knowledge may shed some light on stilbene biological roles and represents a useful tool to increase the accumulation of these valuable compounds.

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