scholarly journals Analysis of Simian Endogenous Retrovirus (SERV) Full-Length Proviruses in Old World Monkey Genomes

Genes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Antoinette C. van der Kuyl
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Rare Sequence

Simian endogenous retrovirus, SERV, is a successful germ line invader restricted to Old World monkey (OWM) species. (1) Background: The availability of high-quality primate genomes warrants a study of the characteristics, evolution, and distribution of SERV proviruses. (2) Methods: Cercopithecinae OWM genomes from public databases were queried for the presence of full-length SERV proviruses. A dataset of 81 Cer-SERV genomes was generated and analyzed. (3) Results: Full-length Cer-SERV proviruses were mainly found in terrestrial OWM, and less so in arboreal, forest- dwelling monkeys. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the existence of two genotypes, Cer-SERV-1 and Cer-SERV-2, with Cer-SERV-1 showing evidence of recent germ-line expansions. Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) variation indicated that most proviruses were of a similar age and were estimated to be between <0.3 and 10 million years old. Integrations shared between species were relatively rare. Sequence analysis further showed extensive CpG methylation-associated mutations, variable Primer Binding Site (PBS) use with Cer-SERV-1 using PBSlys3 and Cer-SERV-2 using PBSlys1,2, and the recent gain of LTR motifs for transcription factors active during embryogenesis in Cer-SERV-1. (4) Conclusions: sequence analysis of 81 SERV proviruses from Cercopithecinae OWM genomes provides evidence for the adaptation of this retrovirus to germ line reproduction.

scholarly journals Analysis of Simian Endogenous Retrovirus (SERV) proviruses in Old World Monkey Genomes: Evidence for a Transition to Replication during Embryogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette C. van der Kuyl
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Rare Sequence

Simian endogenous retrovirus, SERV, is a successful germ line invader restricted to Old World monkey (OWM) species. (1) Background: The availability of high quality primate genomes warrants a study of the characteristics, evolution and distribution of SERV proviruses; (2) Methods: Cercopithecinae OWM genomes from public databases were queried for the presence of full length SERV proviruses. A dataset of 81 Cer-SERV genomes was generated and analyzed; (3) Results: Full length Cer-SERV proviruses were mainly found in terrestrial OWM, and less so in arboreal, forest- dwelling monkeys. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the existence of two genotypes, Cer-SERV-1 and Cer-SERV-2, with Cer-SERV-1 showing evidence of recent germ line expansions. Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) variation indicated that most proviruses were of a similar age, and were estimated to be between &amp;lt;0.3 and 10 million years old. Integrations shared between species were relatively rare. Sequence analysis further showed extensive CpG methylation-associated mutation, variable Primer Binding Site (PBS) use with Cer-SERV-1 using PBSlys3 and Cer-SERV-2 using PBSlys1,2, and the recent gain of LTR motifs for transcription factors active during embryogenesis in Cer-SERV-1; (4) Conclusions: sequence analysis of 81 SERV proviruses from Cercopithecinae OWM genomes provides evidence for the adaptation of this retrovirus to germ line reproduction.

scholarly journals Contemporary Distribution, Estimated Age, and Prehistoric Migrations of Old World Monkey Retroviruses

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Antoinette C. van der Kuyl
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Simian Foamy Virus ◽  
Old World ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Type D

Old World monkeys (OWM), simians inhabiting Africa and Asia, are currently affected by at least four infectious retroviruses, namely, simian foamy virus (SFV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV), and simian type D retrovirus (SRV). OWM also show chromosomal evidence of having been infected in the past with four more retroviral species, baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), Papio cynocephalus endogenous virus (PcEV), simian endogenous retrovirus (SERV), and Rhesus endogenous retrovirus-K (RhERV-K/SERV-K1). For some of the viruses, transmission to other primates still occurs, resulting, for instance, in the HIV pandemic. Retroviruses are intimately connected with their host as they are normally spread by close contact. In this review, an attempt to reconstruct the distribution and history of OWM retroviruses will be made. A literature overview of the species infected by any of the eight retroviruses as well as an age estimation of the pathogens will be given. In addition, primate genomes from databases have been re-analyzed for the presence of endogenous retrovirus integrations. Results suggest that some of the oldest retroviruses, SERV and PcEV, have travelled with their hosts to Asia during the Miocene, when a higher global temperature allowed simian expansions. In contrast, younger viruses, such as SIV and SRV, probably due to the lack of a primate continuum between the continents in later times, have been restricted to Africa and Asia, respectively.

scholarly journals Complete genome sequence of simian adenovirus 1: an Old World monkey adenovirus with two fiber genes

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor M. Kovács ◽  
Balázs Harrach ◽  
Alexander N. Zakhartchouk ◽  
Andrew J. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Poliomyelitis Vaccine ◽  
Simian Adenovirus ◽  
Six Genes

Simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1) is one of many adenovirus strains that were isolated from Old World monkey cells during poliomyelitis vaccine production several decades ago. Despite the availability of these viruses, knowledge of their genetic content and phylogeny is rudimentary. In the present study, the genome sequence of SAdV-1 (34 450 bp) was determined and analysed. In regions where genetic content varies between primate adenoviruses, SAdV-1 has a single virus-associated RNA gene, six genes in each of the E3 and E4 regions and two fiber genes. SAdV-1 clusters phylogenetically with HAdV-40, a member of human adenovirus species HAdV-F, which also has two fiber genes. However, based on phylogenetic distances and other taxonomic criteria, SAdV-1 is proposed to represent a novel adenovirus species.

Genes Selectively Expressed in the Visual Cortex of the Old World Monkey

2013 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Yusuke Komatsu ◽  
Shigeko Toita ◽  
Masanari Ohtsuka ◽  
Toru Takahata ◽  
Shiro Tochitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey

scholarly journals Metagenomic analyses reveal previously unrecognized variation in the diets of sympatric Old World monkey species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0218245
Author(s):  
Martha M. Lyke ◽  
Anthony Di Fiore ◽  
Noah Fierer ◽  
Anne A. Madden ◽  
Joanna E. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
World Monkey ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Monkey Species

Kainate receptor subunit expression in old-world monkey and human brain

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
J.H. Meador-Woodruff ◽  
S.P. Damask ◽  
R.E. King
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Kainate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Subunit Expression

scholarly journals Free-ranging Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana: Neophobia, neophilia, or both?

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Fu ◽  
Dapeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaoguang Qi ◽  
Songtao Guo ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Monkey ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rhinopithecus Roxellana ◽  
Old World ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract We studied the responsiveness of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana, an arboreal Old World monkey, to the presence of novel stimuli associated with familiar food. We also determined differences in responses by age and sex. Results showed that monkeys exhibited neophilia and neophobia simultaneously when facing novel stimuli. Age affected the response to novel stimuli significantly, with immature individuals responding to novel stimuli most frequently and infants least frequently. No significant differences were observed for sex, although females were more responsive to the novel object than were males. Our results support the “readiness to eat” hypothesis that the presence of a novel object can increase latencies to consume familiar food.

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