scholarly journals Assessment of Seismic Bedrock in Deep Alluvial Plains. Case Studies from the Emilia-Romagna Plain

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Luca Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Po Plain ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Po Delta ◽  
Structural Zones

The estimation of seismic shaking is essential for a realistic assessment of the local seismic hazard and the implementation of effective strategies for prevention and mitigation of the seismic risk. One of the most important aspects in the analysis of the site seismic assessment is the recognition of the seismic bedrock and its depth. Unfortunately, these data are not always easy to evaluate, especially in areas where the thickness of loose or poorly consolidated sediments is high. This article illustrates data and case studies from the Emilia-Romagna sector of the Po Plain, in order to provide examples and suggestions for the recognition of the seismic bedrock in alluvial and coastal areas characterised by significant thicknesses of unconsolidated sediments, using available data and not expensive geophysical surveys. The application of the proposed method indicates that the study area can be divided into four domains characterized by different depths of the seismic bedrock: the marginal or pede-Apennine belt, the high structural zones, the syncline/minor anticline zones, and the Po delta-coast zone.

REFLECTIVITY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVE IN SHALLOW GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) SURVEY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Azwin Ismail ◽  
Nordiana Mohd Muztaza ◽  
Rosli Saad
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Geophysical Method ◽  
Wave Reflections ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Underground Utilities ◽  
Dielectric Contrast ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that is widely used in geophysical surveys, civil engineering applications, archaeological studies and locating underground utilities or hidden objects. It works by sending electromagnetic (EM) wave into the ground by transmitter and recording the returning signals by receiver. The returning signals bring information about the materials and changes in material parameters at different depths. The changes in dielectric properties () of two adjacent media result in EM wave reflections. In this study, several types of materials with different dielectric properties () are used in order to identify the reflectivity of the EM wave. Results prove that the larger the dielectric contrast, the higher the reflection coefficient thus the stronger the reflection.

scholarly journals The relationship between landslide activity and weather: examples from Hungary

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. The paper presents the impact of irregular rainfall events triggering landslides in the regional context of landslides in Hungary. The author’s experience, gathered from decades of observations, confirms that landslide processes are strongly correlate with precipitation events in all three landscape types (hill regions of unconsolidated sediments; high bluffs along river banks and lake shores; mountains of Tertiary stratovolcanoes). Case studies for each landscape type underline that new landslides are triggered and old ones are reactivated by extreme winter precipitation events. This assertion is valid mainly for shallow and translational slides. Wet autumns favour landsliding, while the triggering influence of intense summer rainfalls is of a subordinate nature. A recent increasing problem lies in the fact that on previously unstable slopes, stabilised during longer dry intervals, an intensive cultivation starts, thus increasing the damage caused by movements during relatively infrequent wet winters.

Price reopeners—challenges and opportunities

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Paul Griffin ◽  
Herbert Smith
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Price Review ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The long-term sale and purchase agreements which have long under-pinned the LNG business have seen increasing sophistication in their price review provisions and price re-openers in recent years. But, for all the contractual ingenuity and foresight of these provisions at the time these agreements are entered into, the emergence of connected geographical markets and the increasing volatility of price and volume risk have meant that these provisions are now regularly applied and a number of these provisions found wanting when submitted to practical application. Among the factors that have contributed to these difficulties are recent changes in the commercial and political aims of a number of the important producer economies and the rapid change in the circumstances of a number of the economies of those states and regions that are consumers of LNG. This paper contemplates the ways in which today’s circumstances are putting increased stress on these traditional provisions and looks particularly at the challenges of developing effective strategies to mitigate risks and enhance opportunities while maintaining relationships during periods of disagreement. It also includes case studies that highlight some of the issues of triggering price re-openers and then managing their progress through the resulting re-negotiations or, increasingly, arbitrations and expert determinations. These case studies include reviews of published decisions on price re-openers and analyses of some of the more usual contractual provisions found in the price and price clauses revision of long-term LNG sale and purchase agreements.

Keeping things simple: how strategic clarity boosts organizational performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings An organization that boasts effective strategies is best positioned to optimize its performance. Putting such strategies in place is only the start though. Companies must also regularly evaluate their impact and ensure that they remain relatively uncomplicated. However, many operators fail in these respects while others become complacent. Author and inspirational speaker Steve Maraboli once argued that “a lack of clarity could put the brakes on any journey to success”. Such sentiments have become increasingly relevant in the current business environment where change seems the only certainty. As industries splinter and competition intensifies further, clearly defined strategies are undoubtedly more critical still. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the worlds leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Mitigating injection-induced seismicity to reduce seismic risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110084
Author(s):  
Eric G Johnson ◽  
Ryan Haagenson ◽  
Abbie B Liel ◽  
Harihar Rajaram
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Earthquake Occurrence ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Underground Injection ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Selection Of

Over the past decade, parts of the central United States have experienced elevated number of earthquakes and seismic damage to buildings and infrastructure. These earthquakes are caused by underground injection of wastewater from oil and gas operations, which increases pore pressures, in some cases leading to slip on faults in the geologic basement. Mitigation strategies have been proposed or implemented to reduce these earthquakes, while minimizing impact on operations, but the effectiveness of these strategies in terms of seismic risk is not well understood. Here, we show that the most effective strategies for reducing earthquake occurrence may not be the best for reducing regional seismic risk in terms of economic loss. Well locations have a large impact on seismic risk, and increasing the distance between wells typically reduces risks, with the least interruption to injection operations. Results also quantify the dramatic decrease in risk achieved by locating injection operations farther from population centers. Decreasing injected volume reduces both earthquake occurrence and risk, but large reductions in volumes are needed to achieve significant reductions in risk. These findings can be used to inform design and selection of mitigation strategies that most reduce seismic risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document