scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Reproducibility of the Soft Tissue Landmarks Taken by Structured-Light Facial Scanner in Accordance with the Head Position Change

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Seung-Hoon Oh ◽  
Jung-Soo Park ◽  
Jae-Jun Ryu ◽  
In-Seok Song ◽  
Seok-Ki Jung
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Position Change ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Structured Light Scanner ◽  
Facial Scanning

The aim of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional reproducibility of the structured-light facial scanner according to the head position change. A mannequin head was used and angle of the mannequin’s axis-orbital plane to the true horizontal plane was adjusted to +10, +5, 0, −5, and −10°. Facial scanning was conducted 30 times, respectively, and 150 3D images were obtained. Reoriented landmarks of each group were compared and analyzed. Reproducibility decreased as the distance from the facial center increased. Additionally, the landmarks below showed lower reproducibility and higher dispersion than landmarks above. These differences occurred mainly in the anteroposterior direction as opposed to other directions. Positive inclination of the head position showed superior reproducibility compared to a negative inclination. This study showed that reproducibility of a structured-light scanner could be varied depending on the head position. Inaccuracies of landmarks in the anteroposterior direction are greater than in other directions. This means that evaluations of the profile using a structured-light scanner should be made carefully. Therefore, the proper head position should be set to ensure the accuracy of the image.

scholarly journals Comparison of 3D Scanning Versus 2D Photography for the Identification of Facial Soft-Tissue Landmarks

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zogheib ◽  
R. Jacobs ◽  
M. M. Bornstein ◽  
J. O. Agbaje ◽  
D. Anumendem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Dentofacial Deformities ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Facial Scanning ◽  
2D And 3D

Background: Three dimensional facial scanning is an innovation that provides opportunity for digital data acquisition, smile analysis and communication of treatment plan and outcome with patients. Objectives: To assess the applicability of 3D facial scanning as compared to 2D clinical photography. Materials & Methods: Sample consisted of thirty Caucasians aged between 25 and 50 years old, without any dentofacial deformities. Fifteen soft-tissue facial landmarks were identified twice by 3 observers on 2D and 3D images of the 30 subjects. Five linear proportions and nine angular measurements were established in the orbital, nasal and oral regions. These data were compared to anthropometric norms of young Caucasians. Furthermore, a questionnaire was completed by 14 other observers, according to their personal judgment of the 2D and 3D images. Results: Quantitatively, proportions linking the three facial regions in 3D were closer to the clinical standard (for 2D 3.3% and for 3D 1.8% error rate). Qualitatively, in 67% of the cases, observers were as confident about 3D as they were about 2D. Intra-observer Correlation Coefficient (ICC) revealed a better agreement between observers in 3D for the questions related to facial form, lip step and chin posture. Conclusion: The laser facial scanning could be a useful and reliable tool to analyze the circumoral region for orthodontic and orthognathic treatments as well as for plastic surgery planning and outcome.

Integration of close Range Photogrammetry and Structured Light Scanner for Cultural Heritage Documentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1966-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wei Liu ◽  
Zhi Qiang Jiang ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Hao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Local Area ◽  
3D Shape ◽  
Close Range Photogrammetry ◽  
Structured Light Scanner ◽  
Close Range

This paper proposes an integrated three-dimensional(3D) shape acquiring and digitizing method for cultural heritage documentation by combining industrial close range photogrammetry and structured light scan techniques. The operation principle is introduced, the process of raw data acquisition and data post-processing are presented . A 2.5m high ancient Buddha sculpture of over 1500 years old located in Qingyang, China was measured and modeled to test the availability and reliability of the proposed system. Compare to conventional 3D digitizing methods, the proposed system can potentially meet a number of specific needs in the field of cultural heritage documentation, it is more flexible, low cost, less field work, capable of grabbing the 3D shape of large objects, meanwhile recording accurate detail information of local area, without physically contacting with object surface.

scholarly journals A New Horizontal Plane of the Head

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab El Kattan ◽  
Mohamed El Kattan ◽  
Omnia A. Elhiny
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Head Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Plane ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Frankfurt Horizontal ◽  
Frankfort Horizontal Plane

AIM: This study aimed to attempt to introduce a new extracranial horizontal plane of the head (K plane that extends from SN to SAE bilaterally) that could act as a substitute to the Frankfurt horizontal intracranial reference plane; both clinically and radiographically.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The new K plane depended on three points of the head. The first was the soft tissue nasion (NS) on the interpupillary line when the subject looked forward at a distant point at eye level. The other two points were the superior attachments of the ears (SAE).RESULTS: The student “t” test comparing mean values of K/V and FH/V was not significant; -0.21.  The coefficient of correlation between different variables was highly positively significant (r = 0.98 with probability = 0.001).CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this prospective study, the new K plane was found to be both reliable and reproducible. It can be used as a reliable reference plane instead of Frankfort horizontal plane both clinically and radiographically; as it is an accurate tool for head orientation in the natural head position.

Soft Tissue Facial Angles in Individuals with Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Three-Dimensional Noninvasive Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Claudia Dellavia ◽  
Maria Goffredi ◽  
Virgilio F. Ferrario
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽  
Facial Phenotype ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Normal Controls

Objective To supply quantitative information about the facial soft tissues of patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Design Prospective assessment. Setting National meetings of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patients and families. Patients and Main Outcome Measures Facial and mandibular corpus convexities in the horizontal plane; facial convexity in the sagittal plane; interlabial, naso-labial, nasal convexity, and left and right soft tissue gonial angles were calculated from the three-dimensional coordinates of 11 soft tissue facial landmarks obtained in 18 male and 17 female hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patients aged 3 to 41 years and in 504 reference healthy individuals. In addition, z-scores were computed and the patients were grouped by cluster analysis. Results Male and female z-scores did not differ. In the pooled group, facial convexities in the horizontal and sagittal planes were significantly (Student's t, p < .01) increased (flatter) in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patients, compared with normal controls. The naso-labial angle was significantly reduced (more acute). Upper and lower facial convexity and mandibular corpus convexity in the horizontal plane deviated less from the norm with increasing age. Facial convexity in the horizontal and sagittal planes, soft tissue gonial angles, and naso-labial and interlabial angles deviated less from the norm with increasing number of teeth present in the mouth. Cluster analysis identified three homogeneous groups, all characterized by a peculiar facial phenotype. Modifications in facial convexity and gonial and interlabial angles differentiated each cluster. Conclusions Patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia had flatter faces in the horizontal and sagittal planes than normal controls had. Cluster analysis revealed patterned differences in facial phenotype.

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