scholarly journals The Effect of Mid-to-Long-Term Hospitalization on the Catastrophic Health Expenditure: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Earned Income Loss

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Jung ◽  
Jungyeon Yang ◽  
Eunyoung Kim ◽  
Junhyup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Earned Income

Background: Mid-to-long-term hospitalization (MLTH) can threaten the household economy with high medical costs and loss of income. Therefore, it could increase the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), measured as the ratio of medical expenses to the ability to pay. This study aimed to determine the effect of MLTH on the incidence of CHE and the mediating effect of earned income reduction rate (EIRR). Methods: We used 2015 to 2017 data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study and selected households with earned income through work. The final samples were 1671 households in the database. This study applied three-step regression analyses for estimating mediation effects. Results: First, MLTH affected CHE increases; second, MLTH increased EIRR; third, both EIRR and MLTH increased CHE at the same time. Additionally, the bootstrapping results were 0.364 to 0.644 in the 95% confidence interval, which suggested that EIRR mediated the effects of MLTH on CHE. Conclusions: Previous studies have only focused on medical costs when interpreting CHE; however, it is also essential to recognize that the MLTH can have a negative effect on the EIRR. This study contributed to the literature by giving another insight into interpreting the cause of CHE, focusing on income loss factors.

scholarly journals The Financial Burden of Catastrophic Health Expenditure on Households with Chronic Diseases: Financial Ratio Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Jung ◽  
Young Dae Kwon ◽  
Jin-Won Noh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Financial Ratio Analysis ◽  
Indicator Liquid

Abstract Background: The financial status of households is vulnerable to chronic disease related to high medical expenses and income loss; The financial strain could be assessed by the five indicators. household surplus indicator, liquid asset/debt ratio, solvency indicator, and liquidity indicator.Purpose: We investigated the association between catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and financial ratio indicators in households with chronic disease in South Korea. Methodology: To determine the financial strain, thresholds were applied to the financial ratios. We conducted multiple logistic regression to figure out whether CHE is associated with financial strain. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of CHE on absolute finance size, which is basic financial indicators, by multiple linear regression.Results: When CHE occurred, all of the financial ratio indicators deteriorated. However, it was not due to decreases in the absolute size of wealth, income, but rather the relative balance between finances. Especially, the loss of the liquid assets was the major factor of deterioration. Also, all types of labor-related income deteriorated. Only the private transfer income increased.Conclusion: This study revealed that CHE in households with chronic disease negatively impacts the household's finances. It turned out that the financial coping strategies are only resource-consuming.

scholarly journals Catastrophic health expenditure according to employment status in South Korea: a population-based panel study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e011747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Woo Choi ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim ◽  
Sung In Jang ◽  
Suk Yong Jang ◽  
Woo-Rim Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure

scholarly journals Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Its Inequality in Households with Cancer Patients: A Panel Study

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munjae Lee ◽  
Kichan Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Needs

This study aims to examine the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure in households with cancer patients by conducting a panel analysis of three-year data. Data are adopted from surveys administered by Korea Health Panel for 2012–2014. We conducted correspondence and conditional transition probability analyses to examine households that incurred catastrophic health expenditure, followed by a panel logit analysis. The analyses reveal three notable results. First, the occurrence of catastrophic health expenditure differs by age group, that is, the probability of incurring catastrophic health expenditure increases with age. Second, this probability is higher in households with National Health Insurance than those receiving medical care benefits. Finally, households without private health insurance report a higher occurrence rate. The findings suggest that elderly people with cancer have greater medical coverage and healthcare needs. Private health insurance contributes toward protecting households from catastrophic health expenditure. Therefore, future research is needed on catastrophic health expenditure with focus on varying age groups, healthcare coverage type, and private health insurance.

scholarly journals Financial implications of preterm birth during initial hospitalization: The extent and predictors of catastrophic health expenditure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadzri Zainal ◽  
Maznah Dahlui ◽  
Tin Tin Su
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Initial Hospitalization ◽  
Universal Health

ABSTRACTPreterm birth incidence has risen globally and the high cost of initial hospitalization poses financial burden to the family. This study assessed family cost at neonatal intensive care units of two hospitals in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. Family’s expenditure was obtained using a structured questionnaire. 126 families who were government employed spent a mean total cost of MYR 549 (MYR 0 - MYR 4,700) compared to MYR 650 (MYR 40 – MYR 9,300) for 244 families who were not government employed. Mean income loss was MYR 310 (MYR 0 – MYR 15,000) and MYR 348 (MYR 0 – MYR 5,500) respectively. Travel expenses was the cost driver for all families. 15% of families in this study were already living below the income poverty line and majority were not government employed. For the rest of the families, 21% became impoverished when one month household income was used for hospitalization cost but this lowered to 9% with cumulative household income by length of hospital stay. Overall incidence of catastrophic health expenditure among families was 38%. Using multivariable logistic regression household income and residential location were predictive factors for catastrophic health expenditure. Despite universal health coverage through subsidy of direct medical (hospital) cost, the high incidence of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment among families of preterm infants was attributable to out of pocket payment for direct non-medical cost (such as travel and food) and indirect cost from income loss. Government employed families with an array of employment benefits appear better protected against financial hardship compared to those in private sector or self-employed. Remedial measures include improving neonatal intensive care unit rooming-in service for mothers, complementary financial assistance for families and enhancing universal health coverage through affordable social health insurance for infant healthcare.

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