scholarly journals Development of Micropropagation in Bigleaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Chen Zhou ◽  
Jim Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Acer Macrophyllum ◽  
In Vitro Micropropagation ◽  
Free Media

Natural populations of bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) trees contain, at low frequency, individuals with stems that have attractive and valuable wavy grain in the wood. To maintain the genotype of these individuals, vegetative propagation is desired. To enable propagation from the limited amount of plant tissue that is often available, an in vitro micropropagation procedure was developed. A mix of wild trees was used as source material to generate a procedure that is genotype unspecific. Among tested basal media, DKW medium resulted in the highest frequency of growing shoots. For multiplication of shoots, removal of the apex of shoot explants was instrumental, presumably because this treatment broke a strong apical dominance in this species. Of tested hormone and hormone combinations, 0.1 μM thidiazuron produced the best results with an average of 3.2 axillary shoots per explant with an average of 3.7 nodes per axillary shoot after 1 month. Although rooting did not require hormone treatment, a 68% frequency of rooting was obtained on ½ MS supplemented with 1 μM IBA, 27% higher than hormone-free media. Taken together, we have developed a procedure for propagation of bigleaf maple from a limited amount of tissues that can be used to multiply various genotypes of interest.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Members of the Cactaceae Subtribe Cactinae

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Clayton ◽  
John F. Hubstenberger ◽  
Gregory C. Phillips ◽  
S. Ann Butler-Nance
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Basal Media ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Micropropagation of 11 rare or endangered cacti species belonging to the subtribe Cactinae was achieved by rooting of proliferated axillary shoots. Shoot tip explants were obtained from seedlings of Escobaria missouriensis D.R. Hunt, E. robbinsorum (Earle) D.R. Hunt, Sclerocactus spinosior (Engelm.) Woodruff & L. Benson, and Toumeya papyracantha (Engelm.) Br. & Rose, and from mature plants of Mammillaria wrightii Engelm., Pediocactus bradyi L. Benson, P. despainii Welsh & Goodrich, P. knowltonii L. Benson, P. paradinei B.W. Benson, P. winkleri Heil, and S. mesae-verdae (Boissevain) L. Benson. Three or four species were used in each of a series of experiments investigating the effects of basal media and auxin and cytokinin types and concentrations on axillary shoot proliferation. Low or no auxin but moderate to high cytokinin concentrations were required for axillary shoot production. All species rooted spontaneously on hormone-free media; however, several species rooted better on media containing auxin. All species were re-established in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Rhododendron chapmanii

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Cheryl G. Giles ◽  
Carole M. Haemmerle
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Axillary Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Reduced Light

Shoot tips excised from Chapman's rhododendron (Rhododendron chapmanii A. Gray) were surface sterilized, the terminal portions were removed (decapitated) and the shoots placed in liquid Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 8 μM (1.6 ppm) 6(γ, γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP). Within 2 to 3 months axillary shoots excised, decapitated and cultured on agarsolidified WPM supplemented with 49 μM (10 ppm) 2iP. Multiple shoot formation consisting of adventitious and axillary shoots was observed within 4 to 6 months. These shoots were transferred to WPM supplemented With 8 μM (1.6 ppm) 2iP and cultured under reduced light levels to stimulate shoot elongation. Shoots ≥ 10 mm (0.4 in.) were harvested (microcuttings) and rooted using non-in vitro procedures. Enhancement of axillary shoot multiplication was achieved by culturing decapitated axillary shoots under reduced light levels in a horizontal position on WPM supplemented WIth 8 μM (1.6 ppm) 2iP.

scholarly journals High-efficiency Propagation of Mature ‘Washington Navel’ Orange and Juvenile ‘Carrizo’ Citrange Using Axillary Shoot Proliferation

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza De Oliveira ◽  
James G. Thomson ◽  
Ed Stover
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Washington Navel

In vitro axillary shoot proliferation can be used to increase availability of citrus (Citrus) types in high demand, while limiting somaclonal variation. However, established protocols could be improved to increase efficiency. Therefore, this study investigated some factors [plant growth regulators (PGRs), basal media, and successive subculturing] which affect the in vitro axillary shoot proliferation of mature ‘Washington Navel’ orange (Citrus sinensis) and juvenile ‘Carrizo’ citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata). In ‘Washington Navel’ orange, maximum axillary shoot induction (66.9% explants producing axillary shoots with a mean of 2.45 shoots per explant) was obtained in Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.05 mg·L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) along with 1 mg·L−1 6-furfurylaminopurine [kinetin (kin)], whereas in ‘Carrizo’ citrange, axillary shoot production was greatest (82.6% and 87.5% of explants producing axillary shoots with a mean of 4.3 and 4.1 shoots per explant) at 1.0 or 2.0 mg·L−1 BA in DKW medium. The initial nodal propagules (with basal tissue remaining from removed shoots) were repeatedly subcultured for six times every 4 weeks onto DKW medium with the same levels of PGRs used for initial culturing. Woody plant medium (WPM), Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), and DKW were also compared for rooting at quarter to full strength for salt components, all amended with 2.0 mg·L−1 indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA. MS at full strength provided the highest rooting in ‘Carrizo’ citrange (93%) and longest root length (58 mm), whereas half-strength MS provided the highest rooting in ‘Washington Navel’ orange (60% to 61%) and the longest roots (26 mm). Addition of 1 μm spermidine to the rooting medium enhanced root length only for ‘Washington Navel’ orange on full-strength MS, but accelerated rooting for both cultivars on all media. The plantlets were successfully transferred to greenhouse conditions, exhibiting normal development, with high uniformity, and no evidence of somaclonal variation.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Weigela florida ‘Tango’ through In Vitro Shoot Culture

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Yongxin Li ◽  
Huijie Zeng ◽  
Neng Cai ◽  
Zhongquan Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Culture ◽  
Weigela Florida

Weigela florida (Bunge) A. DC. is a popular flowering shrub adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. Efficient methods for micropropagation of this species have not been well developed. The present study established a protocol for in vitro shoot culture of W. florida ‘Tango’ after a systematic evaluation of different culture media, cytokinins, and auxins on axillary shoot induction. Single-node stems were cultured on Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium for initial production of axillary shoots. The shoots were used as explants and cultured on DKW medium supplemented with 8.88 μm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.27 μm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), resulting in the production of more than six axillary shoots per explant. The axillary shoots could either be used as explants for additional shoot production or be cultured on ½ DKW medium supplemented with 0.25 μm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for rooting. Plantlets were transplanted into a substrate with 99% survival rate in a shaded greenhouse. This established method could be used for rapid propagation of W. florida to speed the introduction of new hybrids or cultivars for commercial production.

In vitro germination and axillary shoot propagation of Centaurea zeybekii

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Kurt ◽  
Bengi Erdağ
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Shoot Propagation

AbstractIn vitro culture is an important aid for ex situ conservation of rare, endemic or threatened plants. In this work, we establish an efficient method for the seed germination, seedling development, and axillary shoot propagation of Centaurea zeybekii Wagenitz. The seeds, collected from a wild population, were surface sterilised and cultured on various in vitro germination media. The effects of photoperiod and temperature on seed germination were also investigated. Germinations were obtained after 6 weeks in culture and the radicle emergence was evaluated as a main indicator. A high frequency of germination was obtained on distilled water supplemented with vitamines and 1 mg/L GA3. Although the seed germination frequencies were not affected by photoperiod, the highest germination frequency was obtained at 24 ± 2°C. A high frequency of axillary shoot proliferation was produced on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA. Then, the axillary shoots were separated and transferred to MS medium with or without plant growth regulators for rooting. Rhizogenezis was promoted after 6 weeks only in MS and 1/2 MS media containing 0.5 mg/L IBA. The rooting process was very slow and the percentage of shoot rooting was also very low (15%).The present study not only enables reinforcement of wild plant populations using ex situ growth of individuals, but it also helps to large number of aseptic seedling to use it in clonaly micropropagation studies.

scholarly journals Development of the first axillary in vitro shoot multiplication protocol for coconut palms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Wilms ◽  
Dries De Bièvre ◽  
Kevin Longin ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Juhee Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractThe coconut palm or “tree of life” is one of nature’s most useful plants and the demand for its fruit is increasing. However, coconut production is threatened by ageing plantations, pests and diseases. Currently, the palm is exclusively propagated via seeds, limiting the amount of planting material. A novel micropropagation method is presented, based on axillary shoot formation. Apical meristems of in vitro coconut seedlings are cultured onto Y3 medium containing 1 µM TDZ. This induces the apical meristem to proliferate through axillary shoots in ~ 27% of the initiated explants. These axillary shoots are seen as white clumps of proliferating tissue and can be multiplied at a large scale or regenerated into rooted in vitro plantlets. This innovative micropropagation method will enable the production of disease-free, high quality in vitro plantlets, which will solve the worldwide scarcity of coconut planting material.

scholarly journals Production of Plantlets from Crown Explant of Pineapple Variety 'Queen'

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Alma Rosillo ◽  
◽  
Marilyn Belarmino ◽  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
In Vitro Micropropagation ◽  
Initial Culture

To maximize the utilization of crown and to increase the production of plantlets, the crown was dived into four (for microsectioning technique) or eight (for in vitro micropropagation technique) sections and used as explants. Results showed the efficiency of the in vitro culture technique compared to the microsectioning method in producing axillary shoots from the crown explant. Using the in vitro culture technique, 1/8 crown explant produced and average of 1.4 and 1.6 axillary shoots (or 11.2 and 12.8 shoots per whole crown) after 14 to 25 days of initial culture in MS medium containing combinations of 0.2 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L BA or, 2.0 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BA, respectively. These shoots proliferated and produced an average of 47.1 or 55.1 micro shoots after four months of culture in MS medium added with 0.5 mg/L or 1.0 mg/L BA. On the contrary, one quarter crown explant of the microsectioning technique produced an average of 0.2 shoot in soil or, 0.8 shoot from one whole crown. The crown-derived shoots rooted easily in 1/2 MS medium, established well in soil, reached maturity and produced fruits.

scholarly journals In Vitro Micropropagation for Maintenance of Mycoplasma-like Organisms in Infected Plant Tissues

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assunta Bertaccini ◽  
Robert E. Davis ◽  
Ing Ming Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
In Vitro Micropropagation ◽  
Rubus Stunt

A collection of mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) was maintained in plant tissues micropropagated in vitro. MLO-infected plants included Chrysanthemum frutescens L. with chyrsanthemum yellows disease, Gladiolus sp. L. with “germ fins,” Hydrangea macrophilla (Thunb.) DC. with virescence, Rubus fruticosus L. with rubus stunt, and periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] singly infected by the following MLOs: Italian periwinkle virescence, chrysanthemum yellows, North American aster yellows, Italian periwinkle stunt, American periwinkle little leaf. Shoots micropropagated in vitro exhibited symptoms of little-leaf and/or abnormal proliferation of axillary shoots resulting in “witches' broom” appearance that resembled symptoms in grafttransmitted greenhouse-grown or naturally infected field-collected plants. These symptoms, typical of infection by MLOs, were not observed in micropropagated healthy shoots of the same plant species, and, compared with the healthy ones, varied with MLO strain and host plant species. Dot hybridizations with a nonradioactive cloned DNA probe provided evidence for the presence of MLOs in propagated tissues through serial subcultures.

scholarly journals In vitro Shoot Multiplication of Bupleurum disticho-phyllum Wight - A Native Medicinal Plant of Southern India

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karuppusamy ◽  
T. Pullaiah
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Shoot multiplication of Bupleurum distichophyllum was achieved from the nodal and shoot tip explants of mature plants using MS with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Maximum explant response was from axillary shoots and the highest number of shoots per explant was obtained on MS fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP. The highest degree of axillary shoot proliferation was found to be 74 and 70% for nodal- and shoot tip explants, respectively on the medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA. The combination of BAP and GA3 was also found to be effective for both type of explants. The degree of shoot formation was affected by explant types and the exogenous hormonal regime in the medium. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA, after sequential hardening, survival rate was 71%. Key words: Bupleurum distichophyllum, Medicinal plant, Micropropagation, Conservation Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 115-124, 2007 (December) DOI: 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.2574

scholarly journals Micro- and Cutting Propagation of Silver Maple. I. Results with Adult and Juvenile Propagules

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Preece ◽  
Carl A. Huetteman ◽  
W. Clark Ashby ◽  
Paul L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Juvenile Explants

Clonal micropropagation studies with silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) included experiments with various shoot. explant types, cytokinins, and stock plant maturation levels. These trials led to successful explant establishment, axillary shoot proliferation, rooting of microshoots, and establishment of plantlets in the greenhouse. Overall, the best cytokinin tested was the phenylurea derivative TDZ. Shoot proliferation on juvenile explants was poor with kinetin, 2iP, and BA. Only zeatin at 10 μm was comparable to TDZ. TDZ at 10 nm was optimal for both juvenile and adult nodal explants. Juvenile explants that were held in vitro for 4 months commonly had at least 60 axillary shoots that could be subculture or excised for rooting. Microshoots rooted within 2 weeks. Following rooting, silver maple plantlets could be transplanted into a growing medium and placed directly onto a greenhouse bench. Studies were also conducted on rooting stem cuttings (macropropagation). Single nodes from juvenile plants rooted under intermittent mist, regardless of auxin application; however, shoot-tip cuttings from adult trees rooted best when auxin in ethanol solution was applied. Chemical names used: N- phenyl- N' -1,2,3 -thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron, TDZ), N- (2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin), isopentenyladenine (2iP), benzyladenine (BA), (E)-2-methyl-4-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)-2-buten-1-ol (zeatin).

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