Optimum Matching Model Using Long-Term Computing on Safer Rural Domestic Water Supply Based on Rainwater Harvesting

A safe rural domestic water supply project has been initiated based on different consumption uses. Long-term computation method and the water balance principle are used to analyze the yearly water demand. Water supply and demand balance is achieved through regulated planning of the rainwater collection surface area and water storage capacity. The best combination of collection area and storage capacity is then determined for various rainfall zones in order to satisfy safe domestic water needs. Ultimately, an optimum matching model is developed to utilize rainwater harvesting for providing safe domestic water in rural areas.

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Assessment of rainwater harvesting for domestic water supply in palestinian rural areas

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824506012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 06012 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nidal Mahmoud ◽

William Hogland ◽

Michael Sokolov ◽

Vasily Rud ◽

Nikita Myazin

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Supply ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Quality Measurement ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Domestic Water Supply

Rainwater harvesting in Palestine is a principal water resource that had been adopted since ancient times. However, the system had not been subjected to a thorough assessment. This paper aims at assessing the feasibility of rainwater harvesting for domestic water supply in Palestinian rural areas with special emphasis on socio-cultural and financial aspects as well as harvested water quality. Different methods were used to collect necessary data from a case study village, including literature review, observations, questionnaires and water quality measurement of freshly fallen and harvested rainwater samples. Moreover, domestic water demand and water supply from such a system were compared, and economic feasibility of applying this system was checked. The results revealed that harvested rainwater is a viable resource that can contribute considerably to minimizing water shortage.

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Rainwater harvesting augmentation of domestic water supply in Honiara, Solomon Islands

Australasian Journal of Water Resources ◽

10.1080/13241583.2016.1173314 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 65-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nicholas Quigley ◽

Sara G. Beavis ◽

Ian White

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Domestic Water Supply

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Urban metabolism and river systems: an historical perspective – Paris and the Seine, 1790–1970

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-11-1757-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1757-1769 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

S. Barles

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Industrial Ecology ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Raw Material ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Sewerage System ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Domestic Water Supply

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyse metabolic interaction between Paris and the Seine during the industrial era, 1790–1970, a period marked by strong population growth, technological changes, and the absence of specific legislation on environmental issues. The viewpoint focuses on exchanges of waters and wastes between city and river, quantifying them and tracing their evolution in the light of the strategies implemented by the stakeholders in charge. The study combines industrial ecology, local history and the history of technology. From 1790 to 1850, waste matters, and especially excreta, were considered as raw materials, not refuse: they generated real profits. The removal of human excreta aimed not only at improving urban hygiene, but at producing the fertilizers needed in rural areas. Discharging them into the river was out of the question. But after the 1860s, several factors upset this exploitation, notably domestic water supply: night soil became more and more liquid, difficult to handle and to turn into fertilizer; once utilised, the water had to be removed from the house; at the same time, the sewerage system developed and had negative impacts on the river. Even so, Parisian engineers continued to process sewage using techniques that would not only ensure hygiene but also conciliate economic and agricultural interests: combined sewerage system and sewage farms. Both of these early periods are thus noteworthy for a relative limitation of the river's deterioration by urban wastes. Not until the 1920s, when domestic water supply had become the standard and excreta came to be considered as worthless waste, was the principle of valorisation abandoned. This led to important and long-lasting pollution of the Seine (despite the construction of a treatment plant), aggravating the industrial pollution that had been in evidence since the 1840s. Analysing the priorities that led to the adoption of one principle or another in matters of urban hygiene and techniques, with the causes and consequences of such changes, enables us to understand the complex relations between Paris and the Seine. From raw material to waste matter, from river to drain, the concept of quality in environment remains the underlying theme.

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Domestic water supply using rainwater harvesting

Building Research & Information ◽

10.1080/096132198370010 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 94-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Terry Thomas

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Domestic Water Supply

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Urban metabolism and river systems: an historical perspective – Paris and the Seine, 1790–1970

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-4-1845-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1845-1878 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Barles

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Industrial Ecology ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Local History ◽

Raw Material ◽

Domestic Water ◽

History Of ◽

Growth Changes ◽

Domestic Water Supply

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyse interaction between Paris and the Seine during the industrial era, 1790–1970, a period marked by strong population growth, changes in techniques, and the absence of specific legislation on environmental issues. The viewpoint focuses on exchanges of waters and wastes between city and river, quantifying them and tracing evolution in the light of the strategies implemented by the stakeholders in charge. The study combines industrial ecology, local history and the history of technology. From 1790 to 1850, waste matters, and especially excreta, were considered as raw materials, not refuse: they generated real profits. The removal of human excreta aimed not only at improving urban hygiene, but at producing the fertilizers needed in rural areas. Discharging them into the river was out of the question. But after the 1860s, several factors upset this exploitation, notably domestic water supply. Even so, Parisian engineers continued to process sewage using techniques that would not only ensure hygiene but also conciliate economic and agricultural interests. Both of these early periods are thus noteworthy for a relative limitation of the river's deterioration by urban wastes. Not until the 1920s, when domestic water supply had become the rule and excreta came to be considered as worthless waste, was the principle of valorisation abandoned. This led to important and long-lasting pollution of the Seine, aggravating the industrial pollution that had been in evidence since the 1840s. Analysing the priorities that led to the adoption of one principle or another in matters of urban hygiene and techniques, with the causes and consequences of such changes, enables us to understand the complex relations between Paris and the Seine. From raw material to waste matter, from river to drain, the concept of quality in environment remains the underlying theme.

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