scholarly journals A GIS-Based Method for Analysing the Association Between School-Built Environment and Home-School Route Measures with Active Commuting to School in Urban Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sergio Campos-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Javier Abarca-Álvarez ◽  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Palma Chillón
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Home School ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Key Factor

In the current call for a greater human health and well-being as a sustainable development goal, to encourage active commuting to and from school (ACS) seems to be a key factor. Research focusing on the analysis of the association between environmental factors and ACS in children and adolescents has reported limited and inconclusive evidence, so more knowledge is needed about it. The main aim of this study is to examine the association between different built environmental factors of both school neighbourhood and home-school route with ACS of children and adolescents belonging to urban areas. The ACS level was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. Built environment variables (i.e., density of residents, street connectivity and mixed land use) within a school catchment area and home-school route characteristics (i.e., distance and pedestrian route directness—PRD) were measured using a geographic information system (GIS) and examined together with ACS levels. Subsequently, the association between environmental factors and ACS was analysed by binary logistic regression. Several cut-off points of the route measures were explored using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In addition, the PRD was further studied regarding different thresholds. The results showed that 70.5% of the participants were active and there were significant associations between most environmental factors and ACS. Most participants walked to school when routes were short (distance variable in children: OR = 0.980; p = 0.038; and adolescents: OR = 0.866; p < 0.001) and partially direct (PRD variable in children: OR = 11.334; p < 0.001; and adolescents: OR = 3.513; p < 0.001), the latter specially for children. Mixed land uses (OR = 2.037; p < 0.001) and a high density of street intersections (OR = 1.640; p < 0.001) clearly encouraged adolescents walking and slightly discouraged children walking (OR = 0.657, p = 0.010; and OR = 0.692, p = 0.025, respectively). The assessment of ACS together with the environmental factors using GIS separately for children and adolescents can inform future friendly and sustainable communities.

scholarly journals Different neighborhood walkability indexes for active commuting to school are necessary for urban and rural children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Sergio Campos ◽  
Xavier García-Massó ◽  
Manuel Herrador-Colmenero ◽  
Patricia Gálvez-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Macro Scale

Abstract Background Literature focusing on youth has reported limited evidence and non-conclusive associations between neighborhood walkability measures and active commuting to and from school (ACS). Moreover, there is a lack of studies evaluating both macro- and micro-scale environmental factors of the neighborhood when ACS is analyzed. Likewise, most studies on built environment attributes and ACS focus on urban areas, whereas there is a lack of studies analyzing rural residential locations. Moreover, the relationship between built environment attributes and ACS may differ in children and adolescents. Hence, this study aimed to develop walkability indexes in relation to ACS for urban and rural children and adolescents, including both macro- and micro-scale school-neighborhood factors. Methods A cross-sectional study of 4593 participants from Spain with a mean age of 12.2 (SD 3.6) years was carried out. Macro-scale environmental factors were evaluated using geographic information system data, and micro-scale factors were measured using observational procedures. Socio-demographic characteristics and ACS were assessed with a questionnaire. Several linear regression models were conducted, including all the possible combinations of six or less built environment factors in order to find the best walkability index. Results Analyses showed that intersection density, number of four-way intersections, and residential density were positively related to ACS in urban participants, but negatively in rural participants. In rural children, positive streetscape characteristics, number of regulated crossings, traffic calming features, traffic lanes, and parking street buffers were also negatively related to ACS. In urban participants, other different factors were positively related to ACS: number of regulated crossings, positive streetscape characteristics, or crossing quality. Land use mix acted as a positive predictor only in urban adolescents. Distance to the school was a negative predictor on all the walkability indexes. However, aesthetic and social characteristics were not included in any of the indexes. Conclusions Interventions focusing on improving built environments to increase ACS behavior need to have a better understanding of the walkability components that are specifically relevant to urban or rural samples.

scholarly journals ACTIVE TRAVEL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF ELDERLY: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
JinHua Li ◽  
Siti Hajar Misnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Key Factor

The built environment is considered to be a key factor to promote the active travel (AT) of the elderly in neighbourhood. This study seeks to comprehensively identify the built environmental factors influencing active travel and to show how those environmental factors impact active travel the old adults. It reviewed the literature on neighbourhood-built environmental correlated with AT among older adults. The study found that most of the research concentrated on walking, which was associated with density, land use mix, connectivity access to services, friendly infrastructure，aesthetics，destination，safety. The results showed that the research was concentrated in developed areas and countries, developing countries were seldomly involved. Related research was mainly carried out in urban areas especially in the metropolitan area. The weather has been reported as an important factor in the elderly’s travel but was not widely tested before. Information technology has a wide-ranging impact on the activities of urban residents and the increase of online leisure activities can also reduce the daily non-essential travel time of residents. In future research, more attention needs to be paid to developing areas, small city, and rural communities. ICT changed the way people live, the interaction with other humans, and physical space, it also needs to pay more attention in this field.

Towards a Sustainable Built Environment : Environmentally Concious Planning, Design and Construction

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
Design And Construction

Cities, urban areas and other built-up areas must possess a good healthy living environment which contributes to the general well-being of the regional and global environment. This can be achieved if buildings and other man-made objects are planned and designed in an environmentally appropriate fashion to promote sustainability. This paper is directed towards the ultimate outcome of providing a better built-environment. It reviews how we can enhance environmentally-concious planning, design and construction in the built environment involving all building professionals.

Sustainable Environmental Service - Knowledge Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 709-729
Author(s):  
Pitchayanin Sukholthaman ◽  
Kunio Shirahada
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Knowledge management (KM) is a key factor to increase effectiveness of management system. There have been researches of KM on many environmental services. Unfortunately, only a few researches have focused on sustainable service for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). There are evidences of ineffective waste management causing socio-economic and environmental problems, especially in urban areas of developing countries. Humans live in service economy and knowledge society. Waste management is one of the most important public services that all residents should receive while knowledge is needed to make service run smoothly and sustainably. This paper combines concepts of sustainable service and KM to clarify the importance and how these concepts have impacts on societal well-being. Literature reviews and questionnaire surveys are main analysis methods of this paper. Sustainable service with KM roles will be described and co-created values are identified.

scholarly journals Water supply diagnosis in the municipality of Cajazeiras, Paraíba State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
José Adalberto da Silva Filho ◽  
Sayonara Costa de Araújo ◽  
Virgínia de Fátima Bezerra Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Policies And Programs

<p>The water supply is a key factor for the development of the population in a region. The mapping areas that are not supplied with drinking water is an important mechanism, once the vulnerable locations are identified, which leads to establish policies and programs to mitigate the problem. Thus, this paper aims at examining areas that present vulnerability in access to water in the municipality of Cajazeiras, Paraíba State, Brazil. In order to carry this research out, data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were analyzed. The results indicate a disproportion in access to water between rural and urban areas, with the first being very vulnerable to contamination factors. It is necessary environmental education programs for sustainable water use, the development of technologies to ensure good quality water and the well being of the people, by the high risk of water-related diseases caused by the contamination that may occur in capture, transport and storage of water.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Diagnóstico do abastecimento de água no município de Cajazeiras – PB, Brasil</em></strong></p><p><strong>Resumo</strong><strong>: </strong>O abastecimento de água é um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento da população em uma região. O mapeamento de zonas que não são abastecidos com água potável é um mecanismo importante, uma vez que são identificadas as localidades que apresentam vulnerabilidade, sendo assim possível estabelecer políticas e programas que amenizem a problemática. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as zonas que apresentam vulnerabilidade no acesso à água no município de Cajazeiras - PB, por meio de dados obtidos junto ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os resultados indicam uma desproporcionalidade no acesso à água entre as zonas rurais e urbanas, sendo a primeira muito vulnerável a fatores de contaminação. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário programas de educação ambiental para o uso sustentável da água, como também o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que garantam a segurança hídrica e o bem-estar das populações que residem nessas áreas, tendo em vista o alto risco de ocorrência de surtos de doenças de veiculação hídrica devido a contaminação que pode ocorrer na captação, transporte e armazenamento. </p>

scholarly journals Parenting during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (231) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Karki ◽  
Gunjan Dhonju ◽  
Arun Raj Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Preventative Intervention ◽  
Mental Well Being

Parenting is both an art and science of nurturing a child that comes very naturally to some. In today’s world, the fundamentals of parenting are getting challenged but it has been even more magnified during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The mental health of children is bound to be affected by the stress related to COVID-19 owing to loss of usual routine, unpredictability, uncertainty. Various other social, economic, and environmental factors also threaten their mental well-being. Parents are the child’s first and longest-lasting context for development Positive parenting that involves sensitivity, responsivity, caring, communicating, and empowering would ensure positive developmental outcomes in children and adolescents. Positive parenting and self-care of parents would serve as a promotive and preventative intervention for child and adolescent mental health, especially during this crisis.

Sustainable Environmental Service - Knowledge Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Pitchayanin Sukholthaman ◽  
Kunio Shirahada
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Knowledge management (KM) is a key factor to increase effectiveness of management system. There have been researches of KM on many environmental services. Unfortunately, only a few researches have focused on sustainable service for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). There are evidences of ineffective waste management causing socio-economic and environmental problems, especially in urban areas of developing countries. Humans live in service economy and knowledge society. Waste management is one of the most important public services that all residents should receive while knowledge is needed to make service run smoothly and sustainably. This paper combines concepts of sustainable service and KM to clarify the importance and how these concepts have impacts on societal well-being. Literature reviews and questionnaire surveys are main analysis methods of this paper. Sustainable service with KM roles will be described and co-created values are identified.

scholarly journals Towards a Sustainable Built Environment : Environmentally Concious Planning, Design and Construction

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
Design And Construction

Cities, urban areas and other built-up areas must possess a good healthy living environment which contributes to the general well-being of the regional and global environment. This can be achieved if buildings and other man-made objects are planned and designed in an environmentally appropriate fashion to promote sustainability. This paper is directed towards the ultimate outcome of providing a better built-environment. It reviews how we can enhance environmentally-concious planning, design and construction in the built environment involving all building professionals.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Sustainability Assessment ToolSBToolPT: From Buildings to the Built Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Castanheira ◽  
Luís Bragança
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Sustainability Assessment Tools

This paper analyses the current trends in sustainability assessment. After about 15 years from the launch of sustainability assessment tools, focused on buildings evaluation, the paradigm of sustainability assessment tools is changing from the building scale to the built environment scale. Currently European cities and cities around the world are concerned with sustainable development, as well as its evolution. Cities seek a way to adapt to contemporary changes, in order to meet the required needs and ensure population’s well-being. Considering this, the new generations of sustainability assessment tools are being developed to be used to guide and help cities and urban areas to become more sustainable. Following the trend of the most important sustainability assessment tools, the sustainability assessment toolSBToolPTis also developing its version for assessing the sustainability of the built environment, namely, the urban planning projects and the urban regeneration projects, to be developed in Portugal, theSBToolPT-UP. The application of the methodology to three case studies will demonstrate its feasibility; at the same time this will identify the best practices which will serve as reference for new projects, thereby assisting the development of the tool.

scholarly journals Energy Justice in Slum Rehabilitation Housing: An Empirical Exploration of Built Environment Effects on Socio-Cultural Energy Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramit Debnath ◽  
Gianna Monteiro Farias Simoes ◽  
Ronita Bardhan ◽  
Solange Maria Leder ◽  
Roberto Lamberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Design Elements

The interaction of energy and buildings institutes a complex socio-technical system that influences the eudemonic well-being of the occupants. Understanding these drivers become even more necessary in impoverished areas where occupants struggle to avail essential energy services. The literature indicates that energy injustice can be addressed through provisioning of comfort, cleanliness, and convenience (3Cs) as critical cultural energy services in low-income areas. This study investigates the socio-architectural influence for slum rehabilitation housing (SRH) on cultural energy services that can promote distributive justice. The methodology adopts an empirical route using data from 200 household surveys from SRH in Mumbai, India, and João Pessoa, Brazil. A model between the 3Cs and socio-architectural elements was established using Firth’s binary logistic regression. The survey results showed that the SRH in Brazil had twice the appliance ownership as compared to the Mumbai SRH. There were distinct energy service preferences in the study areas, despite common poverty burdens. The empirical results showed that the lack of socio-architectural design elements like open spaces, privacy, and walkability in the study areas demanded specific comfort and convenience appliances as a counter-response. A critical policy implication drawn was on the need for socio-architectural inclusive energy planning for distributive justice in poverty. Mitigating rising energy demand through appropriate built environment design of slum rehabilitation housing can contribute to fulfilling the UN’s SDG 7 (clean and affordable energy) and 11 (sustainable cities and communities) goals.

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