Measurement Models for Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors of Passenger Cars Considering Characteristics of Roads and Traffic

In order to effectively control carbon dioxide emissions of motorized vehicles, it is very important to measure their carbon dioxide emission factors. The objective of this paper was to develop measurement models for the carbon dioxide emission factors of passenger cars. Road systems of downtown areas of four typical Chinese counties were explored and 12 types of basic road networks were recognized and defined. With PTV Vissim, microscopic traffic simulation models were set up for every type of basic road network, average speeds of the simulated cars were collected, and carbon dioxide emissions were calculated using MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) software. For model development, the paper put forth two compound explanatory variables: the weighted average of segment lengths and the sum of critical ratios of volume to saturation flow rate. Six functional relationships for the variables were tested and the double exponential function was proven to be the most appropriate. Finally, for each of the 12 types of basic road networks, a measurement model for carbon dioxide emission factors was calibrated using the double exponential function for the variables. The measurement models can be used to estimate the carbon dioxide emissions of passenger cars concerning potential improvement schemes impacting traffic demand and/or traffic supply.

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The development trend and prospect of automobile energy-saving standard system under the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127102006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 271 ◽

pp. 02006

Author(s):

Zheng Tianlei ◽

Wang Zhao ◽

Liu Shaohui ◽

Bao Xiang ◽

Liu Zhichao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Development Trend ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Standard System ◽

Current Status ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

The Development Trend

This paper conducts research on the development trend of automobile energy-saving standard system under China’s goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. The research first sorted out the carbon dioxide emission standards and regulations of major automobile developed countries in the world, systematically analyzed the current status of China's automobile energy-saving standard system, and proposed the key problems at this stage. With the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions as the core, the key tasks for the next phase of the construction of the automotive energy-saving standard system are proposed, including comprehensively promoting the formulation of fuel consumption standards for passenger cars and commercial vehicles from 2025 to 2030, and accelerating the construction of NEV energy-saving standard system.

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The Problem of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Closed Coal Mine Shafts – The Overview and the Case Study

Archives of Mining Sciences ◽

10.1515/amsc-2016-0042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 587-600

Author(s):

Paweł Wrona ◽

Józef Sułkowski ◽

Zenon Różański ◽

Grzegorz Pach

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Mining Area ◽

Emission Point ◽

Water Pumping ◽

Gas Hazard ◽

Flow Through ◽

Reporting Procedures

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions are a common problem noticed in every mining area just after mine closures. However, there could be a significant local gas hazard for people with continuous (but variable) emission of these gases into the atmosphere. In the Upper Silesia area, there are 24 shafts left for water pumping purposes and gases can flow through them hydraulically. One of them – Gliwice II shaft – was selected for inspection. Carbon dioxide emission with no methane was detected here. Changes in emission and concentration of carbon dioxide around the shaft was the aim of research carried out. It was stated that a selected shaft can create two kinds of gas problems. The first relates to CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Possible emission of that gas during one minute was estimated at 5,11 kg CO2/min. The second problem refers to the local hazard at the surface. The emission was detected within a radius of 8m from the emission point at the level 1m above the ground. These kinds of matters should be subject to regular gas monitoring and reporting procedures.

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Czech Building Stock: Renovation Wave Scenarios and Potential for CO2 Savings until 2050

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2455

Author(s):

Antonín Lupíšek ◽

Tomáš Trubačík ◽

Petr Holub

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Building Stock ◽

National Debate ◽

Energy Consumptions ◽

Change Mitigation

One of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases is the operation of building stock. Improving its energy efficiency has the potential to significantly contribute to achieving climate change mitigation targets. The purpose of this study was to roughly estimate such potential for the operation of the national building stock of Czechia to steer the national debate on the development of related national plans. The estimation is based on a simplified energy model of the Czech building stock that consists of sub-models of residential and nonresidential building stocks, for which their future energy consumptions, shares of energy carriers and sources, and emission factors were modeled in four scenarios. Uncertainties from the approximation of the emission factors were investigated in a sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the operation of the Czech building stock in 2016 totaled 36.9 Mt CO2, which represented 34.6% of the total national carbon dioxide emissions. The four building stock scenarios could produce reductions in the carbon dioxide emissions of between 28% and 93% by 2050, when also considering on-side production from photovoltaics. The implementation of the most ambitious scenario would represent a drop in national CO2 yearly emissions by 43.2% by 2050 (compared to 2016).

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Driving Factors Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Based on STIRPAT Model

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1910 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 734-737 ◽

pp. 1910-1914 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qiao Zhi Zhao ◽

Qing You Yan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

High Speed ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Urbanization Process ◽

Stirpat Model ◽

Factors Analysis ◽

Secondary Industry

China is developing at relatively high speed, not only the regional development speed should be focused upon, but also the environmental impact of economic growth should be paid attention to, especially the level change of carbon dioxide emission. To some degree, quantity of carbon dioxide emission has become one of the most important indexes for measuring quality of a nations economic growth. Thus, this thesis is trying to analyze the driving relations between economic growth and carbon dioxide. Upon STIRPAT model, ridge regression method and elasticity theory are applied to analyze the influencing factors of carbon dioxide quantity such as the population quantity, Chinas urbanization process, per capita GDP, energy density and the percentage of the secondary industry. Correspondingly, based on the different influencing variables to carbon dioxide emission quantity, needy measures are brought out to control and decrease emissions. Feasible suggestions are trying to improve Chinas economic development quality.

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Prediction of passive intermodulation power level based on double exponential function model and genetic algorithm

Proceedings of 2011 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference ◽

10.1109/csqrwc.2011.6036945 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiang-hu Jiang ◽

Shi-quan Zhang ◽

Shao-zhou Wu ◽

Gang Ba

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Exponential Function ◽

Power Level ◽

Function Model ◽

Double Exponential ◽

Passive Intermodulation ◽

Double Exponential Function

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ENERGY-RELATED CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURE: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES

Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development ◽

10.15544/mts.2016.15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 192-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomas Baležentis ◽

Daiva Makutėnienė

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

European Union ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Value Added ◽

The European Union ◽

Undesirable Output ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Desirable Output ◽

Low Performance

The literature suggests different approaches towards modelling of the environmental impact caused by the production processes. The present paper attempts to establish a framework for multicriteria comparison of agricultural sectors of the European Union Member States and identify the performance gaps in terms of energy-related carbon dioxide emission. The research relies on the two approaches, viz. the by-production approach and the multi-criteria decision making approach. The environmental performance indicators were evaluated in regards to the desirable output (gross value added), inputs, and the undesirable output (carbon dioxide emission). The results indicate that Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Hungary should attempt to improve their carbon factors by implementing cleaner energy technologies. The combinations of by-production sub-indices suggest that productivity gains are more important for Sweden, Belgium, Poland, and France. Czech Republic, Latvia, and Finland are specific with low performance in terms of both the intended production and the undesirable output. The MCDM approach identified similar trends in performance as suggested by country ranking and correlation analysis.

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Analysis of monthly CO2 emission trends for major EU Countries: a time series approach

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1132 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Quatrosi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Structural Breaks ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Hard Coal ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Greenhouse Gasses ◽

Time Series Approach

The following paper analyses monthly trends for CO2 emissions from energy consumption for 31 European countries, four primary fuels (i.e., Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Hard Coal, Lignite) and three secondary fuels (i.e., Gas/Diesel Oil, LPG, Naphta, Petroleum Coke) from 2008 to 2019. Carbon dioxide emission has been estimated following the Reference Approach in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gasses Inventories. Country-specific (e.g. Tier 2) coefficient were retrieved from the IPCC Emission Factor Database and the UN Common Reporting Framework. Data on fuel consumption (e.g., Gross Inland Deliveries) were taken from the Eurostat database. This paper will fill some knowledge gap analysing monthly trends of carbon dioxide emissions for major EU Countries. As the progressive phase-out of carbon is taking place pretty much in all Europe, Crude Oil exerted the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the period considered. Analysis of selected countries unveiled several clusters within the EU in terms of major source of emissions. As final step, the paper has endeavoured the task of fitting a model for monthly CO2 forecasting. The whole series presents two structural breaks and can be explained by an autoregressive model of the first order. Indeed, further speculations on a more appropriate fit and more fuels in the estimation, is demanded to other works.

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