scholarly journals Imaging the Functional Neuroanatomy of Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Applications and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2356
Author(s):  
Fulvio Lauretani ◽  
Yari Longobucco ◽  
Giulia Ravazzoni ◽  
Elena Gallini ◽  
Marco Salvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

The neurobiology of Parkinson’s disease and its progression has been investigated during the last few decades. Braak et al. proposed neuropathological stages of this disease based on the recognizable topographical extent of Lewy body lesions. This pathological process involves specific brain areas with an ascending course from the brain stem to the cortex. Post-mortem studies are of importance to better understand not only the progression of motor symptoms, but also the involvement of other domains, including cognition and behavior. The correlation between the neuropathological expansion of the disease and the clinical phases remains demanding. Neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), could help to bridge this existing gap by providing in vivo evidence of the extension of the disorders. In the last decade, we observed an overabundance of reports regarding the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques. All these studies were aimed at improving the accuracy of Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis and discriminating it from other causes of parkinsonism. In this review, we look at the recent literature concerning PD and address the new frontier of diagnostic accuracy in terms of identification of early stages of the disease and conventional neuroimaging techniques that, in vivo, are capable of photographing the basal ganglia network and its cerebral connections.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease. Part 1. The Potential of Functional Neuroimaging

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
M.R. Sapronova ◽  
◽  
D.V. Dmitrenko ◽  
N.A. Schnaider ◽  
A.A. Molgachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Objective of the Review: To describe available functional neuroimaging techniques for use in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Key Points: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which affects 2-3% of people older than 65 years. The main neuropathological hallmarks of PD are an accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the cellular cytoplasm and a loss of neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, leading to dopamine deficiency. Clinical symptoms of the disease appear when the underlying neural impairment is already advanced, which significantly reduces treatment options. Over the two last decades, functional neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transcranial sonography have increasingly been used for diagnosing PD during patients’ lifetime and understanding the neuropathological mechanisms and compensatory reactions underlying its symptoms, as well as for monitoring the progression of PD. Conclusion: Modern functional neuroimaging techniques not only facilitate differential diagnosis of PD, but also make it possible to detect the disease at its early/preclinical stage. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, neuroimaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transcranial sonography.

scholarly journals Correlation between 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDOPA PET in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Julieta E. Arena ◽  
Leandro Urrutia ◽  
Germán Falasco ◽  
Magdalena Ponce de Leon ◽  
Silvia Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Semiquantitative Analysis ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Abstract Objective: To determine whether technetium-99m-labeled tropane derivative single-photon emission computed tomography (99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT) provides results comparable to those of the less widely available, less accessible tool fluorine-18-labeled fluorodopa positron-emission tomography (18F-FDOPA PET) in the setting of a movement disorders clinic. Materials and Methods: In this prospective pilot study, eight subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease were randomly selected from among patients under treatment at a movement disorders clinic and submitted to 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDOPA PET. The results were read by two experienced observers, and a semiquantitative analysis was performed. Results: The visual and semiquantitative analyses were concordant for all studies, showing that radiotracer uptake in the contralateral striatum on the most affected side was lower when 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT was employed. The semiquantitative analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between 18F-FDOPA PET and 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT (r = 0.73; p < 0.01). Conclusion: It appears that 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT is a valid option for the study of dopaminergic function in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Clinical Differentiation of Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CCRep.S11903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fekete ◽  
Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Postural Tremor ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Rest Tremor ◽  
Dopaminergic Terminal

We present clinical features and tremor characterization in a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as in two cases of essential tremor (ET) with some parkinsonian features but no evidence of dopaminergic terminal loss on 123I-FP-CIT Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). Relatively slow frequency rest tremor and bilateral upper extremity bradykinesia without decrementing amplitude were observed in the ET cases, with unilaterally decreased arm swing in case 3. Alternating rest tremor and re-emergent tremor with 13 second latency was confirmed in the PD case. Re-emergent tremor had alternating characteristics, which to our knowledge has not been previously reported. The ET cases had synchronous postural tremor. Alternating re-emergent tremor in PD provides further evidence for re-emergent tremor as an analogue of rest tremor in PD. Two cases of ET with synchronous postural tremor and one to two year history of parkinsonian features had no evidence of dopaminergic terminal loss up to 40 years after the initial onset of ET. Tremor synchronicity characterization can assist in differential diagnosis between the two disorders.

scholarly journals Radionuclide imaging of apoptosis for clinical application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyi Qin ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Mei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Radionuclide Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

AbstractApoptosis was a natural, non-inflammatory, energy-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) that can be discovered in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Based on its characteristic biochemical changes, a great number of apoptosis probes for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed. Radionuclide imaging with these tracers were potential for the repetitive and selective detection of apoptotic cell death in vivo, without the need for invasive biopsy. In this review, we overviewed molecular mechanism and specific biochemical changes in apoptotic cells and summarized the existing tracers that have been used in clinical trials as well as their potentialities and limitations. Particularly, we highlighted the clinic applications of apoptosis imaging as diagnostic markers, early-response indicators, and prognostic predictors in multiple disease fields.

scholarly journals Evaluating dopamine transporter imaging as an enrichment biomarker in a phase 2 Parkinson’s disease trial

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Matthew Hutchison ◽  
Karleyton C. Evans ◽  
Tara Fox ◽  
Minhua Yang ◽  
Jerome Barakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Dat Spect

Abstract Background Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DaT-SPECT) can quantify the functional integrity of the dopaminergic nerve terminals and has been suggested as an imaging modality to verify the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Depending on the stage of progression, approximately 5–15% of participants clinically diagnosed with idiopathic PD have been observed in previous studies to have normal DaT-SPECT patterns. However, the utility of DaT-SPECT in enhancing early PD participant selection in a global, multicenter clinical trial of a potentially disease-modifying therapy is not well understood. Methods The SPARK clinical trial was a phase 2 trial of cinpanemab, a monoclonal antibody against alpha-synuclein, in participants with early PD. DaT-SPECT was performed at screening to select participants with DaT-SPECT patterns consistent with degenerative parkinsonism. Acquisition was harmonised across 82 sites. Images were reconstructed and qualitatively read at a central laboratory by blinded neuroradiologists for inclusion prior to automated quantitative analysis. Results In total, 482 unique participants were screened between January 2018 and May 2019; 3.8% (15/398) of imaged participants were excluded owing to negative DaT-SPECT findings (i.e., scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit [SWEDD]). Conclusion A smaller proportion of SPARK participants were excluded owing to SWEDD status upon DaT-SPECT screening than has been reported in prior studies. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for the low SWEDD rate in this study and whether these results are generalisable to future studies. If supported, the radiation risks, imaging costs, and operational burden of DaT-SPECT for enrichment may be mitigated by clinical assessment and other study design aspects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03318523. Date submitted: October 19, 2017. First Posted: October 24, 2017.

scholarly journals Nuclear medicine imaging technique in the erectile dysfunction evaluation: a mini-review

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (spe) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Godinho Ribeiro ◽  
Regina Moura ◽  
Rosane de Figueiredo Neves ◽  
Jean Pierre Spinosa ◽  
Mario Bernardo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

Functional imaging with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography is capable of visualizing subtle changes in physiological function in vivo. Erectile dysfunction(ED) diminishes quality of life for affected men and their partners. Identification of neural substrates may provide information regarding the pathophysiology of types of sexual dysfunction originating in the brain. The aim of this work is to verify the approaches of the nuclear medicine techniques in the evaluation of the erectile function/disfunction. A search using the words ED and nuclear medicine, ED and scintigraphy, ED and spect and ED and pet was done in the PubMed. The number of citations in each subject was determined. Neuroimaging techniques offer insight into brain regions involved in sexual arousal and inhibition. To tackle problems such as hyposexual disorders or ED caused by brain disorders, it is crucial to understand how the human brain controls sexual arousal and penile erection.

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