scholarly journals Body Image and Voluntary Gaze Behaviors towards Physique-Salient Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
April Karlinsky ◽  
Holly Howe ◽  
Melissa de Jonge ◽  
Alan Kingstone ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Image Variables

The purpose of this study was to explore body image correlates of voluntary consumption of physique-salient media. A secondary aim was to assess changes in affect following media consumption. Young adult men (n = 47; mean age = 20.2 years) and women (n = 87; mean age = 19.5 years) were discretely exposed to images of same-sex models with idealized- and average-physiques while completing an irrelevant computer task. Voluntary gaze at the images was covertly recorded via hidden cameras. Participants also completed measures of affect before and after the computer task. Measures of body-related envy, body appreciation, and self-perceptions of attractiveness, thinness, and physical strength were completed. Men and women did not differ in how often nor for how long they looked at the images overall, but body image variables were differentially associated with their voluntary gaze behaviors. For men, higher body-related envy and lower body appreciation were correlated with more looks at the average-physique model. Although women reported higher body-related envy than men, envy and body appreciation were not significant correlates of gaze behaviors for women. Both men and women experienced a general affective decrease over time, but only for men was the change in negative affect associated with their time spent looking at the ideal-physique image. Overall, these findings suggest that body-related envy and body appreciation influence how men choose to consume physique-salient media, and that media consumption may have negative consequences for post-exposure affect. Body image factors appear to be more strongly associated with behavior in men, perhaps because men are generally less often exposed to physique-salient media and, in particular, to average-physique images.

scholarly journals Body appreciation: A buffer against the impact of shame on depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S533-S533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marta-Simões ◽  
C. Ferreira ◽  
A.L. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
The Impact

Shame is defined as a painful affect, associated with the perception that one's personal characteristics and/or behaviours are seen by others as unattractive. Since it signals the possibility of rejection, high levels of shame associate with high psychological suffering and several psychopathological conditions, namely depression. In contrast, body appreciation is considered a set of attitudes of acceptance and affection towards one's body image, even when one is displeased with certain body characteristics, being therefore a disposition to self-soothing and care. Taking into account the association of body appreciation with healthy mental functioning, this study aimed at exploring the buffering effect of body appreciation against shame's impact on the display of depression symptoms. This hypothesis was tested through path analysis in a community sample of adult men and women. Results revealed body appreciation as a significant moderator of the association between external shame and depressive symptomatology. The tested model explained 45% of the variance of depressive symptomatology. A graphical representation allowed understanding that this moderator effect is particularly expressive in those who experience medium to high levels of shame. In these cases, men and women who present higher body appreciation tend to display fewer depression symptoms. These results seem to emphasize the importance of establishing a positive relationship with one's own body image, which appears to be protective either for men's and women's mental health. Considering its buffering effect of shame's impact on depression, upcoming interventions in this area could benefit from the assessment and cultivation of positive body image.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Body Image

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Body Acceptance ◽  
Disability Severity ◽  
Poor Body Image

It has often been wrongly assumed that people with disabilities have poor body image. The purpose of this chapter is to review the body image research involving individuals with impairments and investigating if they are dissatisfied with their appearance. People with disabilities such as cerebral palsy, blindness, and amputations are all very different, and their impairments are likely to differ in many other respects that can play a role in body image self-perceptions. The lack of unanimity across the research reviewed here suggests that disability type, disability severity, visibility, duration, congenital versus acquired factors, age, gender, ethnicity, social support, and self-efficacy are all important considerations that can moderate and mediate the link between disability and body image. Researchers are urged to use theory to guide their research and to consider nontraditional approaches to the study of body image. For instance, researchers studying positive body image understand that this does not comprise simply the absence of negative body image cognitions and have examined the role of body appreciation and body acceptance.

scholarly journals Effect of 16 Weeks of Resistance Training on Fatigue Resistance in Men and Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. Ribeiro ◽  
Ademar Avelar ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
Michele C.C. Trindade ◽  
Raphael M. Ritti-Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hypertrophy-type resistance training (RT) on upper limb fatigue resistance in young adult men and women. Fifty-eight men (22.7±3.7 years, 70.6±9.3 kg, and 176.8±6.4 cm) and 65 women (21.6±3.7 years, 58.8±11.9 kg, and 162.6±6.2 cm) underwent RT for 16 weeks. Training consisted of 10-12 whole body exercises with 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum performed 3 times per week. Before and after the RT intervention participants were submitted to 1RM testing, as well as a fatigue protocol consisting of 4 sets at 80% 1RM on bench press (BP) and arm curl (AC). The sum of the number of repetitions accomplished in the 4 sets in each exercise was used to indicate fatigue resistance. There was a significant (p<0.05) time-by-group interaction in 1RM BP (men=+16%, women=+26%), however in 1RM AC no significant time-by-group interaction was observed (men=+14%, women=+23%). For the total number of repetitions, men and women showed a significant increase in BP (men=+16.3%, women=+10.5%) with no time-by-group interaction. The results suggest that the adaptation in maximal strength is influenced by sex in BP. On the other hand, for fatigue resistance, the individual’s sex does not seem to influence outcomes either in BP or AC

scholarly journals Body appreciation and appearance evaluation in individuals with obesity compared to individuals with normal-weight: findings from a representative German population sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha-Alexandra Weinberger ◽  
Claudia Luck-Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Population ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Body Image ◽  
Evaluation Scores

Abstract Purpose Body image has been identified as an important factor in mental health in individuals with obesity. Previous studies have focused on negative body image and research of positive body image—particularly in obesity—is still in its infancy. The current study explored the positive body image facet body appreciation and the negative facet appearance evaluation in different BMI groups as well as men and women. Methods A total of 1003 participants of the general German public above the age of 18 years completed measures on body appreciation and appearance evaluation. Results Significantly lower body appreciation was observed in male participants with obesity compared to normal-weight participants. In women, the BMI groups did not differ significantly in body appreciation. BMI was negatively associated with appearance evaluation in both genders. While men and women did not differ in body appreciation, men reported lower appearance evaluation scores compared to women. Conclusion The present study is one of few that investigated positive body image in individuals with obesity compared to individuals with normal weight. The findings underscore the potential of body appreciation as a resource in treatment of body image concerns in individuals with obesity. Further implications for future research are discussed. Level of evidence III, case–control analytic study.

PREDICTORS OF BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION IN ADULT MEN AND WOMEN

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharin Palladino Green ◽  
Mary E. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Family Pressure

Disordered eating and body image have been widely studied in college students and children. However, few studies have examined body image dissatisfaction in adulthood. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in adult men and women. One hundred and thirty-nine adults were surveyed on body dissatisfaction and possible relating factors. It was found that media influence predicted body dissatisfaction in women and that age, family pressure and self-esteem predicted body image dissatisfaction in both men and women. Because adults' views about their bodies can have an impact on those of their children, it is important that researchers continue to examine body image dissatisfaction and comparable issues within adult populations.

Gender and locus of control correlates of body image dissatisfaction

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Nicola Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Perceived Locus Of Control

The study concerned sex and various locus of control correlates of body image satisfaction. The results indicated that men and women differ significantly in the degree and in the direction of dissatisfaction towards their bodies, which were consistent with the culturally defined ideals for men and women. Significant differences were also observed regarding self‐perceptions, suggesting that women more than men are more likely to suffer from depression and have lower self‐esteem which was itself associated with body image satisfaction. Individual beliefs about perceived control towards achieving an ‘ideal’ body shape were assessed using a new locus of control scale which correlated significantly with two scales measuring attitudes relating to body shape. The results from this new scale suggest that perceived locus of control beliefs are important predictors of the resulting behaviours and self‐perceptions associated with body shape satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

879: Sensitivity Mapping of Adult Men and Women Based on Sagasf Survey

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
Justine M. Schober ◽  
Heino F.L. Meyer-Bahlburg ◽  
Philip G. Ransley
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men
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