Remarriage of elderly Widows: Widows’ attitude and fear regarding new romantic relationships

This study examines the fears, after the death of their partners, which elderly widows experience regarding a new romantic relationship, in other words the decision whether to stay single or remarry. Participants in the study were widows who provided information about their attitude and fears regarding remarriage. The study operationalizes the theory of marriage in order to understand the factors that influenced their decisions whether to remain single or opt for re-marriage. The study is anchored in a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews with elderly widows who were not currently married were employed to collect data. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis that defined the experiences and perceptions of elderly widows. The findings were categorized into five main themes: fear of being ostracised by in-laws and family pressure, poor previous marriages, the caregiver role, inheritance rights, and not being able to find a suitable partner. Their involvement in a remarried relationship is perceived as taboo by both family and family-in-law. Furthermore, they see a remarriage as compromising their inheritances rights and are aware of the difficulty of finding a partner who matches their preference.

EFFECT OF PEER AND FAMILY PRESSURE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS OF NARAYAN NURSING COLLEGE, JAMUHAR, SASARAM.

Pressure is itself a neutral word. Peer pressure and family pressure has a major contribution towards academic achievement and personality development of a student. Objective of the study was (1) To determine the relationship between the peer pressure on academic performance of nursing student. (2) To determine the relationship between the family pressure on academic performance of nursing students. (3) To compare gender wise relation between peer pressure and family pressure on academic performance. Methodology of this study was qualitative approach and Research Design is Descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Narayan Nursing college and sample were B.Sc Nursing 3rd and G.N.M 3rd year studying at Narayan Nursing College, Jamuhar, Sasaram. Random sampling techniques was used. Number of sample for the study is 100 Undergraduate Nursing students who have attended university exam in 2019. Findings of the study is (1) There is positive correlation between peer pressure and family pressure on academic performance. (2) There is a negative correlation between peer pressure and family pressure of male students. (3) There is a positive correlation between peer pressure and family pressure of female student.

RURAL WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE OF LEISURE IN A GENDERED WORLD: A SOUTH ASIAN PERSPECTIVE

Purpose of the Study: The main objective of this paper was to synthesize and analysing the existing knowledge to evaluate the effect of public space on women’s leisure. Another major objective was to check the role of gender in determining leisure activities and opportunities for rural women. The current study focuses on South Asian rural women concerning Pakistani society. Methodology: For the present study, the researchers analysed and reviewed articles from different databases like Google Scholar, Taylor, and Francis, Springer, and Sage publication journals from 2000 to 2020. Principal Findings: After reviewing the various studies conducted in the 21st century, the results showed that most rural women are not allowed to do leisure in public space, and they have few opportunities to do it inside the boundary of the household. The public space is used predominantly by males for their leisure. Family pressure and patriarchal social norms also hampered women’s desire to claim public space for leisure activities. Application of the Study: This study concluded that the leisure opportunities for rural women are less as compared to their counterparts. Public space is vital and plays a pivotal role in shaping and determining leisure activities for both genders. This study also raised certain questions which are thought-provoking and can be crucial for future investigation. Novelty/Originality: this study is a unique effort to discuss rural women’s leisure from a South Asian Perspective. It also gives insight with the support of most recent data regarding rural women’s leisure and its relationship with the social structure of society.

CORRELATION BETWEEN RELIGIOUS MOTIVES AND THE PERSONAL WISH OR FAMILY PRESSURE AS REASON OF VEILING AMONG MALAYSIAN MUSLIM UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

This paper is part of the broader research to investigate Malaysian university student’s veiling pattern and their motives to adopt and using veiling. This paper particularly focuses on relationship between religious motives and the personal wish or family pressure as the reason of using veiling articles among Malaysian Muslim University students. The data were collected through survey method with the help of a closed ended questionnaire from 335 female (Muslim and non-Muslim) university students of University Malaysia Perlis. After processing of Data 255 cases of veiling Muslim university students were included in this research paper. The research tool for this research study comprises of three broader main scales to assess the practice of veiling due to religious motives, personal wish, and family pressure among these students. The data were analyzed to identify the relationship between religious motives behind veiling and the choice made by the student’s personal wish for veiling or due to their family pressure to veil by applying Pearson correlation. The results show a statistically significant positive relationship between religious motives and the personal wish of veiling among Malaysian Muslim university students.

Emotional and Financial Stress in Doctors Working in the COVID-19 Crisis

Background and Objective: COVID-19 took the world by a storm and impacted not only the general population but the doctors as well. This study was done in order to determine the financial and economic burden faced by the doctors working in COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out from May 9th to May 23rd, 2020 in Pakistan. A self-designed validated Questionnaire was distributed to doctors working in different hospitals of Pakistan through online Google form. Questions regarding emotional and financial stress in Pakistani doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients were included. Results: One hundred and twenty doctors responded to the current study. Majority of them 97 (80.6%) reported stress during duty hours. Stress level was high among 78 (65.3%) doctors to the extent they thought of leaving the job because of risk of getting infected. Less salaries and family pressure were the other demotivating factors. Most of the doctors 71 (59.2%)] were younger than 30 years of age. Eighty-five (71%) doctors reported being pressurized by the families to leave the job. Shortage of protective gears was also the challenge. A total of 65 (54.2%) doctors got their gears from their institutes, 27 (22.2%) bought their own gears, 23 (19.4%) worked without gears, and 5 (4.8%) got gears from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Conclusion: Majority of the doctors reported stress during duty hours regardless of level or experience in that job; the contributing factors included risk of getting infected, lesser salaries and family pressure. During COVID-19 pandemic, doctors feel that they are not only emotionally exhausted but also tried to cope financial challenges while endangering themselves to save the lives of patients.

ИСТОРИЯ О КАЙСЕ И ЛЮБНЕ В СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОМ АРАБСКОМ ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ

Medieval Arabic literature is rich in love stories about Bedouin poets who lived in pre-Islamic and Islamic times. By the end of the 9 century AD, these tales have formed an independent genre that followed certain aesthetic principles and norms. One of these stories — the romance of Qays ibn Ḏarīḥ and his beloved Lubnā — is unique, for it has a number of unusual features, including two versions of an ending — tragic and happy. This article attempts to trace the process of the story formation to clarify the reason for the existence of two ending versions and discuss its other peculiarities. The study has revealed that the romance of Qays and Lubnā has a pre-Islamic prototype — the tale of ‘Abdallāh Ibn al-‘Ağlān and Hind. Traces of this version survived in the romance of Qays and Lubnā, which is rooted in the oral tradition: it combines the elements of the old primitive unhappy lovers canon (a marriage, then a divorce under family pressure, separation, suffering and death) and the new model — the ‘Udrī love story that appeared after the rise of Islam as a reaction to new aesthetic values that cultivated chaste love. As the political disagreements emerged in Islam and the role of Šī‘a Islam increased, a number of new details and a happy end were added to the story (very likely in 8 century AD), reflecting the philosophical contradictions between Sunnī and Šī‘a Islam. These points have determined the uniqueness of the story about Qays ibn Ḏarīḥ and Lubnā among other ‘Udrī love stories.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among school going adolescents in Delhi: a cross sectional study

Background: Adolescence is a stressful period due to physical, psychological, sexual changes and the presence of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress at this stage of life is a matter of concern. Depression is a common mental disorder, characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of interest in activities that you normally enjoy, accompanied by an inability to carry out daily activities, for at least two weeks. The objective of this study is to find the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among school going adolescents.Methods: This was a school based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the month of July 2018 in an urban school in New Delhi. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire to assess socio-demographic profile as well as depression anxiety stress scale (DASS)–21 was used to assess depression, stress and anxiety.Results: Overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were found to be 47.9%, 65.3%, and 51.8% respectively. Most of student suffered from moderate depression (46.8%), anxiety (33.3%) and mild stress (60.9%). It was noted that these were more common among female students, late adolescent age group, students alone/ away from family, students from separated/ single parents, consuming alcohol and family pressure to perform well in school.Conclusions: The alarming risk of depression, anxiety and stress among students with low academic satisfaction as well as those who face family pressure to perform better calls for need of parents-student counselling sessions, as well as frequent extracurricular activities to help create a healthier school environment.

Antecedent Variable of Job Satisfaction and Family Satisfaction and Its Effect on the Intention to Quit

This research aims to analyse the influence of family pressure, family involvement, work-family conflict, and job satisfaction toward the family satisfaction. Design/Method: This research uses quantitative research method. The sample of this research is 100 respondent. Family pressure has negative and significant impact on family satisfaction, family involvement has positive but not significant impact toward family satisfaction, work-family conflict has negative and significant impact toward the family satisfaction, job satisfaction has positive and significant effect toward family satisfaction, work pressure has a negative and significant effect toward job satisfaction, job involvement has positive but insignificant effect toward job satisfaction, the work-family conflict has negative and significant impact toward job satisfaction, family satisfaction has positive and significant impact toward job satisfaction. This research becomes a unique one because the other previous researchers did not set a requirement for respondents with more than two children.

Pretrial Detainees, Sentenced Prisoners, and Treatment Motivation

A dilemma for corrections practitioners is treatment for pretrial detainees. They are innocent until proven guilty and are not required to take treatment, but many may benefit from intervention. To assess the general level of treatment interest and potential differences, a sample of 221 male remand and sentenced Canadian provincial prisoners completed several Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment (CEST) scales. Prisoner treatment motivation and its correlates were assessed by examining univariate, bivariate, and multivariate effects for demographic attributes, legal factors, risk, perceptions of personal/family/pressure for treatment, and depression. It was found that about 36% to 40% of study subjects expressed moderate to strong motivation for treatment. Age, pressure, and depression were the only correlates consistently associated with treatment motivation. There were no differences found between remand and sentenced prisoners. Results indicated that pretrial detainees have a definite interest in undertaking programming.