scholarly journals Short-Term Acute Exposure to Wildfire Smoke and Lung Function among Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Officers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11787
Author(s):  
Subhabrata Moitra ◽  
Ali Farshchi Tabrizi ◽  
Dina Fathy ◽  
Samineh Kamravaei ◽  
Noushin Miandashti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Royal Canadian Mounted Police ◽  
Air Pollution Index ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Peripheral Airways

The increasing incidence of extreme wildfire is becoming a concern for public health. Although long-term exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with respiratory illnesses, reports on the association between short-term occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 218 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers (mean age: 38 ± 9 years) deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfires in 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was calculated by integrating the duration of exposure with the air quality parameters obtained from the nearest air quality monitoring station during the phase of deployment. Lung function was measured using spirometry and body plethysmography. Association between exposure and lung function was examined using principal component linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. In our findings, the participants were predominantly male (71%). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and residual volume (RV) were 76.5 ± 5.9 and 80.1 ± 19.5 (% predicted). A marginal association was observed between air pollution and higher RV [β: 1.55; 95% CI: −0.28 to 3.37 per interquartile change of air pollution index], but not with other lung function indices. The association between air pollution index and RV was significantly higher in participants who were screened within the first three months of deployment (2.80; 0.91 to 4.70) than those screened later (−0.28; −2.58 to 2.03), indicating a stronger effect of air pollution on peripheral airways. Acute short-term exposure to wildfire-associated air pollutants may impose subtle but clinically important deleterious respiratory effects, particularly in the peripheral airways.

scholarly journals Short-term acute exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function in a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhabrata Moitra ◽  
Ali Farshchi Tabrizi ◽  
Dina Fathy ◽  
Samineh Kamravaei ◽  
Noushin Miandashti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Royal Canadian Mounted Police ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Peripheral Airways ◽  
Short Term Exposure

ABSTRACTRationaleThe increasing incidence of extreme wildfire is becoming a concern for public health. Although long-term exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with respiratory illnesses, reports on the association between short-term occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function remain scarce.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data of 218 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers (mean age: 38±9 years) deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfire in 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was calculated by integrating the duration of exposure with the air quality parameters obtained from the nearest air quality monitoring station during the phase of deployment. Lung function was measured using spirometry and body plethysmography. Association between exposure and lung function was examined using principal component linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe participants were predominantly male (71%). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and residual volume (RV) were 76.5±5.9 and 80.1±19.5 of % predicted. A marginal association was observed between the principal air pollution component and higher RV [β: 1.55; 95%CI: -0.28 to 3.37 per interquartile range change of air pollution index], but not with other lung function indices. The association was significantly higher in participants who were screened within the first three months of deployment [2.80; 0.91 to 4.70] than those screened later [-0.28; -2.58 to 2.03], indicating a more acute effect of air pollution on peripheral airways.ConclusionAcute short-term exposure to wildfire-associated air pollutants may impose subtle but clinically important deleterious respiratory effects, particularly in the peripheral airways.

Characteristics and Causes of Air Pollution in Lanzhou, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 808-814
Author(s):  
Yu Xia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
National Income ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Meteorological Factor ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Air Pollution Index

Ten of the top 20 polluted cities are in China, while Lanzhou is the most famous one in the ten. Relevant foreign researches show that urban air pollution generated economic losses reached the city of 3% of national income. In this paper, air pollutants, air pollution index (API for short) and meteorological data of 2000-2008 are analyzed using statistical methods and results show that: (1) Air pollution index (API) in Lanzhou shows an obvious seasonal change with high value in winter and low in summer.(2) Its primary air pollutants are particulate pollutants, in total 3113 days during 2000-2008, only 96days of air quality are good and taking 3.08%; there are severe polluted 168 days, moderate polluted 114 days and light polluted 1106 days.(3) Primary pollution particles of 2928 days are inhalable particles, accounting for 94.06%. Second pollution is SO2 and taking 2.97%. (4) Seasonal distribution of pollution, severe pollution and moderate pollution occurs mostly in winter and spring quarters. Seasonal variation shows the number of severe polluted days in the four months of Jan, March, April, and Dec account for 78.6% of total severe polluted days during 2000-2008. The most severe polluted and second polluted days mainly occurred in winter and spring, closely related with winter house heating and spring dust storm. The number of excellent air quality days is more in the rainy days, indicating that deposition of pollutants or the dilution effect precipitation is apparent. (5) There are close relationship between API and meteorological factor such as precipitation, humidity and wind speed.

Forecasting of Air Pollution Index with Artificial Neural Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Haizum Abd Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Hisyam Lee ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif ◽  
Suhartono S.
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Fuzzy Time Series ◽  
Air Pollution Index ◽  
Artificial Neural

In recent years, the arisen of air pollution in urban area address much attention globally. The air pollutants has emerged detrimental effects on health and living conditions. Time series forecasting is the important method nowadays with the ability to predict the future events. In this study, the forecasting is based on 10 years monthly data of Air Pollution Index (API) located in industrial and residential monitoring stations area in Malaysia. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), fuzzy time series (FTS) and artificial neural network (ANNs) were used as the methods to forecast the API values. The performance of each method is compare using the root mean square error (RMSE). The result shows that the ANNs give the smallest forecasting error to forecast API compared to FTS and ARIMA. Therefore, the ANNs could be consider a reliable approach in early warning system to general public in understanding the air quality status that might effect their health and also in decision making processes for air quality control and management.

Temporal Variation of Urban Air Quality in Nanchong, a Big City of Southwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Xiao Shuang Tong ◽  
You Ping Li ◽  
Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Air Pollution Index ◽  
Big City

The article applied 2008-2012 hourly mass concentrations of PM10, SO2and NO2and air pollution index (API) data to discuss the temporal variation of urban air quality in Nanchong, a big southwest city in China. The results showed that the annual mean PM10,SO2and NO2concentrations during 5 years were 61±1μg.m-3, 45±4μg.m-3, 35±5μg.m-3, respectively. And the annual mean concentrations and API values presented decreasing tendency, which were less than the annual second-level air quality limit except for NO2in 2008. In addition, the monthly mean values in spring and winter were higher than those in summer and fall, which the maximum appeared in December, and January, the minimum appeared in July and August.

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