scholarly journals Short-term acute exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function in a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhabrata Moitra ◽  
Ali Farshchi Tabrizi ◽  
Dina Fathy ◽  
Samineh Kamravaei ◽  
Noushin Miandashti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Royal Canadian Mounted Police ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Peripheral Airways ◽  
Short Term Exposure

ABSTRACTRationaleThe increasing incidence of extreme wildfire is becoming a concern for public health. Although long-term exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with respiratory illnesses, reports on the association between short-term occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function remain scarce.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data of 218 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers (mean age: 38±9 years) deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfire in 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was calculated by integrating the duration of exposure with the air quality parameters obtained from the nearest air quality monitoring station during the phase of deployment. Lung function was measured using spirometry and body plethysmography. Association between exposure and lung function was examined using principal component linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe participants were predominantly male (71%). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and residual volume (RV) were 76.5±5.9 and 80.1±19.5 of % predicted. A marginal association was observed between the principal air pollution component and higher RV [β: 1.55; 95%CI: -0.28 to 3.37 per interquartile range change of air pollution index], but not with other lung function indices. The association was significantly higher in participants who were screened within the first three months of deployment [2.80; 0.91 to 4.70] than those screened later [-0.28; -2.58 to 2.03], indicating a more acute effect of air pollution on peripheral airways.ConclusionAcute short-term exposure to wildfire-associated air pollutants may impose subtle but clinically important deleterious respiratory effects, particularly in the peripheral airways.

scholarly journals Short-Term Acute Exposure to Wildfire Smoke and Lung Function among Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Officers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11787
Author(s):  
Subhabrata Moitra ◽  
Ali Farshchi Tabrizi ◽  
Dina Fathy ◽  
Samineh Kamravaei ◽  
Noushin Miandashti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Royal Canadian Mounted Police ◽  
Air Pollution Index ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Peripheral Airways

The increasing incidence of extreme wildfire is becoming a concern for public health. Although long-term exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with respiratory illnesses, reports on the association between short-term occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 218 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers (mean age: 38 ± 9 years) deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfires in 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was calculated by integrating the duration of exposure with the air quality parameters obtained from the nearest air quality monitoring station during the phase of deployment. Lung function was measured using spirometry and body plethysmography. Association between exposure and lung function was examined using principal component linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. In our findings, the participants were predominantly male (71%). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and residual volume (RV) were 76.5 ± 5.9 and 80.1 ± 19.5 (% predicted). A marginal association was observed between air pollution and higher RV [β: 1.55; 95% CI: −0.28 to 3.37 per interquartile change of air pollution index], but not with other lung function indices. The association between air pollution index and RV was significantly higher in participants who were screened within the first three months of deployment (2.80; 0.91 to 4.70) than those screened later (−0.28; −2.58 to 2.03), indicating a stronger effect of air pollution on peripheral airways. Acute short-term exposure to wildfire-associated air pollutants may impose subtle but clinically important deleterious respiratory effects, particularly in the peripheral airways.

Association between lung function of school age children and short-term exposure to air pollution and pollen: the PARIS cohort

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215515
Author(s):  
Hélène Amazouz ◽  
Nicolas Bougas ◽  
Michel Thibaudon ◽  
Guillaume Lezmi ◽  
Nicole Beydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Total Pollen ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
Cluster 2

BackgroundDaily levels of ambient air pollution and pollen may affect lung function but have rarely been studied together. We investigated short-term exposure to pollen and air pollution in relation to lung function in school-age children from a French population-based birth cohort.MethodsThis study included 1063 children from the PARIS (Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study) cohort whose lung function and FeNO measurements were performed at age 8 years old. Exposure data were collected up to 4 days before testing. We estimated daily total pollen concentration, daily allergenic risk indices for nine pollen taxa, as well as daily concentrations of three air pollutants (particulate matter less than 10 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3)). Children with similar pollen and air pollution exposure were grouped using multidimensional longitudinal cluster analysis. Associations between clusters of pollen and air pollution exposure and respiratory indices (FEV1, FVC, FeNO) were studied using multivariable linear and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsFour clusters of exposure were identified: no pollen and low air pollution (Cluster 1), grass pollen (Cluster 2), PM10 (Cluster 3) and birch/plane-tree pollen with high total pollen count (Cluster 4). Compared with children in Cluster 1, children in Cluster 2 had significantly lower FEV1 and FVC levels, and children from Cluster 3 had higher FeNO levels. For FEV1 and FVC, the associations appeared stronger in children with current asthma. Additional analysis suggested a joint effect of grass pollen and air pollution on lung function.ConclusionDaily ambient chemical and biological air quality could adversely influence lung function in children.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of air pollution on blood pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Jung Choi ◽  
Sun-Hwa Kim ◽  
Si-Hyuck Kang ◽  
Sun-Young Kim ◽  
Ok-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractElevated blood pressure (BP) has been proposed as a possible pathophysiological mechanism linking exposure to ambient air pollution and the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In this study, we investigated the hourly relationship between ambient air pollutants and BP. BP measurements were extracted from the electronic health record database of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from February 2015 to June 2017. A total of 98,577 individual BP measurements were matched to the hourly levels of air pollutants. A generalized additive model was constructed for hour lags of 0–8 of air pollutants adjusting for age, sex, meteorological variables, and time trend. Systolic BP was shown to be significantly lower at 2–4 hours and 3–5 hours after increased levels of SO2 and CO, respectively (0.24 mmHg and 0.26 mmHg for an interquartile range, respectively). In contrast, O3 and NO2 were associated with significantly increased systolic BP at 3–5 lag hours and at 0–2 lag hours, respectively. BP elevation in association with O3 and NO2 was shown to be significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive subjects. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to air pollution may be associated with elevated BP.

AB0229 SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE NORTH OF ITALY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1415.1-1415
Author(s):  
F. Ingegnoli ◽  
T. Ubiali ◽  
T. Schioppo ◽  
V. Longo ◽  
S. Iodice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Background:Air pollution is believed to cause oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, that could trigger autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several epidemiological studies investigated the possible role of air pollution in the outbreak of RA with controversial results. As far as we know, studies on the effects on disease activity of short-term exposure have not been published.Objectives:To evaluate the impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants (daily mean PM10, PM2.5, NO2and O3) on disease activity in patients with RA.Methods:Consecutive patients with RA (ACR/EULAR Criteria 2010) resident in Lombardy (Italy) were enrolled. In each patient Disease Activity Score on 28 joints (DAS28), Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were assessed. Daily PM10, PM2.5, NO2and O3concentrations, estimated by Regional Environmental Protection Agency at municipality resolution, were used to assign short-term exposure from day of visit back to 14 days. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to identify the day of the pollutants independently associated with disease activity indices, adjusting for the variables significant at the univariate analysis. β coefficients were reported for 1 μg/m3increments of pollutants’ concentrations.Results:422 RA patients were enrolled in the study between January and June 2018: 81.5% females, mean age 58.2±13.3 years, mean disease duration 16.1±11.5 years, 27.3% current smokers, 59.5% RF positivity, 54.5% ACPA positivity. Sparse punctual statistically significant negative associations emerged at the multivariate analysis between PM10, PM2.5, NO2and the outcomes, although with very low estimates, whereas positive associations resulted for O3.Afterwards patients were stratified in 3 subgroups according to their ongoing treatment (no therapy, n=25, conventional synthetic Disease Modifying anti-Rheumatic Drugs -DMARDs-, n=108 and biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs, n=289). A statistical significance was found by analysing the influence of therapy on the interaction between PM2.5and DAS28 (Figure below): a positive trend between PM2.5and DAS28 appeared in the first two groups (no therapy, 0.013±0.007, p=0.06 and csDMARDs, 0.006±0.004, p=0.17), whereas a statistically significant inverse association was seen in the b/tsDMARDs group (-0.005±0.002, p=0.01). Therapy interaction was particularly evident in several days before the visit also for O3.Conclusion:The changes of the outcome measures related to the increase of the pollutants’ levels did not reach the minimal clinically important difference, therefore air pollution seems barely relevant on disease activity once the loss of tolerance is established in RA. O3and PM/NO2always exhibit an opposite performance having inversely proportional atmospheric concentrations, whereas the biological role of this substance is still matter of debate and will need further understanding. Therapy seems to be able to interact with the relation between air pollutants and the parameters considered.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Ingegnoli: None declared, Tania Ubiali: None declared, Tommaso Schioppo: None declared, Valentina Longo: None declared, Simona Iodice: None declared, Ennio Giulio Favalli Consultant of: Consultant and/or speaker for BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Consultant and/or speaker for BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Abbvie, Orazio De Lucia: None declared, Antonella Murgo: None declared, Valentina Bollati: None declared, Roberto Caporali Consultant of: AbbVie; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Lilly; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Celgene; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Pfizer; UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Celgene; Lilly; Gilead Sciences, Inc; MSD; Pfizer; Roche; UCB

P–736 Elevated levels of ambient air pollutants increase the primary sex ratio in human embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maluf ◽  
M Malu. Perin ◽  
P O Malu. Perin ◽  
P Perin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Sex Ratio ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Study question Are there any associations between ambient outdoor air pollution and the primary sex ratio (PSR)? Summary answer Short-term exposure to increased PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 levels were significantly associated with higher PSR. What is known already PSR estimates represent a backward extrapolation from data based on spontaneous or induced abortions, fetal deaths or live births and are usually male-biased. A recent study, analyzing 3- to 6-day-old embryos derived from assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures, showed that the sex ratio at conception is unbiased (0.5). Epidemiologic studies of air pollution on secondary (birth) sex ratio showed that higher levels of particulate pollution were associated with increased rates of female birth. However, a direct association between urban levels of air pollutants and PSR has not been reported. Study design, size, duration A retrospective cohort study was carried out to assess the impact of long- or short-term exposure to six ambient outdoor air pollutants (particulate matter, PM10µm and PM2.5µm; SO2; CO; NO2; O3) on PSR (XY/XX) of couples undergoing their first IVF cycle for preimplantation genetic screening (N = 337). Data was from fixed air quality monitoring stations across the city between January 2014 and December 2018. Embryos with sex chromosome abnormalities were excluded from the analysis. Participants/materials, setting, methods Average concentrations of the pollutants for the 90 (long-term exposure) and 15 days (short-term exposure) predating oocyte retrieval represented the exposures of interest. Pollutant levels were categorized into quartiles (Q1 to Q4) and exposure risk was divided into two periods in which average concentrations and confidence intervals for the pollutants were in the upper quartile (Q4 period) or not (Q1-Q3 period). The strength association between exposure risk and PSR was performed through analysis of covariance. Main results and the role of chance The estimated means of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO for Q1-Q3/Q4 periods were 27.7/39.3, 16.7/23.7, 2.5/3.9, 37.0/46.4, 32.2/45.3 µg/m3 and 0.64/0.87 ppm and 26.3/43.0, 16.0/26.3, 2.4/4.2, 36.5/47.8, 31.7/50.4 µg/m3 and 0.62/0.90 ppm for long- and short-term exposures, respectively. PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 levels in the Q4 period had significantly higher PSR (138.1, 134.0 and 137.6) when compared to Q1-Q3 period (94.4, 98.1 and 96.4) for the short-term exposure (p = 0.0193; p = 0.0439; p = 0.0180, respectively). PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO levels in the Q4 and Q1-Q3 periods for the long-term exposure showed no significant effect on PSR. Contrastingly, O3 levels in the Q4 period had significantly lower PSR (82.6) when compared to Q1-Q3 (115.9) for the long-term exposure (p = 0.0202). A monotonic increase in PSR was observed with increased PM10 concentration in the Q4 period for the short-term exposure (F-ratio: 4.4476; p = 0.0352). Limitations, reasons for caution Some limitations of the study should be underlined, such as its retrospective nature, exposure assessment based on pollutant levels derived from a network average across city sites, and limited extrapolation of the results to the general population. Wider implications of the findings: Our data suggest that short-term exposure to environmental factors could affect the primary sex ratio in polluted seasons or cities. A monotonic effect on PSR in the case of exposure to increasing PM10 levels was identified. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals The influence of dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the association between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes among healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Siqi Zhang ◽  
Wan Shen ◽  
Claudia Salazar ◽  
Alexandra Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background Short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is associated with adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has shown protection against exposure to fine particulate matter. This study aims to investigate whether habitual omega-3 PUFA intake differentially modify the associations between respiratory and cardiovascular responses and short-term exposure to ambient NO2. Methods Sixty-two healthy participants were enrolled into low or high omega-3 groups based on their habitual omega-3 PUFA intake. Each participant was repeatedly assessed for lung function, blood lipids, markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis, vascular function, and heart rate variability (HRV) in up to five sessions, each separated by at least 7 days. This study was carried out in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA between October 2016 and September 2019. Daily ambient NO2 concentrations were obtained from an area air quality monitoring station on the day of outcome assessment (Lag0), 4 days prior (Lag1-4), as well as 5-day moving average (5dMA). The associations between short-term exposure to NO2 and the measured indices were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models stratified by omega-3 levels and adjusted by covariates including relative humidity and temperature. Results The average concentration of ambient NO2 during the study periods was 5.3±3.8 ppb which was below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In the high omega-3 group, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in short-term NO2 concentrations was significantly associated with increased lung function [e.g. 1.2% (95%CI: 0.2%, 2.2%) in FVC at lag1, 2.6% (95%CI: 0.4%, 4.8%) in FEV1 at 5dMA], decreased blood lipids [e.g. -2.6% (95%CI: -4.4%, -0.9%) in total cholesterol at lag2, -3.1% (95%CI: -6.1%, 0.0%) in HDL at 5dMA, and -3.1% (95%CI: -5.5%, -0.7%) in LDL at lag2], improved vascular function [e.g. 8.9% (95%CI: 0.6%, 17.2%) increase in FMD and 43.1% (95%CI: -79.8%, -6.3%) decrease in endothelin-1 at 5dMA], and changed HRV parameters [e.g. -7.2% (95%CI: -13.6%, -0.8%) in HFn and 13.4% (95%CI: 0.2%, 28.3%) in LF/HF ratio at lag3]. In the low omega-3 group, an IQR increase in ambient NO2 was associated with elevations in coagulation markers (von Willebrand Factor, D-dimer) and a decrease in HRV (very-low frequency); however, null associations were observed between short-term NO2 exposure and changes in lung function, blood lipids, and vascular function. Conclusions The results in this study imply that dietary omega-3 PUFA consumption may offer respiratory and vascular benefits in response to short-term exposure of healthy adults to NO2 levels below the NAAQS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02921048).

scholarly journals Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Lung Function in the Framingham Heart Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Rice ◽  
Petter L. Ljungman ◽  
Elissa H. Wilker ◽  
Diane R. Gold ◽  
Joel D. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Short-Term Effect of Air Pollution on Tuberculosis Based on Kriged Data: A Time-Series Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqiong Huang ◽  
Hao Xiang ◽  
Wenwen Yang ◽  
Zhongmin Zhu ◽  
Liqiao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis (TB) has a very high mortality rate worldwide. However, only a few studies have examined the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and TB incidence. Our objectives were to estimate associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants and TB incidence in Wuhan city, China, during the 2015–2016 period. We applied a generalized additive model to access the short-term association of air pollution with TB. Daily exposure to each air pollutant in Wuhan was determined using ordinary kriging. The air pollutants included in the analysis were particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5), PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometers (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ground-level ozone (O3). Daily incident cases of TB were obtained from the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC). Both single- and multiple-pollutant models were used to examine the associations between air pollution and TB. Seasonal variation was assessed by splitting the all-year data into warm (May–October) and cold (November–April) seasons. In the single-pollutant model, for a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and O3 at lag 7, the associated TB risk increased by 17.03% (95% CI: 6.39, 28.74), 11.08% (95% CI: 6.39, 28.74), and 16.15% (95% CI: 1.88, 32.42), respectively. In the multi-pollutant model, the effect of PM2.5 on TB remained statistically significant, while the effects of other pollutants were attenuated. The seasonal analysis showed that there was not much difference regarding the impact of air pollution on TB between the warm season and the cold season. Our study reveals that the mechanism linking air pollution and TB is still complex. Further research is warranted to explore the interaction of air pollution and TB.

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