scholarly journals Exercise Dosage in Reducing the Risk of Dementia Development: Mode, Duration, and Intensity—A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13331
Author(s):  
Sukai Wang ◽  
Hong-Yu Liu ◽  
Yi-Chen Cheng ◽  
Chun-Hsien Su
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Multiple Infarct

Senile dementia, also known as dementia, is the mental deterioration which is associated with aging. It is characterized by a decrease in cognitive abilities, inability to concentrate, and especially the loss of higher cerebral cortex function, including memory, judgment, abstract thinking, and other loss of personality, even behavior changes. As a matter of fact, dementia is the deterioration of mental and intellectual functions caused by brain diseases in adults when they are mature, which affects the comprehensive performance of life and work ability. Most dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple infarct dementia (vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia). Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by atrophy, shedding, and degenerative alterations in brain cells, and its occurrence is linked to age. The fraction of the population with dementia is smaller before the age of 65, and it increases after the age of 65. Since women live longer than men, the proportion of women with Alzheimer’s disease is higher. Multiple infarct dementia is caused by a cerebral infarction, which disrupts blood supply in multiple locations and impairs cerebral cortex function. Researchers worldwide are investigating ways to prevent Alzheimer’s disease; however, currently, there are no definitive answers for Alzheimer’s prevention. Even so, research has shown that we can take steps to reduce the risk of developing it. Prospective studies have found that even light to moderate physical activity can lower the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Exercise has been proposed as a potential lifestyle intervention to help reduce the occurrence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Various workout modes will be introduced based on various physical conditions. In general, frequent exercise for 6–8 weeks lessens the risk of dementia development.

Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease in Kraepelin’s clinic, 1909–1912

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Keuck
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

Existing accounts of the early history of Alzheimer’s disease have focused on Alois Alzheimer’s (1864–1915) publications of two ‘peculiar cases’ of middle-aged patients who showed symptoms associated with senile dementia, and Emil Kraepelin’s (1856–1926) discussion of these and a few other cases under the newly introduced name of ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ in his Textbook of Psychiatry. This article questions the underpinnings of these accounts that rely mainly on publications and describe ‘presenility’ as a defining characteristic of the disease. Drawing on archival research in the Munich psychiatric clinic, in which Alzheimer and Kraepelin practised, this article looks at the use of the category as a diagnostic label in practice. It argues that the first cases only got their exemplary status as key referents of Alzheimer’s disease in later readings of the original publications. In the 1900s, the published cases rather functioned as material to think about the limits of the category of senile dementia. The examination of paper technologies in the Munich psychiatric clinic reveals that the use of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease was not limited to patients of a certain age and did not exclude ‘senile’ cases. Moreover, the archival records reflect that many diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease were noted in the medical records as suspicions rather than conclusions. Against this background, the article argues that in theory and practice, Alzheimer’s disease was not treated as a well-defined disease entity in the Munich clinic, but as an exploratory category for the clinical and histopathological investigation of varieties of organic brain diseases.

scholarly journals Sex Hormones and Cognitive Functions: Current Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-95
Author(s):  
S. Bulgakova ◽  
N. Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Hand Tools

Hormones of the axis of the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad, regulating reproductive function, have a multiple effect on the development and function of the brain. A number of studies have shown gender differences in cognitive functions both normal and for various brain diseases, which may be partially associated with sex hormones. The purpose of this article was to analyze the literature on the influence of sex hormones on cognitive functions throughout life, the role of sex hormones in reducing cognitive abilities, especially in Alzheimer’s disease, the possibility of exogenous ministration of sex hormones to improve cognitive functions and / or reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Doctor and neuroscientist: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation ‘cognitive brain’ of Homo sapiens using on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another — a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist ‘universal’ specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, endocrinology and geriatrics.

scholarly journals Caretaker Obstreperous Behavior Rating Scale

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (S3) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Swearer ◽  
David A. Drachman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Number Of Patients

Although Alzheimer's original description of the dementing disorder that bears his name emphasized the prominence of troublesome and disruptive behaviors, a systematic investigation of behavioral disturbances of dementia did not begin in earnest until the 1980s. At that time, as the neuropathologic identity of presenile Alzheimer's disease and late-onset “senile dementia” was recognized, the redefinition of Alzheimer's disease abruptly increased the number of patients diagnosed with this condition. Physicians and other medical personnel working with Alzheimer's disease patients recognized both the importance of abnormal behaviors in this now large patient population and the need to describe, classify, and quantify these behaviors.

Alzheimer's disease-type neurofibrillary degeneration in verrucose dysplasias of the cerebral cortex

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mor�n ◽  
A. Probst ◽  
C. Navarro ◽  
P. G�mez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Neurofibrillary Degeneration

Intralaminar Distribution of Neurotransmitter-Related Enzymes in Cerebral Cortex of Alzheimer’s Disease

Gerontology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Sorbi ◽  
Silvia Piacentini ◽  
Luigi Amaducci
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebral Cortex
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document