Development and Fabrication of an Innovative Smart Tool to Monitor the Impact Carving Process on Brittle Stones and Marble

The art of sculpting is related to the processing of brittle materials, such as granite, marble, and stone, and is implemented using percussive hand tools or rotational roughing tools. The outcome of percussion carving is still directly related to the technique, experience, and capacity of the sculptor. Any attempt to automate the art of sculpturing is exhausted in the subtraction method of brittle materials using a rotating tool. In the process of percussion carving, there is no equivalent expertise. In this work, we present the design, manufacturing (3D printing and CNC machining), and use of a smart, percussion carving tool, either manually by the hand of a sculptor, adjusted in a percussive pneumatic hammer, or guided by a digitally driven machine. The scope is to measure and record the technological variables and sizes that describe and document the carving process through the sensors and electronic devices that the smart tool incorporates, the development and programming of which was implemented for the purposes of this work. The smart carving tool was meticulously tested in various carving stones and stressing scenarios to test the functionality and efficacy of the tool. All the tests were successfully implemented according to the specifications set.

A questionnaire-based musculoskeletal disorder assessment for aircraft maintenance technicians

Purpose Aircraft maintenance technician (AMT) is the most critical profession in the aircraft maintenance system. The tasks of a licensed AMT require expertise and involve repetitive physical tasks such as tightening or loosening aircraft parts, carrying or removing parts during long working hours under time pressure and day/night shifts. This study aims to attract attention to the difficult working conditions of AMTs and identify the body parts that are at risk of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD). Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire is developed by the authors to gather demographic information, use of hand tools, equipment, use of fall protection, manual material handling (lifting, pushing, pulling), load weight, environmental factors, and MSD discomfort level perceptions. The questionnaire is applied to 150 AMTs during six months period, and the obtained data are analyzed by sequential ordinal logistic regression (OLR) models. Findings The ORL results confirm that the use of equipment (lift platform, scissors lift), safety belt attached to the platform, manual material handling, environmental factors (humidity, vibration and illumination) and resting periods have a significant effect on MSD risks. On the contrary, age, experience level, use of small hand tools, temperature and noise are not identified as statistically significant. Originality/value The study is original for it considers the working conditions and perceived discomfort levels of AMTs. A questionnaire is introduced to assess the consequences of the use of tools, equipment, fall protection equipment, environmental conditions and work organization on various body parts (neck, shoulder, elbow, back, lower back, wrist-hand, hip, knee, and ankle-feet), and strain level is identified. The study contributes to the theoretical aircraft maintenance literature and managers in practice.

The forgotten agriculture-nutrition link: farm technologies and human energy requirements

In the quest to reduce global under- and malnutrition, which are particularly high among smallholder farmers, agriculture-nutrition linkages are receiving increasing attention. Researchers have analyzed the link between the quantity and diversity of food that farmers produce and nutritional outcomes but paid limited attention to a third agriculture-nutrition link: the link between how food is produced and nutritional outcomes. This neglect persists despite the majority of smallholder farmers relying on hand tools for farming, which implies heavy physical work and, thus, high energy requirements. To address this research gap, this study compares the energy requirements of farm households in rural Zambia that are characterized by three different levels of mechanization: hand tools, animal drought power, and tractors. 1638 days of detailed time-use and nutrition data were collected from 186 male and female adults and boys and girls during different seasons (land preparation, weeding, and harvesting/processing) using an innovative picture-based smartphone app called “Timetracker”. This data served to calculate different proxies for physical activity and energy requirements using “Ainsworth’s Compendium of Physical Activities”. The results suggest that detailed time-use data offers great potentials to study physical activity and energy requirements. The findings show strong linkages between farm technologies, physical activity levels, and energy requirements, suggesting that this agriculture-nutrition link deserves more scientific and political attention to reduce under- and malnutrition among smallholder farmers.

Determination of the Main Wiring Position by Ground Penetrating Radar during the Reconstruction of a Terraced House

Currently, ground penetrating radar (GPR) is commonly used in civil engineering. It can be determined the number and location of steel reinforcement and other subjects in concrete or similar materials. The article is focused on using GPR for determination of the main wiring location. The wall where the main wiring was located were demolished as a part of the reconstruction. By this step the new entrance hall were created. The position and course of the main wiring were determined by GPR measurement. During demolition work were used hand tools in area with installations to avoid the damage. A lower resolution was found when the individual wires were close together. However, the position of the marginal cables was determined with an accuracy of one centimetre.

Hand anthropometry survey in Iranian adults and comparisons with other populations

BACKGROUND: Hand anthropometry is useful for designing manual systems such as hand tools, controls, and gloves. There are limited published data on the hand dimensions of Iranian male and female adults. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to measure the hand anthropometric dimensions in Iranian adults to compare data between two genders and also with the corresponding data from other nationalities. METHODS: A total of 34 dimensions of the right hand were measured in 217 male and 128 female adults using a digital caliper and tape. The mean, standard deviation, and the main percentiles are summarized in a table and the mean of each dimension is compared by independent t-tests between genders. Hand dimensions are compared between Iranian and other nationalities such as North Colombian, Korean, Turkish, Nigerian, Bangladeshi, Jordanian, and Vietnamese using the published data. RESULTS: Females had significantly smaller hand dimensions than males in all dimensions ranged from 4.21%to 18.16%, with the largest differences in hand breadths. Compared with other nationalities, the Iranian male and female adults had wider (greater breadth and circumferences) hands with shorter fingers. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed significant differences of hand anthropometry between Iranian and other nationalities which should be included in the design and selection of hand tools for Iranian population.

Financial Orientated Heuristic Evaluation for Hand Tools 2021 HFES International Annual Meeting

The goal of purchasing hand tools is to improve financial outcomes for buyers. These financialgains can come from multiple aspects of hand tools, such as increased productivity, improved product quality, and decreased injury rate. Based on a literature review, current hand tool purchasingdecisions are frequently made by professionals without specialized scientific backgrounds; however, the hand tool selection methods they receive are solely based on ergonomic evaluations. Heuristic evaluation, created by Nielsen & Molich (1990), has been proven effective in discoveringusability issues quickly. Combined with the knowledge from hand tool evaluation literature andNielsen & Molich’s (1990) heuristic evaluation platform, two versions of financially orientatedhand tool heuristic evaluations were created: a buyer version and a seller version. The buyer versionhelps hand tool buyers make financially orientated purchasing decisions; the designer version helpsquickly assess the financial viability of the hand tool design under review.

KERAN OTOMATIS SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENERAPAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH MUHAMMADIYAH 1 BEJI TIMUR DEPOK

Covid-19 pandemic has affected the education sector. Having implemented physical distancing policy to stop virus transmission in the second semester of 2019-2020 made learning from home policy for school children by using internet access. Almost all schools undergo learning from home during pandemic covid-19 including schools in Depok, West Java. To protect student health conditions returning study at school, infrastructure for health and clean sanitary system must be strengthened. The telecommunication study program of the Electronic Engineering department of Politeknik Negeri Jakarta offers electric washing hand tools or electric washbasin at Islamic Madrasa Muhammadiyah 1, Beji Timur Depok. This elementary school is a partner for the community development program of the study program. Washbasins are placed in front of classes equipped with a water tap as well as an appropriate drainage system. Water tap is built by using an infrared sensor which is based on microcontroller Atmega 328p. This electric water tap enables students and teachers to wash their hands merely by getting closer their hands on the water tap. Water will be poured and be stopped automatically. Keywords –Covid-19, electric water tap, health system, washbasin. Abstrak Akibat adanya pandemi virus Corona yang disebut COVID-19, dunia pendidikan ikut terdampak akibatnya. Dengan berlakunya Lock down dan Physical distancing, pada semester genap 2019-2020 pembelajaran dilakukan dari rumah dengan menggunakan bantuan teknologi internet. Hampir semua sekolah melakukan hal yang sama, apalagi Depok yang masuk zona merah dari pandemi COVID19. Siswa dapat hidup sehat dengan adanya sarana prasarana di rumah masing-masing, misalkan untuk cuci tangan menggunakan sabun dan air mengalir. Setelah pandemi kebiasan hidup sehat harus tetap dilanjutkan. Pembelajaran kembali ke model semula yaitu face to face. Sarana prasarana PHBS harus disiapkan disekolah. Program studi Telekomunikasi Jurusan Teknik Elektro menawarkan membuat tempat cuci tangan atau wastafel di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah 1 Beji Timur sebagai mitra pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat program studi. Wastafel dipasang di depan kelas dilengkapi dengan keran air dan pembuangan air yang benar. Untuk menerapkan keilmuannya dalam bidang teknik elektro, pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berbasis program studi Telekomunikasi ini dibuat keran otomatis menggunakan sensor infra red berbasis mikrokontroler Atmega 328p. Dengan keran otomatis ini jika ingin mencuci tangan cukup dekatkan tangannya kepada sensor, dan otomatis air akan keluar. Jika tangan dijauhkan dari sensor otomatis air akan berhenti mengalir. Jadi tidak perlu untuk membuka keran secara manual. Kata Kunci –covid, keran otomatis, PHBS, wastafel.

Novel Elastomer Materials for Extreme Temperature Operation in Subsea Thermal Insulation Applications at Unlimited Water Depth

Rubber based systems have been used in subsea thermal insulation for many years and have proven themselves to be reliable and cost efficient. Formulations have been changed over the years, pressing the maximum usage temperature upwards and into the realm of 160 to180°C in a hot-wet environment. Until recently there was a need for high temperature along with pressure vessels (autoclaves) for vulcanisation. This has limited the widespread use of such systems. Recent changes have eliminated the need for autoclaves, however the high temperature vulcanisation hasstill been required. A novel formulation has been developed to address these shortcomings, so that this class of materials could have wider use. This new material employs freely available materials in a unique blend. The material contains no hydrolysable groups and can operate from −40°C to 180°C continuously in air and in a hot-wet environment and retains its resilience and flexibility; and thus opening for use in both high and low temperature systems. The formulation does not include the use of hollow glass microspheres and is, correspondingly, without water depth limitations. A new, highly reliable vulcanisation chemistry allows for a stable latency time for application, with vulcanisation temperatures reduced to 50°C. This allows for rapid hand application and simultaneous vulcanisation on subsea trees, valves, manifolds, etc. The material is self-agglomerating, merging under gentle pressure, and can be applied at high thickness. As the base material has an intrinsically low thermal conductivity, glass-based fillers are not needed. The material adheres well to painted or primed surfaces and to many other materials typically used in the offshore thermal insulation industry. The 2-component material is conveniently combined on site, reducing the need for refrigeration during transport and easing mobilisation logistics and is applied using simple hand tools. Extruded profiles can be used directly on complex structures or combined into sheets for ease of application on more regular shapes in order to optimise application rates. Moulds are not required for application, reducing engineering and fabrication cost, while also shortening mobilisation time. The system has been extensively qualified according to ISO 12736 for continuous use at 180°C. This paper will detail important aspects of the development project along with the results of the qualification testing.