scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Driving a Vehicle with Timed-Out Inspection Certificate in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Martín-delosReyes ◽  
Virginia Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Mario Rivera-Izquierdo ◽  
José Pulido-Manzanero ◽  
Eladio Jiménez-Mejías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Inspection ◽  
On The Road

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of vehicles on the road with a timed-out vehicle inspection certificate (TOVIC) and the associations of driver, vehicle, and environmental factors with this infraction. A quasi-induced exposure approach was used in this cross-sectional study to analyze a case series comprising 51,305 drivers passively involved in clean collisions (only one infractor driver involved) between two or more vehicles registered in the Spanish National Register of Road Crashes with Victims from 2014 to 2017. The prevalence of TOVIC was estimated in the whole sample and in subgroups defined by the variables considered. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios for the association between TOVIC and each category of the variables. The prevalence of TOVIC was low, although significant differences were found for certain subcategories of drivers, vehicles, and environmental factors. Significant positive adjusted associations were found between TOVIC and license-related infractions, vans (compared to cars), vehicle age, and vehicle defects. Several vehicle-related factors potentially associated with a high risk of involvement in a crash were clearly related with TOVIC, which suggests the need for measures to control this non-negligible number of high-risk vehicles on the road.

scholarly journals Infrastructural and Human Factors Affecting Safety Outcomes of Cyclists

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Useche ◽  
Luis Montoro ◽  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Safety Outcomes

The increasing number of registered road crashes involving cyclists during the last decade and the high proportion of road crashes resulting in severe injuries and fatalities among cyclists constitutes a global issue for community health, urban development and sustainability. Nowadays, the incidence of many risk factors for road crashes of cyclists remains largely unexplained. Given the importance of this issue, the present study has been conducted with the aim of determining relationships between infrastructural, human factors and safety outcomes of cyclists. Objectives: This study aimed, first, to examine the relationship between key infrastructural and human factors present in cycling, bicycle-user characteristics and their self-reported experience with road crashes. And second, to determine whether a set of key infrastructural and human factors may predict their self-reported road crashes. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a total of 1064 cyclists (38.8% women, 61.2% men; M = 32.8 years of age) from 20 different countries across Europe, South America and North America, participated in an online survey composed of four sections: demographic data and cycling-related factors, human factors, perceptions on infrastructural factors and road crashes suffered. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between human factors, infrastructural conditions and self-reported road crashes. Also, a logistic regression model found that self-reported road crashes of cyclists could be predicted through variables such as age, riding intensity, risky behaviours and problematic user/infrastructure interactions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that self-reported road crashes of cyclists are influenced by features related to the user and their interaction with infrastructural characteristics of the road.

scholarly journals Are Your Eyes “on the Road”? Findings from the 2019 National Study on Vision and Driving Safety in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Lijarcio ◽  
Sergio A. Useche ◽  
Javier Llamazares ◽  
Luis Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Visual Health

Background: Vision is an undisputable contributor to the explanation of many human-factor related traffic crashes happening every day. The Inland Transport Committee (ITC), the United Nations regulatory platform, included on 1st April 2020 special action on the vision of road users inside the ITC Recommendations for Enhancing Road Safety Systems. The results of this wide-scale study on drivers’ vision health conducted in Spain perfectly illustrates the need of global action and its potential impact on the public health figures and the burden of potentially preventable traffic causalities. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess three key visual health issues (i.e., visual acuity, visual field campimetry and glare recovery) among Spanish drivers, in order to formulate implications and possible guidelines to enhance road safety. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the visual health of a representative sample of 3249 drivers (70% females and 30% males) with a mean age of 41 (SD = 13) years, gathered from all the 17 autonomous communities of Spain. Results: The tests performed allowed to determine that 15% of Spanish drivers have a poor photopic vision, while 38% of them present an inadequate mesopic vision. Further, 23% of drivers have deficiencies in peripheric visual field campimetry, and the average time for full-vision recovery after a 10-s glare was 27 s. Sex, age and driver type (professional vs. non-professional) differences were found for the study variables. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the idea that certain demographic-based population groups of drivers present several unaddressed deficiencies and impairments in visual health. Overall an estimated 29.5% of Spanish drivers present visual issues, that need to be attended in order to enhance the prevention of driving crashes and the road safety of all road users.

scholarly journals Factors contributing to road crashes among commercial vehicle drivers in the Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana in 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Samuel Poku ◽  
Delia Bandoh ◽  
Ernest Kenu ◽  
Emma Kploanyi ◽  
Adolphina Addo- Lartey
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road

Objective: The study assessed driver, vehicular and road-related factors associated with road crashes (RC) in the Kintampo North Municipality.Design: Cross-sectional studySetting: Kintampo North MunicipalityData source: Demographics, vehicular and road usage information on registered drivers at Ghana Private Road and Transport Union (GPRTU) and Progressive Transport Owners Association (PROTOA) in Kintampo North MunicipalityMain outcome: involvement in road crashes and related factorsResult: A total of 227 drivers were approached for this study. None of them declined participation. They were all males. Most were between 28-37 years (30%). The proportion of drivers that reported RC ever involvement in at least one RC was 55.5% (95% CI: 8.0%, 62.1%). In the bivariate analysis, drink and drive changed lane without signalling, ever bribed police officer, drove beyond the maximum speed limit, paid a bribe at DVLA for driving license, violation of traffic signals were found to be associated with RC involvement (p<0.05). Drivers who violated traffic signals had 2.84 odds of being involved in road crashes compared to those who did not [aOR; 2.84 (95%CI:1.06,7.63)]Conclusion: The proportion of drivers ever involved in road crashes was high. The major factor that is associated with RC involvement was a violation of the traffic light signals. Continuous driver education and enforcement of road traffic regulations by the appropriate authorities could curb the road crash menace in the Municipality.Keywords: commercial drivers, road crashes, vehicle, road signs, traffic light signalFunding: The authors funded this work.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Amount and Patterns of Car-Driving Exposure in Spain, 2014 to 2017: An Application of a Quasi-Induced Exposure Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13255
Author(s):  
José Mateos-Granados ◽  
Luis Miguel Martín-delosReyes ◽  
Mario Rivera-Izquierdo ◽  
Eladio Jiménez-Mejías ◽  
Virginia Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Driving License ◽  
Risk Environments ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Car Driving

We designed a cross-sectional study in Spain, from 2014 to 2017. Our objective was to assess sex-related differences in the amount of driving exposure of car drivers, overall and stratified by the main environment-related driving conditions. We compared the sex distribution across three populations: (1) total number of person-years aged > 18 years; (2) total number of person-years aged > 18 years holding a valid car-driving license; and (3) total number of non-responsible car drivers involved in crashes with another offending driver, stratified by different environmental variables. The quasi-induced exposure approach was applied: the non-responsible drivers were considered as representative of the entire population of drivers on the road at the place and time at which the crash occurred. We calculated the female-to-male odds ratio (OR) by comparing population 2 versus 1, and population 3 versus 2. Finally, we performed separate regression models in population 3 for each environment-related variable as the dependent variable and driver’s age and sex as the independent variables. The female-to-male OR for the first comparison was 1.12, but values below 1 were found for extreme age groups. In the second comparison, an OR of 0.50 (0.49–0.51) was found, with progressively lower OR values as age increased. In population 3, women were found to drive less than men in environments known to be high risk (i.e., open roads, night-time, poor light conditions, and weekends). A significant gender gap exists in the amount and type of driving exposure. Although women obtain a driving license more frequently than men, they drive much less and tend to avoid high-risk environments. These results emphasize the need to incorporate a gender perspective in the development and implementation of road safety interventions.

scholarly journals Infrastructural and Human Factors affecting Safety Outcomes of Cyclists

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Useche ◽  
Luis Montoro ◽  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Safety Outcomes

The increasing number of registered road crashes involving cyclists during the last decade, and the high proportion of road crashes resulting in severe injuries and fatalities among cyclists constitutes a global issue for community health, urban development, and sustainability. Nowadays, the incidence of many risk factors for road crashes of cyclists remains largely unexplained. Given the importance of this issue, the present study has been conducted with the aim of determining relationships between infrastructural, human factors and safety outcomes of cyclists. Objectives: This study aimed, first, to examine the relationship between key infrastructural and human factors present in cycling, bicycle-user characteristics, and their self-reported experience with road crashes. And second, to determine whether a set of key infrastructural and human factors may predict their self-reported road crashes. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a total of 1064 cyclists (38.8% women, 61.2% men; M = 32.8 years of age) from 20 different countries across Europe, South America and North America, participated in an online survey composed of four sections: demographic data and cycling-related factors, human factors, perceptions on infrastructural factors, and road crashes suffered. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between human factors, infrastructural conditions and self-reported road crashes. Also, a logistic regression model found that self-reported road crashes of cyclists could be predicted through variables such as age, riding intensity, risky behaviors, and problematic user/infrastructure interactions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that self-reported road crashes of cyclists are influenced by features related to the user and their interaction with infrastructural characteristics of the road.

Leading Machiavellians on the road to better organizational behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Imad Shah ◽  
Asad Shahjehan ◽  
Bilal Afsar
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

PurposeStudies highlighting negative behavioral influences of Machiavellians are plentiful; however, those prescribing their management are scarce. Machiavellians are intelligent, adaptable and resourceful people with negative, self-serving and unethical persona traits. Their abundance in organizations poses a challenge for managers in minimizing negative consequences of Machiavellian's manipulative behaviors and tap into their true potential. Leadership can play a crucial role in this regard. This purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of transformational leadership (TFL) versus transactional leadership (TSL) styles on the relationship between subordinates' Machiavellianism and their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). The aim was to highlight the style that better adept in managing high-Mach subordinates.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study used multiple surveys administered to 90 managers and their 269 subordinates from 56 organizations. Multiple regression was used for testing and hypothesize linear and supplementary nonlinear relationships between the study variables.FindingsAfter a detailed data analysis, authors posit that, as compared to TFL, the TSL style is better suited for managing Machiavellian subordinates.Practical implicationsBy employing transactional tactics, leaders can reign in the divergent behavior of Machiavellians, thus, transforming them into useful organizational assets.Originality/valueThis study expands on limited body of knowledge on managing Machiavellians. It advocates using TSL for improving the OCB of Machiavellians while countering their CWBs. Furthermore, this study contributes to transactional/transformational theories as it lends credence to the situational theory of leadership.

A cross sectional study on assessment of risk of diabetes mellitus using Indian diabetic risk score in a medical college teaching hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Singam Sivasankar Reddy ◽  
Syeda Rahath ◽  
Rakshitha H N ◽  
Godson K Lal ◽  
Swathy S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Related Quality

The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of diabetes mellitus in elderlywith age above 20 years in a hospital setting using Indian Diabetes risk score and to provide patient counselling regarding their life style modifications and health related quality of life among participants with high risk of developing diabetes.A total of 125 non diabetic patients were interviewed with a pre designed selfstructured questionnaire (IDRS). Participants were chosen voluntarily and a written consent was obtained before the administration of the questionnaire from individual patients. In our study we observed that out of 125 patients,males 26[59%]and 18[41%] females were at high risk, males 39[58.2%] and 28[41.8%] females were at moderate risk, males 5[35.7%] and 9[64.3%] females were at low risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

Influence of environmental factors on road traffic accidents: Hospital based cross sectional study at Tirupati

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Bayapa Reddy N. ◽  
Shakeer Kahn P. ◽  
Surendra Babu D. ◽  
Khadervali N. ◽  
Chandrasekhar C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

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