scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Three Non-Geostatistical Methods for Optimising Digital Elevation Model Interpolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serajis Salekin ◽  
Jack Burgess ◽  
Justin Morgenroth ◽  
Euan Mason ◽  
Dean Meason
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Dem Accuracy ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Gnss Data

It is common to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) from aerial laser scanning (ALS) data. However, cost and lack of knowledge may preclude its use. In contrast, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are seldom used to collect and generate DEMs. These receivers have the potential to be considered as data sources for DEM interpolation, as they can be inexpensive, easy to use, and mobile. The data interpolation method and spatial resolution from this method needs to be optimised to create accurate DEMs. Moreover, the density of GNSS data is likely to affect DEM accuracy. This study investigates three different deterministic approaches, in combination with spatial resolution and data thinning, to determine their combined effects on DEM accuracy. Digital elevation models were interpolated, with resolutions ranging from 0.5 m to 10 m using natural neighbour (NaN), topo to raster (ANUDEM), and inverse distance weighted (IDW) methods. The GNSS data were thinned by 25% (0.389 points m−2), 50% (0.259 points m−2), and 75% (0.129 points m−2) and resulting DEMs were contrast against a DEM interpolated from unthinned data (0.519 points m−2). Digital elevation model accuracy was measured by root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). It was found that the highest resolution, 0.5 m, produced the lowest errors in resulting DEMs (RMSE = 0.428 m, MAE = 0.274 m). The ANUDEM method yielded the greatest DEM accuracy from a quantitative perspective (RMSE = 0.305 m and MAE = 0.197 m); however, NaN produced a more visually appealing surface. In all the assessments, IDW showed the lowest accuracy. Thinning the input data by 25% and even 50% had relatively little impact on DEM quality; however, accuracy decreased markedly at 75% thinning (0.129 points m−2). This study showed that, in a time where ALS is commonly used to generate DEMs, GNSS-surveyed data can be used to create accurate DEMs. This study confirmed the need for optimization to choose the appropriate interpolation method and spatial resolution in order to produce a reliable DEM.

scholarly journals EVALUATION DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL GENERATED BY SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
H. B. Makineci ◽  
H. Karabörk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Digital elevation model, showing the physical and topographical situation of the earth, is defined a tree-dimensional digital model obtained from the elevation of the surface by using of selected an appropriate interpolation method. DEMs are used in many areas such as management of natural resources, engineering and infrastructure projects, disaster and risk analysis, archaeology, security, aviation, forestry, energy, topographic mapping, landslide and flood analysis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Digital elevation models, which are the fundamental components of cartography, is calculated by many methods. Digital elevation models can be obtained terrestrial methods or data obtained by digitization of maps by processing the digital platform in general. Today, Digital elevation model data is generated by the processing of stereo optical satellite images, radar images (radargrammetry, interferometry) and lidar data using remote sensing and photogrammetric techniques with the help of improving technology. <br><br> One of the fundamental components of remote sensing radar technology is very advanced nowadays. In response to this progress it began to be used more frequently in various fields. Determining the shape of topography and creating digital elevation model comes the beginning topics of these areas. <br><br> It is aimed in this work , the differences of evaluation of quality between Sentinel-1A SAR image ,which is sent by European Space Agency ESA and Interferometry Wide Swath imaging mode and C band type , and DTED-2 (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) and application between them. The application includes RMS static method for detecting precision of data. Results show us to variance of points make a high decrease from mountain area to plane area.

scholarly journals EVALUATION DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL GENERATED BY SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
H. B. Makineci ◽  
H. Karabörk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Digital elevation model, showing the physical and topographical situation of the earth, is defined a tree-dimensional digital model obtained from the elevation of the surface by using of selected an appropriate interpolation method. DEMs are used in many areas such as management of natural resources, engineering and infrastructure projects, disaster and risk analysis, archaeology, security, aviation, forestry, energy, topographic mapping, landslide and flood analysis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Digital elevation models, which are the fundamental components of cartography, is calculated by many methods. Digital elevation models can be obtained terrestrial methods or data obtained by digitization of maps by processing the digital platform in general. Today, Digital elevation model data is generated by the processing of stereo optical satellite images, radar images (radargrammetry, interferometry) and lidar data using remote sensing and photogrammetric techniques with the help of improving technology. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; One of the fundamental components of remote sensing radar technology is very advanced nowadays. In response to this progress it began to be used more frequently in various fields. Determining the shape of topography and creating digital elevation model comes the beginning topics of these areas. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; It is aimed in this work , the differences of evaluation of quality between Sentinel-1A SAR image ,which is sent by European Space Agency ESA and Interferometry Wide Swath imaging mode and C band type , and DTED-2 (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) and application between them. The application includes RMS static method for detecting precision of data. Results show us to variance of points make a high decrease from mountain area to plane area.

scholarly journals Accuracy Assessment of Open Source Digital Elevation Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Aqeel Abboud Abdul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Elevation Model

Digital Elevation Model is a three-dimensional representation of the earth's surface, which is essential for Geoscience and hydrological implementations. DEM can be created utilizing Photogrammetry techniques, radar interferometry, laser scanning and land surveying. There are some world agencies provide open source digital elevation models which are freely available for all users, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) and others. ALOS, SRTM and ASTER are satellite based DEMs which are open source products. The technologies that are used for obtaining raw data and the methods used for its processing and on the other hand the characteristics of natural land and land cover type, these and other factors are the cause of implied errors produced in the digital elevation model which can't be avoided. In this paper, ground control points observed by the differential global positioning system DGPS were used to compare the validation and performance of different satellite based digital elevation models. For validation, standard statistical tests were applied such as Mean Error (ME) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) which showed ALOS DEM had ME and RMSE are -1.262m and 1.988m, while SRTM DEM had ME of -0.782m with RMSE of 2.276m and ASTER DEM had 4.437m and 6.241m, respectively. These outcomes can be very helpful for analysts utilizing such models in different areas of work.

Influence of DEM spatial resolution on the susceptibility mapping with SHALSTAB in the Rio Garcia hydrographic basin, municipality of Blumenau/SC / Influência de la resolución espacial del MDE en la cartografía de susceptibilidad con SHALSTAB en la cuenca hidrográfica del Río García, municipio de Blumenau/SC

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1475-1491
Author(s):  
Gisele Marilha Pereira Reginatto ◽  
Regiane Mara Sbroglia ◽  
Camilo Andrade Carreño ◽  
Bianca Rodrigues Schvartz ◽  
Pâmela Betiatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Stability Model ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Del Rio

In translational landslide susceptibility analysis with SHALSTAB (Shallow Landsliding Stability Model), the resolution of the digital elevation model (DSM) is determinant for defining the type of mapping generated (preliminary or not). In this study, in order to verify the influence of the SDM scale on the SHALSTAB stability classes, susceptibility maps were prepared at two scales: 1:50,000 and 1:10,000. The study area was the Garcia River watershed, belonging to the municipality of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, affected by landslides in the 2008 catastrophe, which enabled the validation of the simulations with the scars mapped in the field. Thus, the influence of scale on the distribution of the model's stability classes and on its performance was verified. SHALSTAB performed better at the 1:10,000 scale, predicting 70% of the instabilities in a percentage of unstable area approximately three times smaller than at the 1,50,000 scale.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF TERRAIN RELIEF ROUGHNESS ON DEM ACCURACY GENERATED FROM LIDAR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC TERRITORY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hubacek ◽  
V. Kovarik ◽  
V. Kratochvil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Check Points ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Dem Accuracy ◽  
Elevation Model

Digital elevation models are today a common part of geographic information systems and derived applications. The way of their creation is varied. It depends on the extent of area, required accuracy, delivery time, financial resources and technologies available. The first model covering the whole territory of the Czech Republic was created already in the early 1980's. Currently, the 5th DEM generation is being finished. Data collection for this model was realized using the airborne laser scanning which allowed creating the DEM of a new generation having the precision up to a decimetre. Model of such a precision expands the possibilities of employing the DEM and it also offers new opportunities for the use of elevation data especially in a domain of modelling the phenomena dependent on highly accurate data. The examples are precise modelling of hydrological phenomena, studying micro-relief objects, modelling the vehicle movement, detecting and describing historical changes of a landscape, designing constructions etc. <br><br> Due to a nature of the technology used for collecting data and generating DEM, it is assumed that the resulting model achieves lower accuracy in areas covered by vegetation and in built-up areas. Therefore the verification of model accuracy was carried out in five selected areas in Moravia. The network of check points was established using a total station in each area. To determine the reference heights of check points, the known geodetic points whose heights were defined using levelling were used. Up to several thousands of points were surveyed in each area. Individual points were selected according to a different configuration of relief, different surface types, and different vegetation coverage. The sets of deviations were obtained by comparing the DEM 5G heights with reference heights which was followed by verification of tested elevation model. Results of the analysis showed that the model reaches generally higher precision than the declared one in majority of areas. This applies in particular to areas covered by vegetation. By contrast, the larger deviations occurred in relation to the slope of the terrain, in particular in the micro-relief objects. The results are presented in this article.

scholarly journals Compartimentação dos elementos do relevo da bacia hidrográfica do arroio Pantanoso – Canguçu/RS, através da proposta dos geomorphons

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Danilo Da Silva Dutra ◽  
André Ricardo Furlan ◽  
Luís Eduardo De Souza Robaina
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Relief Elements ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Elevation Model

O relevo é a base onde todas as populações vivem e desenvolvem suas atividades, derivando dessa relação vantagens e desvantagens, daí a importância de conhecê-lo através do estudo de suas diferentes formas e elementos. Nesse contexto insere-se a importância de metodologias para o seu estudo, sendo que atualmente vivencia-se a expressividade de dados disponíveis para aplicação de geoprocessamento. A partir das geotecnologias pode-se empreender diversas análises sobre o relevo, destacando-se nesse contexto, a proposta dos geomorphons a qual foi aplicada na bacia hidrográfica do arroio Pantanoso. O objetivo da pesquisa é a identificação e análise dos elementos do relevo definido por geomorphons, quais sejam: 1) Planos, 2) Picos, 3) Cristas, 4) Ressaltos, 5) Crista secundária, 6) Encostas, 7) Escavado, 8) Base de encosta, 9) Vales e 10) Fosso. A determinação dos geomorphons foi a partir do processamento em ambiente SIG do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) do Shuttle Radar Topograph Mission (SRTM) com resolução espacial 3 arcsec (90 metros), “L” Lookup (distância em metros) definiu-se como de 20 pixels (1800 metros) e o “T” Theresholdt (nivelamento em graus) definiu-se em 2º. Para visualização do comportamento dos elementos do relevo na área de estudo realizaram-se trabalhos de campo, o que contribuiu para evidenciar a padronização desses elementos. Os quatro elementos geomorphons mais representativos são encostas, vales, cristas e planos. Subdivision of relief elements through the proposal of geomorphons: river basin of arroio Pantanoso - Canguçu/RS A B S T R A C TRelief is the basis where all populations live and develop their activities, deriving from this relation advantages and disadvantages, hence the importance of knowing it through the study of its different forms and elements. In this context, the importance of methodologies for its study is inserted and geoprocessing application for data available for is currently experienced. From the geotechnologies one can undertake several analyzes on the relief, highlighting in this context, the proposal of the geomorphons which was applied in Pantanoso stream basin. The objective of the research is to identify and analyze the elements of the relief defined by geomorphons, namely: 1) Flats, 2) Peaks, 3) Ridges, 4) Shoulders, 5) Spurs, 6)Slopes, 7) Hollows, 8) Footslope, 9) Valley and 10) Pits. The determination of the geomorphons was based on the GIS environment of the Shuttle Radar Topograph Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with spatial resolution 3 arcsec (90 meters), "L" Lookup (distance in meters) was defined as of 20 pixels (1800 meters) and the "T" Theresholdt (leveling in degrees) was defined in 2º. In order to visualize the behavior of the relief elements in the study area, fieldwork was carried out, which contributed to the standardization of these elements. The four most representative geomorphons, which are: Slopes, Valleys, Ridges and Flat.Keywords: SIG, Geomorphons; Canguçu/RS; relief

scholarly journals Hydrologic analysis of a flood based on a new Digital Elevation Model

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W4 ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nishio ◽  
M. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Hydrologic Analysis ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Typhoon Season ◽  
Elevation Model

These The present study aims to simulate the hydrologic processes of a flood, based on a new, highly accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The DEM is provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan, and has a spatial resolution of five meters. It was generated by the new National Project in 2012. The Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is used to simulate the hydrologic process of a flood of the Onga River in Iizuka City, Japan. A large flood event in the typhoon season in 2003 caused serious damage around the Iizuka City area. Precise records of rainfall data from the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) were input into the HEC-HMS. The estimated flood area of the simulation results by HEC-HMS was identical to the observed flood area. A watershed aggregation map is also generated by HEC-HMS around the Onga River.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model for Coastal Geomorphological Studies in Patagonia (South Argentina)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pasquetti ◽  
Monica Bini ◽  
Andrea Ciampalini
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Vertical Error ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
Elevation Model

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of TanDEM-X DEM (digital elevation model) for remote geomorphological analysis in Argentinian Patagonia. The use of a DEM with appropriate resolution and coverage might be very helpful and advantageous in vast and hardly accessible areas. TanDEM-X DEM could represent an unprecedented opportunity to identify geomorphological features because of its global coverage, ~12 m spatial resolution and low cost. In this regard, we assessed the vertical accuracy of TanDEM-X DEM through comparison with Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) datasets collected in two areas of the Patagonia Region during a field survey; we then investigated different types of landforms by creating the elevation profiles. The comparison indicates a high agreement between TanDEM-X DEM and reference values, with a mean absolute vertical error (MAE) of 0.53 m, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.73 m. The results of landform analysis show an appropriate spatial resolution to detect different features such as beach ridges, which are impossible to delineate with other lower resolution DEMs. For these reasons, TanDEM-X DEM constitutes a useful tool for detailed geomorphological analyses in Argentinian Patagonia.

scholarly journals Impact of Spatial Resolution of Digital Elevation Model on Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A case Study in Kullu Valley, Himalayas

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sansar Raj ◽  
Thimmaiah
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Kullu Valley ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Impact

Landslides are one of the most damaging geological hazards in mountainous regions such as the Himalayas. The Himalayan region is, tectonically, the most active region in the world that is highly vulnerable to landslides and associated hazards. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is a useful tool for understanding the probability of the spatial distribution of future landslide regions. In this research, the landslide inventory datasets were collected during the field study of the Kullu valley in July 2018, and 149 landslide locations were collected as global positioning system (GPS) points. The present study evaluates the LSM using three different spatial resolution of the digital elevation model (DEM) derived from three different sources. The data-driven traditional frequency ratio (FR) model was used for this study. The FR model was used for this research to assess the impact of the different spatial resolution of DEMs on the LSM. DEM data was derived from Advanced Land Observing Satellite-1 (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) ALOS-PALSAR for 12.5 m, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global for 30 m, and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) for 90 m. As an input, we used eight landslide conditioning factors based on the study area and topographic features of the Kullu valley in the Himalayas. The ASTER-Global 30m DEM showed higher accuracy of 0.910 compared to 0.839 for 12.5 m and 0.824 for 90 m DEM resolution. This study shows that that 30 m resolution is better suited for LSM for the Kullu valley region in the Himalayas. The LSM can be used for mitigation and future planning for spatial planners and developmental authorities in the region.

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