scholarly journals I’ve Gut A Feeling: Microbiota Impacting the Conceptual and Experimental Perspectives of Personalized Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo Amedei ◽  
Federico Boem
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Change Of Perspective ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Complex Relationships

In recent years, the human microbiota has gained increasing relevance both in research and clinical fields. Increasing studies seem to suggest the centrality of the microbiota and its composition both in the development and maintenance of what we call “health” and in generating and/or favoring (those cases in which the microbiota’s complex relational architecture is dysregulated) the onset of pathological conditions. The complex relationships between the microbiota and human beings, which invest core notions of biomedicine such as “health” and “individual,” do concern not only problems of an empirical nature but seem to require the need to adopt new concepts and new perspectives in order to be properly analysed and utilized, especially for their therapeutic implementation. In this contribution we report and discuss some of the theoretical proposals and innovations (from the ecological component to the notion of polygenomic organism) aimed at producing this change of perspective. In conclusion, we summarily analyze what impact and what new challenges these new approaches might have on personalized/person centred/precision medicine.

scholarly journals State of the art olfactometers. Different types

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Very High ◽  
Human Olfaction

The complexity of human olfaction is very high and the importance of being able to measure it directly, objectively and qualitatively has led experts to search for mechanisms that can be applied. Human beings use this sense, which is one of the oldest, to recognize danger and distinguish between pleasant and unpleasant odors. Smells are mixtures of molecules that, at different concentrations in the inhaled air, stimulate the olfactory area and are recognized at the brain level. Therefore, there is a coding and decoding system. Human olfactometer techniques use equipment designed to be able to measure its intensity and quality of volatile substances. If we are able to measure this sense, we will be able to know its variations and be able to make clinical diagnoses in normal and pathological conditions and diagnose the losses that occur in certain infectious, degenerative diseases, traumatic processes and other variants. For many years, systems have been developed that can measure subjective olfaction in humans, as well as objective forms, but it is also true that there is no equipment available that is fast, simple handling and that can be applied in daily clinical services. Aim of the Study Present the recent achievements in olfactometer technology; Elaborate the scientific articles about olfactometry published mainly in the last 10 years; To gather the information published in the last years in relation to the usefulness, existence in the market and purposes of equipment that can measure the odors, what we will call the Smell-o-meter or olfactometer for human use. Material and Methods: In the first part of this research we will gather most of the information existing so far in international bibliography, as well as the achievements and utilities obtained to date. Following, we will analyze all the new concepts related to smell-o-meters devices that exist on the market and assess the possibility, based on what has been done so far, to seek new practical systems for application in the medical field.

scholarly journals Early Biomarkers of Periodontitis: New Challenges for a Personalized Medicine Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Gaetano Isola
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Early Biomarkers ◽  
New Challenges

Recently, the concept of precision medicine has attracted attention [...]

Trailblazing Precision Medicine in Europe: a joint view by Genomic Medicine Sweden and the Centers for Personalized Medicine, ZPM, in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albrecht Stenzinger ◽  
Anders Edsjö ◽  
Carolin Ploeger ◽  
Mikaela Friedman ◽  
Stefan Fröhling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Genomic Medicine

scholarly journals Personalized Medicine: Recent Progress in Cancer Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Ann Hoeben ◽  
Elbert A. J. Joosten ◽  
Marieke H. J. van den Beuken-van Everdingen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Personalized medicine (PM) or precision medicine in oncology is an emerging approach for tumor treatment and prevention that takes into account inter- and intra-tumor variability in genes, tumor (immune) environment, and lifestyle and morbidities of each person diagnosed with cancer [...]

Engineering Education: New Challenges, New Approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Viegas ◽  
Natércia Lima ◽  
M.Isabel Pozzo
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
New Challenges

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PAROTITIS (MUMPS)

1916 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Wollstein
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Active Material ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Small Series

Cats injected into the parotid gland and testicle with a bacterial sterile filtrate of the salivary secretion of children in the active stage of parotitis or mumps can be made to develop a pathological condition having several points of resemblance to the condition present in mumps in human beings. After an incubation stage of from five to eight days definite changes have been noted in the temperature, blood leukocytes, and inoculated organs. The temperature rise begins within twenty-four hours of the inoculations and reaches a maximum in from seven to fourteen days. The febrile rise fluctuates between 1° and 2.5° C. The white blood cells begin to increase on the second day following the inoculation. The first change is a polymorphonuclear leukocytosis which precedes the glandular swellings. This initial rise is followed by a decline, after which the lymphocytes increase. The increase is confined to the small lymphocytes, which increase to from 7 to 10 per cent of their initial number. The inoculated glands become swollen and tender. The swelling and tenderness become apparent from the fifth to the ninth days and persist for a variable period. The parotid changes are less constant or less obvious than are the testicular. The latter are constant and endure from eight to twelve days. The rise of temperature and the leukocytosis precede the glandular swelling, but all the changes reach the maximum at about the same time, after which they decline gradually. What may be regarded as normal conditions are reestablished in four weeks or less. The intraparotid and intratesticular injections of extracts of normal parotid gland and testicles may cause a mild rise of temperature and leukocytosis of brief duration, but swelling and tenderness are absent. The white cells increased are the polymorphonuclears and not the lymphocytes. The intraparotid and intratesticular injections of filtrates of normal saliva may cause a mild rise of temperature of very brief duration, but leukocytosis, swelling, and tenderness do not appear. The histological changes in the parotid gland when present consist chiefly of edema of the interlobular connective tissue with mononuclear interstitial infiltration about the ducts and elsewhere. In cases of long duration the ducts may be dilated. But in some instances the swollen gland while showing congestion and edema in gross showed inconspicuous changes under the microscope. The histological changes in the testicle are of two kinds: inconstant changes of cellular invasion between the tubules and swelling or even multiplication of the interstitial cells, constant ones consisting of degeneration of the epithelium and interference with spermatogenesis, a condition to which we have applied the term "spermatorrhexis." The pathological conditions set up by the filtrate derived from the salivary secretion of cases of acute parotitis are intensified by successive transfers through a small series of cats of the extract and emulsion of the parotid gland and testicle previously inoculated. The pathological changes are also prevented or reduced when the extract or emulsion is previously incubated with a quantity of blood serum obtained from a cat which has survived inoculation. Normal serum, on the other hand, has no such inhibiting effect. The deduction from these experiments is to the effect that the salivary secretion in parotitis or mumps contains a filterable substance capable of setting up a series of definite pathological conditions when inoculated into the testicle and parotid glands of cats. Whether this active material is a microorganism and if so whether it is the specific microbic cause of parotitis or mumps remains to be ascertained.

scholarly journals Recognizing the trafficking in human beings victimization

Temida ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Simeunovic-Patic
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Relative Prevalence

In spite of relative prevalence of trafficking in human beings issues in the expert and general public discourse in recent years, recognition of victimization by various specialists that may come across with victims still is being estimated as unsatisfactory. Stereotypes about victims of trafficking in human beings are just one factor that imperils correct and prompt recognition of victims, i.e. victims' identification, as principal prerequisite of their protection and support. Today, there are various efforts to overcome that problem - primarily through the training of professionals and creating the identification guidelines, i.e. lists of indicators of trafficking in human beings victimization; however, these resolves only one part of the problem and reveal some new challenges at the same time.

scholarly journals How and Why Armed Groups Participate in Elections

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aila M. Matanock ◽  
Paul Staniland
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Electoral Strategies ◽  
Develop Theory ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Complex Relationships

Armed actors are often involved in electoral politics, from the fusing of ballots and bullets in armed political parties to insurgents covertly backing politicians. We develop new concepts and theory to better understand these complex relationships between violent actors and democratic practice. We first offer a novel conceptualization of armed groups’ electoral strategies that systematically maps out variation in the organizational directness and public openness of groups’ involvement in elections. We then use comparative case studies to develop theory about the conditions under which each of these electoral strategies is most likely, and what can trigger changes between them. The interaction of armed groups’ power and expectations of popular support with governments’ policies of toleration or repression determines the strategies of electoral participation that groups pursue. These concepts and arguments lay the foundation for a systematic research agenda on when and how “normal” and armed politics become intertwined.

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