scholarly journals Animal Models for Parkinson’s Disease Research: Trends in the 2000s

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyohei Kin ◽  
Takao Yasuhara ◽  
Masahiro Kameda ◽  
Isao Date
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Transgenic Technology ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
New Treatments

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Although many studies have been conducted, there is an unmet clinical need to develop new treatments because, currently, only symptomatic therapies are available. To achieve this goal, clarification of the pathology is required. Attempts have been made to emulate human PD and various animal models have been developed over the decades. Neurotoxin models have been commonly used for PD research. Recently, advances in transgenic technology have enabled the development of genetic models that help to identify new approaches in PD research. However, PD animal model trends have not been investigated. Revealing the trends for PD research will be valuable for increasing our understanding of the positive and negative aspects of each model. In this article, we clarified the trends for animal models that were used to research PD in the 2000s, and we discussed each model based on these trends.

scholarly journals Limitations of Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Potashkin ◽  
S. R. Blume ◽  
N. K. Runkle
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
New Treatments

Most cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) are sporadic. When choosing an animal model for idiopathic PD, one must consider the extent of similarity or divergence between the physiology, anatomy, behavior, and regulation of gene expression between humans and the animal. Rodents and nonhuman primates are used most frequently in PD research because when a Parkinsonian state is induced, they mimic many aspects of idiopathic PD. These models have been useful in our understanding of the etiology of the disease and provide a means for testing new treatments. However, the current animal models often fall short in replicating the true pathophysiology occurring in idiopathic PD, and thus results from animal models often do not translate to the clinic. In this paper we will explain the limitations of animal models of PD and why their use is inappropriate for the study of some aspects of PD.

scholarly journals Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease: Are They Useful or Not?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Barker ◽  
Anders Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Disease Research

The use of animal models in Parkinson’s disease research has been controversial in terms of how well they relate to the clinical condition and thus their utility for translating therapies from the lab to the clinic. In this article, two researchers debate this issue with Roger Barker taking the view that such models are not useful and may even be misleading, while Anders Björklund defends their use and highlights their value in better understanding and treating this condition.

Application of the movement disorder society prodromal Parkinson's disease research criteria in 2 independent prospective cohorts

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pilotto ◽  
Sebastian Heinzel ◽  
Ulrike Suenkel ◽  
Stefanie Lerche ◽  
Kathrin Brockmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
Research Criteria ◽  
Movement Disorder Society

scholarly journals Cardiac and Autonomic Dysfunctions Assessed Through Recurrence Quantitative Analysis of Electrocardiogram Signals and an Application to the 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson’s Disease Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Shinoda ◽  
Laís Damasceno ◽  
Leandro Freitas ◽  
Ruy Campos ◽  
Sergio Cravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Electrocardiogram Signals ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

A classic method to evaluate autonomic dysfunction is through the evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV provides a series of coefficients, such as Standard Deviation of n-n intervals (SDNN) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), which have well-established physiological associations. However, using only electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, it is difficult to identify proper autonomic activity, and the standard techniques are not sensitive and robust enough to distinguish pure autonomic modulation in heart dynamics from cardiac dysfunctions. In this proof-of-concept study we propose the use of Poincaré mapping and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) to identify and characterize stochasticity and chaoticity dynamics in ECG recordings. By applying these non-linear techniques in the ECG signals recorded from a set of Parkinson’s disease (PD) animal model 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), we showed that they present less variability in long time epochs and more stochasticity in short-time epochs, in their autonomic dynamics, when compared with those of the sham group. These results suggest that PD animal models present more “rigid heart rate” associated with “trembling ECG” and bradycardia, which are direct expressions of Parkinsonian symptoms. We also compared the RQA factors calculated from the ECG of animal models using four computational ECG signals under different noise and autonomic modulatory conditions, emulating the main ECG features of atrial fibrillation and QT-long syndrome.

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