scholarly journals Love at First Taste: Induction of Larval Settlement by Marine Microbes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Dobretsov ◽  
Daniel Rittschof
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Marine Biofilms ◽  
Settlement And Metamorphosis ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Marine biofilms are composed of many species of bacteria, unicellular algae, and protozoa. Biofilms can induce, inhibit, or have no effect on settlement of larvae and spores of algae. In this review, we focus on induction of larval settlement by marine bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and review publications from 2010 to September 2019. This review provides insights from meta-analysis on what is known about the effect of marine biofilms on larval settlement. Of great interest is the impact of different components of marine biofilms, such as bacteria and diatoms, extracellular polymeric substances, quorum sensing signals, unique inductive compounds, exoenzymes, and structural protein degradation products on larval settlement and metamorphosis. Molecular aspects of larval settlement and impact of climate change are reviewed and, finally, potential areas of future investigations are provided.

scholarly journals The Flagellar Gene Regulates Biofilm Formation and Mussel Larval Settlement and Metamorphosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Xiu-Kun Zhang ◽  
Li-Hua Peng ◽  
You-Ting Zhu ◽  
Asami Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Synthetic Protein ◽  
Settlement And Metamorphosis ◽  
Flagellar Proteins ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
Critical Components

Biofilms are critical components of most marine systems and provide biochemical cues that can significantly impact overall community composition. Although progress has been made in the bacteria–animal interaction, the molecular basis of modulation of settlement and metamorphosis in most marine animals by bacteria is poorly understood. Here, Pseudoalteromonas marina showing inducing activity on mussel settlement and metamorphosis was chosen as a model to clarify the mechanism that regulates the bacteria–mussel interaction. We constructed a flagellin synthetic protein gene fliP deletion mutant of P. marina and checked whether deficiency of fliP gene will impact inducing activity, motility, and extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. Furthermore, we examined the effect of flagellar proteins extracted from bacteria on larval settlement and metamorphosis. The deletion of the fliP gene caused the loss of the flagella structure and motility of the ΔfliP strain. Deficiency of the fliP gene promoted the biofilm formation and changed biofilm matrix by reducing β-polysaccharides and increasing extracellular proteins and finally reduced biofilm-inducing activities. Flagellar protein extract promoted mussel metamorphosis, and ΔfliP biofilms combined with additional flagellar proteins induced similar settlement and metamorphosis rate compared to that of the wild-type strain. These findings provide novel insight on the molecular interactions between bacteria and mussels.

The impact of weight loss on depression: A preliminary meta-analysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Blaine ◽  
Jennifer McElroy ◽  
Hilary Vidair
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Impact

On the Impact of Aptness, Conventionality and Familiarity on Metaphor Processing from a Meta-analytical Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-106
Author(s):  
Csilla Rákosi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Metaphor Processing ◽  
The Impact

Psycholinguistic research into metaphor processing is burdened with empirical problems as experiments provide diverging evidence on the impact of conventionality, familiarity and aptness, and with conceptual issues as the interpretation and operationalization of the three concepts mentioned, as well as the related predictions which can be drawn from theories of metaphor processing, are controversial in the literature. This paper uses tools of statistical meta-analysis in order to bring us closer to the solution of these problems and reveal future lines of research.

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