The impact of weight loss on depression: A preliminary meta-analysis

IntroductionThe effects of interventions targeting weight loss on physical health are well described, yet the evidence for mental health is less clear. It is essential to better understand the impact of weight management interventions on mental health to optimise care and minimise risk of harm. We will assess the effect of behavioural weight management interventions on mental health in adults with overweight and obesity.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance. We will include behavioural weight management interventions with a diet and/or physical activity component focusing on weight loss for adults with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs will be the only eligible study designs. Outcomes of interest will be related to mental health. The following databases were searched from inception to 07 May 2019: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane database (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, ASSIA, AMED and CINAHL. The search strategy was based on four concepts: (1) adults, defined as ≥18 years, with overweight/obesity, defined as BMI ≥25kg/m², (2) weight management interventions, (3) mental health outcomes and (4) study design. The search was restricted to English-language published papers, with no other restrictions applied. Two stage screening for eligibility will be completed by two independent reviewers, with two independent reviewers completing data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Data permitting, a random-effects meta-analysis of outcomes, subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be conducted. If not appropriate, narrative synthesis and ‘levels of evidence’ assessment will be completed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The completed systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, at conferences and contribute towards the lead author’s PhD thesis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019131659.

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SP5.1.4 A meta-analysis on the impact of bariatric surgery on lower urinary tract symptoms in men

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab361.114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽

Author(s):

Irena Stefanova ◽

Andrew Currie ◽

Richard Newton ◽

Lorraine Albon ◽

William Hawkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Weight Loss Surgery ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽

The Impact ◽

Lower Urinary

Abstract Background Obesity is a chronic disease with multisystem morbidity. There are multiple studies reporting the effect of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular and metabolic disease but only few examine its impact on lower urinary tract symptoms. This article aims to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis in order to determine the effects of bariatric surgery on lower urinary tract symptoms in male patients. Methods Medline, Embase, conference proceeding and reference lists were searched for studies reporting the quantative measurement of lower urinary tract symptoms score pre- and post-weight loss surgery. The primary outcome was International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) before and after bariatric surgery. Secondary outcomes were change in Body Mass Index (BMI) and Total Body Weight (TBW). Weighted mean differences (MD) were calculated for continuous outcomes. Results Seven studies were included in the analysis of 334 patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Mean study follow-up was between 3 and 36 months. There was a statistically significant improvement in the IPSS score following bariatric surgery (MD 2.82, 95% CI 0.96 to 4.69, p = 0.003). Bariatric surgery also resulted in statistically significant reduction of BMI and TBW. Conclusion Bariatric surgery produces a significant improvement on lower urinary tract symptoms in men with obesity. This may be due to improvement of insulin sensitivity, testosterone levels or lipid profile associated with weight loss. Further studies are necessary to investigate in detail the pathophysiological mechanisms through which lower urinary tract symptoms develop in obese patients, and their improvement following weight loss surgery.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in biologically healthy older adults

British Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.15277/bjd.2021.292 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

William D Strain ◽

Jonathan Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽

Receptor Agonists ◽

Central Registry ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

The Impact

Background: Unintentional weight loss is a hallmark of frailty and is associated with poor outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes. As such, the role of pharmacological therapies that facilitate weight loss – namely, sodium- glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists – remains uncertain in fitter older adults. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate these agents on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in older adults eligible for participation in cardiovascular outcome trials.Methods: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and CNKI from inception to 29 June 2020. A class-specific meta-analysis was conducted in older adults (>65 years at recruitment) and compared with the similar analysis in younger (<65 years) adults.Results: Of 761 unique studies identified, nine met the criteria for inclusion, five using GLP-1 receptor agonists and four with SGLT-2 inhibitors. GLP-1 receptor agonists in older adults were associated with a 15.3% (OR 0.847 (95% CI 0.788 to 0.910)) reduction in MACE events, similar to the 16% benefit seen in younger adults. The use of SGLT-2 inhibitors reduced MACE in older participants by 16.9% (OR 0.831 (95% CI 0.699 to 0.989)), numerically superior to the impact in younger patients (OR 0.936 (95% CI 0.787 to 1.113).Conclusions: GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors reduced MACE outcomes in older adults who were eligible to participate in clinical trials. Whereas this is reassuring for the biologically robust, it should not be extrapolated to frail older adults without further investigation.

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Use of Mobile Phone App Interventions to Promote Weight Loss: Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.17039 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Md.Mohaimenul Islam ◽

Tahmina Nasrin Poly ◽

Bruno Andres Walther ◽

Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mobile App ◽

Control Group ◽

Promote Weight Loss ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND Obesity and lack of physical activity are major health risk factors for many life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The use of mobile app interventions to promote weight loss and boost physical activity among children and adults is fascinating owing to the demand for cutting-edge and more efficient interventions. Previously published studies have examined different types of technology-based interventions and their impact on weight loss and increase in physical activity, but evidence regarding the impact of only a mobile phone app on weight loss and increase in physical activity is still lacking. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a mobile phone app intervention for reducing body weight and increasing physical activity among children and adults. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Web of Science electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2019, without language restrictions. Two experts independently screened all the titles and abstracts to find the most appropriate studies. To be included, studies had to be either a randomized controlled trial or a case-control study that assessed a mobile phone app intervention with body weight loss and physical activity outcomes. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to examine the risk of publication bias. RESULTS A total of 12 studies involving a mobile phone app intervention were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the use of a mobile phone app was associated with significant changes in body weight (−1.07 kg, 95% CI −1.92 to −0.21, P=.01) and body mass index (−0.45 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.78 to −0.12, P=.008). Moreover, a nonsignificant increase in physical activity was observed (0.17, 95% CI −2.21 to 2.55, P=.88). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrate the promising and emerging efficacy of using mobile phone app interventions for weight loss. Future studies are needed to explore the long-term efficacy of mobile app interventions in larger samples.

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The Impact of Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies on Diabetes and Weight Loss Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing Small Bowel and Gastric Devices

Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.soard.2018.09.250 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. S117

Author(s):

Violeta Popov ◽

Benjamin Noor ◽

Amy Ou ◽

Christopher C Thompson

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Small Bowel ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Weight Loss Outcomes ◽

The Impact

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Metabolic Impact of Intermittent Fasting in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Interventional Studies

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa926 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Borgundvaag ◽

Jessica Mak ◽

Caroline K Kramer

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Standard Diet ◽

The Impact

Abstract Context Intermittent fasting (IF) has been proposed as a weight-loss strategy with additional cardiometabolic benefits in individuals with obesity. Despite its growing popularity, the effect of IF in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the metabolic impact of IF compared to standard diet in patients with T2DM. Methods Embase, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov between 1950 and August 12, 2020 were searched for randomized, diet-controlled studies evaluating any IF intervention in adults with T2DM. We examined the impact of IF on weight loss and glucose-lowering by calculating pooled estimates of the absolute differences in body weight and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared to a control group using a random-effects model. Results Seven studies (n = 338 participants; mean body mass index [BMI] 35.65, mean baseline HbA1c 8.8%) met our inclusion criteria. IF induced a greater decrease in body weight by –1.89 kg (95% CI, –2.91 to –0.86 kg) compared to a regular diet, with no significant between-study heterogeneity (I2 21.0%, P = .28). The additional weight loss induced by IF was greater in studies with a heavier population (BMI > 36) (–3.43 kg [95% CI, –5.72 to –1.15 kg]) and in studies of shorter duration (≤ 4 months) (–3.73 kg [95% CI, –7.11 to –0.36 kg]). IF was not associated with further reduction in HbA1c compared to a standard diet (HbA1c –0.11% [95% CI, –0.38% to 0.17%]). Conclusion Current evidence suggests that IF is associated with greater weight loss in patients with T2DM compared with a standard diet, with a similar impact on glycemic control.

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Ultrafiltration is better than diuretic therapy for volume-overloaded acute heart failure patients: a meta-analysis

Heart Failure Reviews ◽

10.1007/s10741-020-10057-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bastian Wobbe ◽

Juliane Wagner ◽

Dorottya Kata Szabó ◽

Ildikó Rostás ◽

Nelli Farkas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diuretic Therapy ◽

Systematic Evaluation ◽

Effective Treatment Option ◽

Fluid Removal ◽

Heart Failure Patients ◽

The Impact

AbstractStudies on the effectiveness of ultrafiltration (UF) in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have led to heterogeneous study outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of UF therapy in ADHF patients. We searched the medical literature to identify well-designed studies comparing UF with the usual diuretic therapy in this setting. Systematic evaluation of 8 randomized controlled trials enrolling 801 participants showed greater fluid removal (difference in means 1372.5 mL, 95% CI 849.6 to 1895.4 mL; p < 0.001), weight loss (difference in means 1.592 kg, 95% CI 1.039 to 2.144 kg; p < 0.001) and lower incidences of worsening heart failure (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.94, p = 0.022) and rehospitalization for heart failure (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.82, p = 0.003) without a difference in renal impairment (OR 1.386, 95% CI 0.870 to 2.209; p = 0.169) or all-cause mortality (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.71, p = 0.546). UF increases fluid removal and weight loss and reduces rehospitalization and the risk of worsening heart failure in congestive patients, suggesting ultrafiltration as a safe and effective treatment option for volume-overloaded heart failure patients.

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