scholarly journals Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Bacterial Lung Infections in Solid Organ Recipients: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Carugati ◽  
Letizia Morlacchi ◽  
Anna Peri ◽  
Laura Alagna ◽  
Valeria Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Respiratory infections pose a significant threat to the success of solid organ transplantation, and the diagnosis and management of these infections are challenging. The current narrative review addressed some of these challenges, based on evidence from the literature published in the last 20 years. Specifically, we focused our attention on (i) the obstacles to an etiologic diagnosis of respiratory infections among solid organ transplant recipients, (ii) the management of bacterial respiratory infections in an era characterized by increased antimicrobial resistance, and (iii) the development of antimicrobial stewardship programs dedicated to solid organ transplant recipients.

scholarly journals Viral Enteritis in Solid-Organ Transplantation

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Anum Abbas ◽  
Andrea J. Zimmer ◽  
Diana Florescu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Viral Enteritis ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for infections due to chronic immunosuppression. Diarrhea is a commonly encountered problem post transplantation, with infectious causes of diarrhea being a frequent complication. Viral infections/enteritides in solid organ transplant recipients often result from frequently encountered pathogens in this population such as cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and norovirus. However, several emerging viral pathogens are increasingly being recognized as more sensitive diagnostic techniques become available. Treatment is often limited to supportive care and reduction in immunosuppression, though antiviral therapies mayplay a role in the treatment in certain diseases. Viral enteritis is an important entity that contributes to morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients.

Cutaneous infections by dematiaceous opportunistic fungi: Diagnosis and management in 11 solid organ transplant recipients

Mycoses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Ferrándiz-Pulido ◽  
M. Teresa Martin-Gomez ◽  
Trinidad Repiso ◽  
Cecilia Juárez-Dobjanschi ◽  
Berta Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

scholarly journals Infections in the solid-organ transplant recipients

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Manal El Said
Keyword(s):  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

The advancement in the field of transplant has led to the increasing number of solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). This success leads to novel confronts in communicable infections, which are compound by the emergence of newly contagious and antimicrobial drugs resistant microorganisms. The prevention of infections is a cornerstone of any modern solid organ transplantation program. Understanding the fundamentals of these infections with early detection is crucial for improving the outcomes of such patients and lowers the probable extra complications.  The probability of critical infections in SOTRs is established by relations between the patient’s epidemiological exposures and the net condition of immune repression. A timeline was formed to build up a discrepancy diagnosis of infection in SORTs. The improvement in screening, the investigations including imaging and molecular techniques and prophylactic intervention protocols, has made it promising to limit the penalty of infections and act towards better patient endurance. Pre-transplant screening of the prospective organ donor and recipient provides a chance to evaluate the viability and wellbeing of transplantation, to decide the prophylaxis and protective approaches developed post-transplant, to find out and entirely treat active infection in the possible recipient proceeding to transplant, to renovate the vaccination condition of the potential recipient.

Grouped Cases of Pulmonary Pneumocystosis After Solid Organ Transplantation: Advantages of Coordination by an Infectious Diseases Unit for Overall Management and Epidemiological Monitoring

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Wintenberger ◽  
Daniele Maubon ◽  
Elena Charpentier ◽  
John Rendu ◽  
Patricia Pavese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

OBJECTIVETo determine the origin of grouped cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia in solid-organ transplant recipients at our institution.DESIGNA case series with clinical examinations, genotyping, and an epidemiological survey.SETTINGA university hospital in France.PATIENTSWe report 12 solid-organ transplant recipients with successive cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia that occurred over 3 years; 10 of these cases occurred in a single year.METHODSWe used molecular typing of P. jirovecii strains by multilocus sequence typing and clinical epidemiological survey to determine potential dates and places of transmission.RESULTSBetween May 2014 and March 2015, 10 solid-organ transplant recipients (5 kidney transplants, 4 heart transplants, and 1 lung transplant) presented with Pneumocystis pneumonia. Molecular genotyping revealed the same P. jirovecii strain in at least 6 patients. This Pneumocystis strain was not identified in control patients (ie, nontransplant patients presenting with pulmonary pneumocystosis) during this period. The epidemiological survey guided by sequencing results provided information on the probable or possible dates and places of contamination for 5 of these patients. The mobile infectious diseases unit played a coordination role in the clinical management (adaptation of the local guidelines) and epidemiological survey.CONCLUSIONOur cardiac and kidney transplant units experienced grouped cases of pulmonary pneumocystosis. Genotyping and epidemiological surveying results suggested interhuman contamination, which was quickly eliminated thanks to multidisciplinary coordination.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:179–185

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