scholarly journals The Tumor Microenvironment of Primitive and Metastatic Breast Cancer: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Zarrilli ◽  
Gianluca Businello ◽  
Maria Vittoria Dieci ◽  
Silvia Paccagnella ◽  
Valentina Carraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Breast cancer evolves thanks to a dense and close interaction with the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Fibroblasts, leukocytes, blood and lymphatic endothelial cells and extracellular matrix are the constituents of this entity, and they synergistically play a pivotal role in all of the stages of breast cancer development, from its onset to its metastatic spread. Moreover, it has been widely demonstrated that variations to the TME can correspond to prognosis variations. Breast cancer not only modulates the transformation of the environment within the mammary gland, but the same process is observed in metastases as well. In this minireview, we describe the features of TME within the primitive breast cancer, throughout its evolution and spread into the main metastatic sites.

Novel Therapeutic Strategies of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-198
Author(s):  
Guifei Li ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
Shichao Yan ◽  
Shujun Fu ◽  
Xiyun Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 493-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Oualla ◽  
Heba M. El-Zawahry ◽  
Banu Arun ◽  
James M. Reuben ◽  
Wendy A. Woodward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Her2 Status ◽  
Biological Complexity ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer that is defined by negative estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Treating patients with TNBC remains clinically challenging, as patients are not candidates for endocrine or HER2-directed therapy. As a result, chemotherapy with traditional agents such as anthracyclines and taxanes remains the only available option with moderate success. Recent discoveries have revealed that TNBC is a heterogeneous disease at the clinical, histological and molecular levels. The use of biomarkers to identify distinct subsets of TNBC that derive the greatest benefit from presently approved as well as novel therapeutics has become the main focus of current research. The aim of this review is to explore the clinical and biological complexity of TNBC as well as identify novel therapeutic options that target the various molecular subsets of TNBC.

scholarly journals How Cells Communicate with Each Other in the Tumor Microenvironment: Suggestions to Design Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Roberto Zefferino ◽  
Claudia Piccoli ◽  
Sante Di Gioia ◽  
Nazzareno Capitanio ◽  
Massimo Conese
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Connexin- and pannexin (Panx)-formed hemichannels (HCs) and gap junctions (GJs) operate an interaction with the extracellular matrix and GJ intercellular communication (GJIC), and on account of this they are involved in cancer onset and progression towards invasiveness and metastatization. When we deal with cancer, it is not correct to omit the immune system, as well as neglecting its role in resisting or succumbing to formation and progression of incipient neoplasia until the formation of micrometastasis, nevertheless what really occurs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which are the main players and which are the tumor or body allies, is still unclear. The goal of this article is to discuss how the pivotal players act, which can enhance or contrast cancer progression during two important process: “Activating Invasion and Metastasis” and the “Avoiding Immune Destruction”, with a particular emphasis on the interplay among GJIC, Panx-HCs, and the purinergic system in the TME without disregarding the inflammasome and cytokines thereof derived. In particular, the complex and contrasting roles of Panx1/P2X7R signalosome in tumor facilitation and/or inhibition is discussed in regard to the early/late phases of the carcinogenesis. Finally, considering this complex interplay in the TME between cancer cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and focusing on their means of communication, we should be capable of revealing harmful messages that help the cancer growth and transform them in body allies, thus designing novel therapeutic strategies to fight cancer in a personalized manner.

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