scholarly journals Maternal Responses and Adaptive Changes to Environmental Stress via Chronic Nanomaterial Exposure: Differences in Inter and Transgenerational Interclonal Broods of Daphnia magna

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Laura-Jayne. A. Ellis ◽  
Stephen Kissane ◽  
Iseult Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Maternal Responses ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

There is increasing recognition that environmental nano-biological interactions in model species, and the resulting effects on progeny, are of paramount importance for nanomaterial (NM) risk assessment. In this work, Daphnia magna F0 mothers were exposed to a range of silver and titanium dioxide NMs. The key biological life history traits (survival, growth and reproduction) of the F1 intergenerations, at the first (F1B1), third (F1B3) and fifth (F1B5) broods, were investigated. Furthermore, the F1 germlines of each of the three broods were investigated over 3 more generations (up to 25 days each) in continuous or removed-from NM exposure, to identify how the length of maternal exposure affects the resulting clonal broods. Our results show how daphnids respond to NM-induced stress, and how the maternal effects show trade-offs between growth, reproduction and survivorship. The F1B1 (and following germline) had the shortest F0 maternal exposure times to the NMs, and thus were the most sensitive showing reduced size and reproductive output. The F1B3 generation had a sub-chronic maternal exposure, whereas the F1B5 generation suffered chronic maternal exposure where (in most cases) the most compensatory adaptive effects were displayed in response to the prolonged NM exposure, including enhanced neonate output and reduced gene expression. Transgenerational responses of multiple germlines showed a direct link with maternal exposure time to ‘sub-lethal’ effect concentrations of NMs (identified from standard OECDs acute toxicity tests which chronically presented as lethal) including increased survival and production of males in the F1B3 and G1B5 germlines. This information may help to fine-tune environmental risk assessments of NMs and prediction of their impacts on environmental ecology.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Methanol to Fish, Crustacean, Oligochaete Worm, and Aquatic Ecosystem

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kaviraj ◽  
F. Bhunia ◽  
N. C. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Branchiura Sowerbyi ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Static renewal bioassays were conducted in the laboratory and in outdoor artificial enclosures to evaluate toxic effects of methanol to one teleost fish and two aquatic invertebrates and to limnological variables of aquatic ecosystem. Ninety-six-hour acute toxicity tests revealed cladoceran crustacea Moina micrura as the most sensitive to methanol (LC50, 4.82 g/L), followed by freshwater teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (LC50, 15.32 g/L) and oligochaete worm Branchiura sowerbyi (LC50, 54.89 g/L). The fish, when exposed to lethal concentrations of methanol, showed difficulties in respiration and swimming. The oligochaete body wrinkled and fragmented under lethal exposure of methanol. Effects of five sublethal concentrations of methanol (0, 23.75, 47.49, 736.10, and 1527.60 mg/L) on the feeding rate of the fish and on its growth and reproduction were evaluated by separate bioassays. Ninety-six-hour bioassays in the laboratory showed significant reduction in the appetite of fish when exposed to 736.10 mg/L or higher concentrations of methanol. Chronic toxicity bioassays (90 days) in outdoor enclosures showed a reduction in growth, maturity index and fecundity of fish at 47.49 mg/L or higher concentrations of methanol. Primary productivity, phytoplankton population, and alkalinity of water were also reduced at these concentrations. Chronic exposure to 1527.60 mg/L methanol resulted in damages of the epithelium of primary and secondary gill lamellae of the fish. The results revealed 23.75 mg/L as the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of methanol to freshwater aquatic ecosystem.

scholarly journals Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Prothioconazole and its Metabolite Prothioconazole-Desthio To Daphnia Magna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Xuehua ◽  
Liu Xinju ◽  
Jiang Jinhua ◽  
Wang Feidi ◽  
Lv Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Prothioconazole (PTC) is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide. Current research has mainly focused on its efficacy and residues, with few studies on its toxicological effects. This study assessed the effects of PTC, and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio (PTCd), on the inhibition of activity, growth, and reproduction of Daphnia magna using acute and chronic toxicity tests. Additionally, the dose-response relationship was established to determine sensitive biological indicators. The acute toxicity test shows that the 48 h EC50 of PTC and PTCd to D. magna were 2.82 and 5.19 mg/L, respectively. The chronic toxicity of PTC and PTCd to D. magna were 0.00860 and 0.132 mg/L, respectively, with the parent compound being 15.3 times more toxic than its metabolite. The acute to chronic toxicity ratio (ACR) was calculated using chronic toxicity data, with ACR values of 227 and 27.5 for PTC and PTCd, respectively. These results indicate that both PTC and PTCd affect the growth and reproduction of D. magna, and the toxicity of the parent compound is greater than that of its metabolite. In conclusion, the metabolites of this pesticide have sufficient toxicity to harm D. magna at relevant environmental concentrations, and their environmental risk should not be neglected.

The precision of daphnid (Daphnia magna Straus, 1820) static acute toxicity tests

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Gersich ◽  
F. A. Blanchard ◽  
S. L. Applegath ◽  
C. N. Park
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

scholarly journals A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparecida Moreira ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Discovers Early-Response Metabolic Biomarkers that Can Predict Chronic Reproductive Fitness in Individual Daphnia magna

Metabolites ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Taylor ◽  
Alex Gavin ◽  
Mark Viant
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Chemical Risk Assessment ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Chemical risk assessment remains entrenched in chronic toxicity tests that set safety thresholds based on animal pathology or fitness. Chronic tests are resource expensive and lack mechanistic insight. Discovering a chemical’s mode-of-action can in principle provide predictive molecular biomarkers for a toxicity endpoint. Furthermore, since molecular perturbations precede pathology, early-response molecular biomarkers may enable shorter, more resource efficient testing that can predict chronic animal fitness. This study applied untargeted metabolomics to attempt to discover early-response metabolic biomarkers that can predict reproductive fitness of Daphnia magna, an internationally-recognized test species. First, we measured the reproductive toxicities of cadmium, 2,4-dinitrophenol and propranolol to individual Daphnia in 21-day OECD toxicity tests, then measured the metabolic profiles of these animals using mass spectrometry. Multivariate regression successfully discovered putative metabolic biomarkers that strongly predict reproductive impairment by each chemical, and for all chemicals combined. The non-chemical-specific metabolic biomarkers were then applied to metabolite data from Daphnia 24-h acute toxicity tests and correctly predicted that significant decreases in reproductive fitness would occur if these animals were exposed to cadmium, 2,4-dinitrophenol or propranolol for 21 days. While the applicability of these findings is limited to three chemicals, they provide proof-of-principle that early-response metabolic biomarkers of chronic animal fitness can be discovered for regulatory toxicity testing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document