Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Bone Healing: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications

In this article, we provide an extensive review of the recent literature of the signaling pathways modulated by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) and PEMFs clinical application. A review of the literature was performed on two medical electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) from 3 to 5 March 2021. Three authors performed the evaluation of the studies and the data extraction. All studies for this review were selected following these inclusion criteria: studies written in English, studies available in full text and studies published in peer-reviewed journal. Molecular biology, identifying cell membrane receptors and pathways involved in bone healing, and studying PEMFs target of action are giving a solid basis for clinical applications of PEMFs. However, further biology studies and clinical trials with clear and standardized parameters (intensity, frequency, dose, duration, type of coil) are required to clarify the precise dose–response relationship and to understand the real applications in clinical practice of PEMFs.

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields for Clinical Applications

10.1201/9781003001959 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic

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Bone Remodeling under Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields and Clinical Applications

Mechanics of Cellular Bone Remodeling ◽

10.1201/b13728-9 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 207-228

Keyword(s):

Bone Remodeling ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic

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Effectiveness of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Bone Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Bioelectromagnetics ◽

10.1002/bem.22271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 323-337

Author(s):

Lihong Peng ◽

Chenying Fu ◽

Feng Xiong ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

Zejun Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic

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Adenosine Receptors as a Biological Pathway for the Anti-Inflammatory and Beneficial Effects of Low Frequency Low Energy Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2017/2740963 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Katia Varani ◽

Fabrizio Vincenzi ◽

Annalisa Ravani ◽

Silvia Pasquini ◽

Stefania Merighi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Adenosine Receptors ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Low Energy ◽

Membrane Receptors ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic

Several studies explored the biological effects of low frequency low energy pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on human body reporting different functional changes. Much research activity has focused on the mechanisms of interaction between PEMFs and membrane receptors such as the involvement of adenosine receptors (ARs). In particular, PEMF exposure mediates a significant upregulation ofA2Aand A3ARs expressed in various cells or tissues involving a reduction in most of the proinflammatory cytokines. Of particular interest is the observation that PEMFs, acting as modulators of adenosine, are able to increase the functionality of the endogenous agonist. By reviewing the scientific literature on joint cells, a double role for PEMFs could be hypothesized in vitro by stimulating cell proliferation, colonization of the scaffold, and production of tissue matrix. Another effect could be obtained in vivo after surgical implantation of the construct by favoring the anabolic activities of the implanted cells and surrounding tissues and protecting the construct from the catabolic effects of the inflammatory status. Moreover, a protective involvement of PEMFs on hypoxia damage in neuron-like cells and an anti-inflammatory effect in microglial cells have suggested the hypothesis of a positive impact of this noninvasive biophysical stimulus.

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