scholarly journals 4-O-Glucosylation of Trichothecenes by Fusarium Species: A Phase II Xenobiotic Metabolism for t-Type Trichothecene Producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13542
Author(s):  
Kosuke Matsui ◽  
Hirone Takeda ◽  
Koki Shinkai ◽  
Takao Kakinuma ◽  
Yoshiaki Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
General Response

The t-type trichothecene producers Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum protect themselves against their own mycotoxins by acetylating the C-3 hydroxy group with Tri101p acetylase. To understand the mechanism by which they deal with exogenously added d-type trichothecenes, the Δtri5 mutants expressing all but the first trichothecene pathway enzymes were fed with trichodermol (TDmol), trichothecolone (TCC), 8-deoxytrichothecin, and trichothecin. LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses showed that these C-3 unoxygenated trichothecenes were conjugated with glucose at C-4 by α-glucosidic linkage. As t-type trichothecenes are readily incorporated into the biosynthetic pathway following the C-3 acetylation, the mycotoxins were fed to the ΔFgtri5ΔFgtri101 mutant to examine their fate. LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses demonstrated that the mutant conjugated glucose at C-4 of HT-2 toxin (HT-2) by α-glucosidic linkage, while the ΔFgtri5 mutant metabolized HT-2 to 3-acetyl HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin. The 4-O-glucosylation of exogenously added t-type trichothecenes appears to be a general response of the ΔFgtri5ΔFgtri101 mutant, as nivalenol and its acetylated derivatives appeared to be conjugated with hexose to some extent. The toxicities of 4-O-glucosides of TDmol, TCC, and HT-2 were much weaker than their corresponding aglycons, suggesting that 4-O-glucosylation serves as a phase II xenobiotic metabolism for t-type trichothecene producers.

Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with oat in southwestern Ontario, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tamburic-Ilincic
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Performance Trial

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein. Petch] is the predominant Fusarium species pathogenic to wheat, barley and corn in Ontario and produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain. The first objective of this study was to determine the Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin concentrations (DON, HT-2, and T-2) from commercial oat (Avena sativa L.) fields grown in the same area as wheat, corn and barley in Ontario. The second objective was to measure DON level across cultivars grown in the Ontario Performance Trial (OPT) after spray-inoculation with F. graminearum. Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. graminearum and F. poae were the predominant species identified in oat. The highest level of DON in commercial oat fields were 0.3, 0.1, 0.2 and 1.2 ppm in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The highest concentrations of HT-2, and T-2 in 2006 were 0.5 and 0.2 ppm, respectively, whereas the levels in 2007 were both under 0.2 ppm. The relatively low level of DON in commercial oat fields confirmed that oat is in general less affected with F. graminearum than other cereals. However, this study supports the importance of monitoring Fusarium spp. and concentrations of mycotoxins in oat in Ontario, especially during growing conditions, as experienced in 2008, which favored Fusarium infection and DON accumulation. Differences in percent of Fusarium spp. infected kernels and DON level (ppm) were identified amongst the cultivars in the OPT in naturally infected oat samples and after inoculation, respectively. Key words: Oat, Fusarium spp., mycotoxins

Sulforaphane Regulates NFE2L2/Nrf2-Dependent Xenobiotic Metabolism Phase II and Phase III Enzymes Differently in Human Colorectal Cancer and Untransformed Epithelial Colon Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1338-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lubelska ◽  
Katarzyna Wiktorska ◽  
Lidia Mielczarek ◽  
Małgorzata Milczarek ◽  
Ilona Zbroińska-Bregisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Human Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cells

scholarly journals The biosynthetic pathway for aurofusarin in Fusarium graminearum reveals a close link between the naphthoquinones and naphthopyrones

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus J. N. Frandsen ◽  
Nikoline J. Nielsen ◽  
Nicolai Maolanon ◽  
Jens C. Sorensen ◽  
Stefan Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Close Link

scholarly journals Comparison of xenobiotic metabolism in phase I oxidation and phase II conjugation between rats and bird species

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aksorn Saengtienchai ◽  
Yoshinori Ikenaka ◽  
Minami Kawata ◽  
Yusuke Kawai ◽  
Kazuki Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism

scholarly journals Possible Role of Trichothecene Mycotoxins in Virulence of Fusarium graminearum on Maize

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Harris ◽  
A. E. Desjardins ◽  
R. D. Plattner ◽  
P. Nicholson ◽  
G. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Trichodiene Synthase ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Trichothecene-producing and -nonproducing Fusarium graminearum strains were tested for their ability to cause Gibberella ear rot in field trials at two locations—Ottawa, Ontario, and Peoria, Illinois—in 1996. Maize ears were inoculated with wild-type or transgenic F. graminearum strains in which the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway had been disabled by the specific disruption of the trichodiene synthase gene and with a derivative revertant strain in which trichothecene production had been restored through recombination. A silk channel inoculation method was employed at both locations. In addition, a kernel puncture inoculation method was used at the Ontario location. Harvested maize ears were analyzed for visual disease severity, grain yield, deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration, and fungal biomass by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or ergosterol quantitation. There was a significant correlation (r= 0.86) between data obtained from the two different methods of quantifying fungal biomass. The trichothecene-nonproducing strains were still pathogenic but appeared less virulent on maize than the trichothecene-producing progenitor and revertant strains, as assayed by most parameters. This suggests that the trichothecenes may act as virulence factors to enhance the spread of F. graminearum on maize.

scholarly journals Contamination of Wheat Grains with Species of Genera Fusarium in Different Localities of Slovakia in 2006-2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Valéria Šudyová ◽  
Svetlana Šliková
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Animal Consumption

Contamination of Wheat Grains with Species of GeneraFusariumin Different Localities of Slovakia in 2006-2008The frequency and relative density of occurrence ofFusariumspp. was evaluated on 112 wheat grain samples from different agro-ecological localities in Slovakia. The samples were collected in 2006, 2007 and 2008 from the same farmers and from the same localities every year immediately after harvest. In 2006, contamination was 95.2%, in 2007 it was 64.3%, and 71.4% in 2008. The highest average frequency of occurrence was found inFusarium graminearumin 2006 - 65%. The prevalence ofFusarium poaewas ascertained in 2007 and 2008. The highest frequency ofFusariumspp. occurrence was revealed in locality Turčiansky Ďur in 2008 - 53.9%. The highest identified amount ofFusariumspecies (12) was from the area of Turčiansky Ďur in 2007.Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium poaeandFusarium oxysporumwere the most frequent in 2006, whileFusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium graminearumandFusarium semitectumdominated in 2007.Fusarium poaedominated in 2008, then followedFusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporumandFusarium avenaceum. Other identified species, such asFusarium equiseti, Fusarium tricinctumandMicrodochium nivale, were in population structure in a relatively low density. Grains contaminated withFusariumspp. are unsuitable for both human and animal consumption because of the adverse health effects of fusariotoxins.

scholarly journals Effects of fungicides applied at anthesis on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
R.A. Parkes ◽  
K.I. Sinclair ◽  
D.R. Lauren ◽  
R.C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat can cause yield losses of 3070 More importantly affected grain may be less palatable to stock than healthy grain and may contain mycotoxins A field trial in 2000/01 tested several fungicides and fungicide combinations for FHB control FHB incidence was 91 in untreated plots The greatest reduction of FHB incidence grain Fusarium and mycotoxins was achieved with triazoles a benzimadazole or a combination of these Strobilurin fungicides reduced FHB although less effectively than the triazoles and carbendazim but Fusarium incidence was greater in grain harvested from strobilurintreated plots than in grain from untreated plots Combining strobilurin fungicides with fungicides from other groups did not further reduce Fusarium levels in harvested grain Nine Fusarium species and Microdochium nivale were isolated from grain harvested from the trial Fusarium graminearum and F avenaceum were most commonly isolated with F crookwellense and F culmorum also common

scholarly journals The TRI11 Gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides Encodes a Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase Required for C-15 Hydroxylation in Trichothecene Biosynthesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Alexander ◽  
Thomas M. Hohn ◽  
Susan P. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Cluster Sequence

ABSTRACT Several genes in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway ofFusarium sporotrichioides have been shown to reside in a gene cluster. Sequence analysis of a cloned DNA fragment located 3.8 kb downstream from TRI5 has led to the identification of the TRI11 gene. The nucleotide sequence ofTRI11 predicts a polypeptide of 492 residues (M r = 55,579) with significant similarity to members of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily. TRI11 is most similar to several fungal cytochromes P-450 (23 to 27% identity) but is sufficiently distinct to define a new cytochrome P-450 gene family, designated CYP65A1. Disruption of TRI11 results in an altered trichothecene production phenotype characterized by the accumulation of isotrichodermin, a trichothecene pathway intermediate. The evidence suggests that TRI11 encodes a C-15 hydroxylase involved in trichothecene biosynthesis.

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