scholarly journals A Diverse Data Augmentation Strategy for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Yating Yang ◽  
Rui Dong
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Augmentation Strategy ◽  
Diverse Data

One important issue that affects the performance of neural machine translation is the scale of available parallel data. For low-resource languages, the amount of parallel data is not sufficient, which results in poor translation quality. In this paper, we propose a diversity data augmentation method that does not use extra monolingual data. We expand the training data by generating diversity pseudo parallel data on the source and target sides. To generate diversity data, the restricted sampling strategy is employed at the decoding steps. Finally, we filter and merge origin data and synthetic parallel corpus to train the final model. In the experiment, the proposed approach achieved 1.96 BLEU points in the IWSLT2014 German–English translation tasks, which was used to simulate a low-resource language. Our approach also consistently and substantially obtained 1.0 to 2.0 BLEU improvement in three other low-resource translation tasks, including English–Turkish, Nepali–English, and Sinhala–English translation tasks.

Improved neural machine translation for low-resource English–Assamese pair

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sahinur Rahman Laskar ◽  
Abdullah Faiz Ur Rahman Khilji ◽  
Partha Pakray ◽  
Sivaji Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Translation Accuracy ◽  
Vocabulary Problems

Language translation is essential to bring the world closer and plays a significant part in building a community among people of different linguistic backgrounds. Machine translation dramatically helps in removing the language barrier and allows easier communication among linguistically diverse communities. Due to the unavailability of resources, major languages of the world are accounted as low-resource languages. This leads to a challenging task of automating translation among various such languages to benefit indigenous speakers. This article investigates neural machine translation for the English–Assamese resource-poor language pair by tackling insufficient data and out-of-vocabulary problems. We have also proposed an approach of data augmentation-based NMT, which exploits synthetic parallel data and shows significantly improved translation accuracy for English-to-Assamese and Assamese-to-English translation and obtained state-of-the-art results.

scholarly journals A Joint Back-Translation and Transfer Learning Method for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gong-Xu Luo ◽  
Ya-Ting Yang ◽  
Rui Dong ◽  
Yan-Hong Chen ◽  
Wen-Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Back Translation

Neural machine translation (NMT) for low-resource languages has drawn great attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose a joint back-translation and transfer learning method for low-resource languages. It is widely recognized that data augmentation methods and transfer learning methods are both straight forward and effective ways for low-resource problems. However, existing methods, which utilize one of these methods alone, limit the capacity of NMT models for low-resource problems. In order to make full use of the advantages of existing methods and further improve the translation performance of low-resource languages, we propose a new method to perfectly integrate the back-translation method with mainstream transfer learning architectures, which can not only initialize the NMT model by transferring parameters of the pretrained models, but also generate synthetic parallel data by translating large-scale monolingual data of the target side to boost the fluency of translations. We conduct experiments to explore the effectiveness of the joint method by incorporating back-translation into the parent-child and the hierarchical transfer learning architecture. In addition, different preprocessing and training methods are explored to get better performance. Experimental results on Uygur-Chinese and Turkish-English translation demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the baselines that use single methods.

scholarly journals The Development of a Comprehensive Data Set for Systematic Studies of Machine Translation

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-262
Author(s):  
Jörg Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Initial Results

This paper presents our on-going efforts to develop a comprehensive data set and benchmark for machine translation beyond high-resource languages. The current release includes 500GB of compressed parallel data for almost 3,000 language pairs covering over 500 languages and language variants. We present the structure of the data set and demonstrate its use for systematic studies based on baseline experiments with multilingual neural machine translation between Finno-Ugric languages and other language groups. Our initial results show the capabilities of training effective multilingual translation models with skewed training data but also stress the shortcomings with low-resource settings and the difficulties to obtain sufficient information through straightforward transfer from related languages.

scholarly journals Augmenting Neural Machine Translation through Round-Trip Training Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyamin Ahmadnia ◽  
Bonnie J. Dorr
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Training Approach ◽  
Language Pair

AbstractThe quality of Neural Machine Translation (NMT), as a data-driven approach, massively depends on quantity, quality and relevance of the training dataset. Such approaches have achieved promising results for bilingually high-resource scenarios but are inadequate for low-resource conditions. Generally, the NMT systems learn from millions of words from bilingual training dataset. However, human labeling process is very costly and time consuming. In this paper, we describe a round-trip training approach to bilingual low-resource NMT that takes advantage of monolingual datasets to address training data bottleneck, thus augmenting translation quality. We conduct detailed experiments on English-Spanish as a high-resource language pair as well as Persian-Spanish as a low-resource language pair. Experimental results show that this competitive approach outperforms the baseline systems and improves translation quality.

Neural machine translation of low-resource languages using SMT phrase pair injection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Sukanta Sen ◽  
Mohammed Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Asif Ekbal ◽  
Pushpak Bhattacharyya ◽  
Andy Way
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Original Training ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Neural machine translation (NMT) has recently shown promising results on publicly available benchmark datasets and is being rapidly adopted in various production systems. However, it requires high-quality large-scale parallel corpus, and it is not always possible to have sufficiently large corpus as it requires time, money, and professionals. Hence, many existing large-scale parallel corpus are limited to the specific languages and domains. In this paper, we propose an effective approach to improve an NMT system in low-resource scenario without using any additional data. Our approach aims at augmenting the original training data by means of parallel phrases extracted from the original training data itself using a statistical machine translation (SMT) system. Our proposed approach is based on the gated recurrent unit (GRU) and transformer networks. We choose the Hindi–English, Hindi–Bengali datasets for Health, Tourism, and Judicial (only for Hindi–English) domains. We train our NMT models for 10 translation directions, each using only 5–23k parallel sentences. Experiments show the improvements in the range of 1.38–15.36 BiLingual Evaluation Understudy points over the baseline systems. Experiments show that transformer models perform better than GRU models in low-resource scenarios. In addition to that, we also find that our proposed method outperforms SMT—which is known to work better than the neural models in low-resource scenarios—for some translation directions. In order to further show the effectiveness of our proposed model, we also employ our approach to another interesting NMT task, for example, old-to-modern English translation, using a tiny parallel corpus of only 2.7K sentences. For this task, we use publicly available old-modern English text which is approximately 1000 years old. Evaluation for this task shows significant improvement over the baseline NMT.

Augmenting training data with syntactic phrasal-segments in low-resource neural machine translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Kumar Gupta ◽  
Sukanta Sen ◽  
Rejwanul Haque ◽  
Asif Ekbal ◽  
Pushpak Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Low Resource

scholarly journals Corpus Augmentation for Neural Machine Translation with Chinese-Japanese Parallel Corpora

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2036
Author(s):  
Jinyi Zhang ◽  
Tadahiro Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Word Alignment ◽  
Sentence Pair ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Source Sentence

The translation quality of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems depends strongly on the training data size. Sufficient amounts of parallel data are, however, not available for many language pairs. This paper presents a corpus augmentation method, which has two variations: one is for all language pairs, and the other is for the Chinese-Japanese language pair. The method uses both source and target sentences of the existing parallel corpus and generates multiple pseudo-parallel sentence pairs from a long parallel sentence pair containing punctuation marks as follows: (1) split the sentence pair into parallel partial sentences; (2) back-translate the target partial sentences; and (3) replace each partial sentence in the source sentence with the back-translated target partial sentence to generate pseudo-source sentences. The word alignment information, which is used to determine the split points, is modified with “shared Chinese character rates” in segments of the sentence pairs. The experiment results of the Japanese-Chinese and Chinese-Japanese translation with ASPEC-JC (Asian Scientific Paper Excerpt Corpus, Japanese-Chinese) show that the method substantially improves translation performance. We also supply the code (see Supplementary Materials) that can reproduce our proposed method.

scholarly journals Neural machine translation system for the Kazakh language based on synthetic corpora

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Ualsher Tukeyev ◽  
Aidana Karibayeva ◽  
Balzhan Abduali
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Machine Translation System ◽  
Turkic Languages

The lack of big parallel data is present for the Kazakh language. This problem seriously impairs the quality of machine translation from and into Kazakh. This article considers the neural machine translation of the Kazakh language on the basis of synthetic corpora. The Kazakh language belongs to the Turkic languages, which are characterised by rich morphology. Neural machine translation of natural languages requires large training data. The article will show the model for the creation of synthetic corpora, namely the generation of sentences based on complete suffixes for the Kazakh language. The novelty of this approach of the synthetic corpora generation for the Kazakh language is the generation of sentences on the basis of the complete system of suffixes of the Kazakh language. By using generated synthetic corpora we are improving the translation quality in neural machine translation of Kazakh-English and Kazakh-Russian pairs.

scholarly journals Improving Stylized Neural Machine Translation with Iterative Dual Knowledge Transfer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanxuan Wu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Xinjie Li ◽  
Jinan Xu ◽  
Yufeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Style Transfer ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Translation Model ◽  
Parallel Data

Stylized neural machine translation (NMT) aims to translate sentences of one style into sentences of another style, which is essential for the application of machine translation in a real-world scenario. However, a major challenge in this task is the scarcity of high-quality parallel data which is stylized paired. To address this problem, we propose an iterative dual knowledge transfer framework that utilizes informal training data of machine translation and formality style transfer data to create large-scale stylized paired data, for the training of stylized machine translation model. Specifically, we perform bidirectional knowledge transfer between translation model and text style transfer model iteratively through knowledge distillation. Then, we further propose a data-refinement module to process the noisy synthetic parallel data generated during knowledge transfer. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, achieving an improvement over the existing best model by 5 BLEU points on MTFC dataset. Meanwhile, extensive analyses illustrate our method can also improve the accuracy of formality style transfer.

scholarly journals Polygon-Net: A General Framework for Jointly Boosting Multiple Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Xu ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Tie-Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
First Time

Neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved great success. However, collecting large-scale parallel data for training is costly and laborious.  Recently, unsupervised neural machine translation has attracted more and more attention, due to its demand for monolingual corpus only, which is common and easy to obtain, and its great potentials for the low-resource or even zero-resource machine translation. In this work, we propose a general framework called Polygon-Net, which leverages multi auxiliary languages for jointly boosting unsupervised neural machine translation models. Specifically, we design a novel loss function for multi-language unsupervised neural machine translation. In addition, different from the literature that just updating one or two models individually, Polygon-Net enables multiple unsupervised models in the framework to update in turn and enhance each other for the first time. In this way, multiple unsupervised translation models are associated with each other for training to achieve better performance. Experiments on the benchmark datasets including UN Corpus and WMT show that our approach significantly improves over the two-language based methods, and achieves better performance with more languages introduced to the framework. 

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